Background: People with poor health or mental conditions are generally unwilling to participate in the health examinations, and no studies have directly examined the relationship of psychological ...distress among disaster survivors with participation status to date. The present study thus examined psychosocial differences according to the respondent status in a 5-year follow-up survey among participants in the prospective health surveys on survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster study in Iwate Prefecture, Japan.Methods: We analyzed data from 10,203 Japanese survivors aged ≥18 years (mean age, 65.6 years; 38.0% men) and who underwent health examinations at baseline in 2011. Participants were classified into responders and nonresponders according to their 2015 health examination participation status. Psychological distress was evaluated using the Kessler 6 scale and categorized as none, mild, and severe. Multinominal logistic regression was used to examine the risk of psychological distress in relation to participation status.Results: In the 2015 survey, 6,334 of 6,492 responders and 1,686 of 3,356 nonresponders were analyzed. The most common reasons for nonparticipation in the survey were participated in other health examinations, examined at a hospital, and did not have time to participate. Nonresponse in males was associated only with mild psychological stress, whereas nonresponse in females was associated with mild and severe psychological distress.Conclusion: Nonresponders in the follow-up survey had a higher risk of psychological distress than responders. Continuous monitoring of the health of nonresponders and responders may help to prevent future health deterioration.
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FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, UL, UM, UPUK
Previous Japanese studies have led to the erroneous conclusion of antioxidant capacity (AOC) intakes of the overall Japanese diet due to limitations in the number and types of food measured, ...especially in rice and seafood intake. The aims of the study were to construct an AOC database of foods representative of the typical Japanese diet and to clarify the high contributors to AOC intake from the overall diet of the Japanese population.
Commonly consumed foods were estimated using 3-day dietary records (DRs) over the four seasons among 55 men and 58 women in Japan. To generate an AOC database suitable for the typical Japanese diet, hydrophilic (H-)/lipophilic (L-) oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values of foods in each food group were measured via validated methods using the food intake rankings. Subsequently, we estimated the AOC intake and the AOC characteristics of a typical Japanese diet.
Of 989 food items consumed by the participants, 189 food items were measured, which covered 78.8% of the total food intake. The most commonly consumed types of antioxidant-containing food were tea, soybean products, coffee, and rice according to H-ORAC, and soybean products, fish and shellfish, vegetables, and algae according to L-ORAC.
The characteristics of high AOC intake in rice and seafood more appropriately reflected the Japanese-style diet. Further studies are expected to clarify the association between food-derived AOC and its role in preventing or ameliorating lifestyle-related diseases.
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Lifetime risk (LTR) evaluates the absolute risk of developing a disease during the remainder of one's life. It can be a useful tool, enabling the general public to easily understand their risk of ...stroke. No study has been performed to determine the LTR of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with or without hypertension; therefore, we performed this study in an Asian population. We followed 1525 participants (66.0% women; age 63.1 years) in the general population of Ohasama, Japan. We defined CKD as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m
and/or proteinuria. Hypertension was defined as a systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/≥90 mmHg and/or the use of antihypertensive medication. We calculated the sex-specific LTR of stroke adjusted for the competing risk of death. During the mean follow-up period of 16.5 years, a first stroke occurred in 238 participants. The 10-year risk of stroke at the age of 45 years was 0.0% for men and women. The LTRs of stroke at the index age of 45 years (men/women) were 20.9%/14.5% for participants without CKD and hypertension, 34.1%/29.8% for those with CKD but not hypertension, 37.9%/27.3% for those with hypertension but not CKD, and 38.4%/36.4% for those with CKD and hypertension. The LTRs of stroke tended to be higher in younger participants than in older participants with CKD and/or hypertension. CKD contributed to the LTR of stroke, as did hypertension. The prevention of CKD and hypertension can reduce the LTR of stroke, especially in young populations.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Aim
This study examines whether changes in physical activity (PA) during the first year after the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (2011–2012) contributed to preventing the onset of future ...frailty among older survivors of the disaster.
Methods
This study tracked 2561 physically active Japanese survivors aged ≥ 65 years (43.6% men; mean age 72.9 years) who had completed self‐administered questionnaires in 2011 and 2012. PA levels for participants were classified into four categories based on ≥23 and <23 metabolic equivalent hours/week in 2011 and 2012: “consistently low,” “decreasing,” “increasing,” and “consistently high.” Frailty was defined as a Kihon Checklist score ≥ 5, which is used in the long‐term care insurance system in Japan. Hazard ratios were calculated for the onset of frailty using a Cox proportional hazards model that fitted the proportional sub‐distribution hazards regression model with weights for competing risks of death.
Results
From 2012 to 2018, 283 men and 490 women developed frailty. Men with consistently high or increasing PA during the first year after the disaster had a lower risk of frailty. Furthermore, even increasing PA by walking for just 30 min/day prevented future frailty in men; however, this association between a change in PA and the decreased risk of frailty was not observed in women.
Conclusions
Older men who remained physically active or resumed PA at an early stage and at a low intensity, even after being physically inactive owing to the disaster, were able to prevent future frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 563–570.
Older men who resumed physical activity at an early stage, even after being physically inactive owing to the disaster, were able to delay future frailty.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 had higher risks of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension, particularly residents of heavy flooding areas and evacuees. Thus far, the ...association between the prevalence of hypertension and dairy consumption remains unknown among these evacuees. We investigated this association by housing type after the Great East Japan Earthquake. In this cross-sectional study, we conducted a baseline survey among 9569 survivors of the earthquake, aged ≥18 years, between September 2011 and February 2012. Hypertension was defined as a systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or as persons undergoing treatment for high blood pressure. The frequency of dairy consumption was determined using a questionnaire. Participants living in prefabricated housing and emergency shelters were regarded as residents of temporary housing. Hypertension was prevalent among 43.8% and 44.7% of the participants in temporary and non-temporary housing, respectively. A logistic regression analysis of the prevalence of hypertension by daily dairy consumption showed that the magnitude of multivariable-adjusted odds ratios differed according to housing type (odds ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.80 in temporary housing; odds ratio, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.73-0.995 in non-temporary housing; P for interaction = 0.0501). These associations were consistent across subgroups according to sex, age, behavioral factors, obesity, disorders of lipid metabolism, and economic status. A higher frequency of dairy consumption was associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension among community-dwelling survivors of earthquakes and tsunamis, particularly those living in temporary housing. Therefore, dietary therapy involving dairy consumption could help prevent hypertension among evacuees.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Aims: Although physiological effects of hydrophilic- (H-) and lipophilic- (L-) antioxidant capacities (AOCs) are suggested to differ, the association of an antioxidant-rich diet and chronic kidney ...disease (CKD) incidence has not been examined. We therefore explored the association between the H- or L-AOC of a whole Japanese diet and CKD risk in a general population.Methods: A total of 922 individuals without CKD (69.2% women; mean age, 59.5 years old) from Ohasama Town, Japan, were examined. CKD incidence was defined as the presence of proteinuria and/or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of ＜60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Consumption of H-/L-AOC was determined based on the oxygen radical absorbance capacity in a specially developed Japanese food AOC database. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for new-onset CKD using a Cox proportional hazards model.Results: During the median follow-up of 9.7 years, 137 CKD incidents were recorded. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the highest quartile of L-AOC was significantly associated with a 51% reduced CKD risk among only women. An increased L-AOC intake was more effective in preventing eGFR reduction than in preventing proteinuria in women. These associations were not seen for H-AOC intake in both sexes and L-AOC intake in men.Conclusions: A high intake of lipophilic antioxidants may be associated with a reduced CKD risk. The balance between dietary antioxidant intake and pro-oxidants induced by unhealthy lifestyles may be crucial for preventing future kidney deterioration.
To provide reliable data for high quality epidemiological studies examining the relationship between health and antioxidant intake from daily foods, 107 plant-derived food items (12 rice, bread and ...noodles, 5 potatoes and starches, 9 pulses, 6 nuts/seeds, 29 vegetables, 22 fruits, 5 mushrooms, 7 algae, and 12 beverages) were selected as commonly consumed foods in Japan based on dietary records, and their antioxidant capacities were evaluated by validated hydrophilic- and lipophilic-oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H-ORAC and L-ORAC) methods. The food items covered more than 60% of total food intake for each category on a weight basis. The H-ORAC and L-ORAC values were widely distributed at 0-210 and 0-30 μmol-Trolox equivalent/g, respectively. The foods possessing potent antioxidant capacities were found in vegetables and fruits as well as other plant-derived foods. In most foods measured, the H-ORAC values were much larger than the L-ORAC values, except for certain kinds of pulses, nuts/seeds, mushrooms, and algae. The ORAC data shown here is sufficient to accurately estimate the antioxidant intake from plant-derived foods in Japan, and should be useful in future epidemiological studies aiming to clarify the biological significance of ORAC values.
Aims: Few studies have investigated the subclinical atherosclerotic changes in the brain and carotid artery, and in East Asian populations. We sought to investigate whether gravidity, delivery, the ...age at menarche and menopause and estrogen exposure period are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis of the brain and carotid arteriopathy.Methods: This cross-sectional study formed part of a cohort study of Ohasama residents initiated in 1986. Brain atherosclerosis and carotid arteriopathy were diagnosed as white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and lacunae evident on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and carotid intimal media thickness (IMT) or plaque revealed by ultrasound, respectively. The effect of the reproductive events on brain atherosclerosis and carotid arteriopathy was investigated using logistic regression and general linear regression models after adjusting for covariates.Results: Among 966 women aged ≥ 55 years in 1998, we identified 622 and 711 women (mean age: 69.2 and 69.7 years, respectively) who underwent either MRI or carotid ultrasound between 1992–2008 or 1993–2018, respectively. The highest quartile of gravidity (≥ 5 vs. 3) and delivery (≥ 4 vs. 2), and the highest and second highest (3 vs. 2) quartiles of delivery were associated with an increased risk of WMH and carotid artery plaque, respectively. Neither of age at menarche, menopause, and estrogen exposure period estimated by subtracting age at menarche from age at menopause was associated with atherosclerotic changes of brain and carotid arteries.Conclusions: Higher gravidity and delivery are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis of the brain and carotid plaque.
Aim
To fill the knowledge gap regarding weight change and the onset of disability in community‐dwelling Japanese older adults, we investigated the potential effects of rapid weight change on ...disability risk as defined by Japan's long‐term care insurance (LTCI) system.
Methods
We analyzed data from a longitudinal study of 10 375 community‐dwelling older Japanese adults (≥65 years) who were not LTCI needs certified at baseline and joined the study from 2002 to 2005. Weight change (percentage) was calculated by subtracting participants' weight in the previous year from that measured during a physical examination at study commencement. The five weight‐change categories ranged from sizable weight loss (≤ −8.0%) to sizable weight gain (≥ +8.0%). Disability was defined according to LTCI certifications at follow‐up. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for new‐onset disability using a Cox proportional hazards model that fitted the proportional subdistribution hazards regression model with weights for competing risks of death.
Results
During the mean 10.5‐year follow‐up, 2994 participants developed a disability. Sizable weight loss (HR 95% confidence intervals, 1.41 1.17–1.71) and weight loss (1.20 1.05–1.36) were significant predictors of disability onset. Sizable weight gain (1.45 1.07–1.97) corresponded to severe disability. Stratified analyses by lifestyle and initial body mass index categories revealed more pronounced associations between weight change and disability risk in the unhealthy lifestyle and below initial normal body mass index groups.
Conclusions
Rapid and sizable weight gain could be additional criteria for disability risk in older adults.
Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 809–816
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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