Salt reduction is the most important lifestyle modification, especially in Japanese individuals who still consume a significant amount of salt. The Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 2020, issued ...by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, propose a salt intake goal of <7.5 g/day for men and <6.5 g/day for women. Regarding the goal of salt reduction in hypertensive patients, the hypertension guideline by the Japanese Society of Hypertension 2019 (JSH2019) proposes a goal of <6 g/day. Although the average salt intake in Japan gradually decreased in the early 2000s, the declining trend has not been seen in recent years, and thus, it seems difficult to achieve these target salt intake levels. To overcome this challenge, the JSH announced the 'JSH Tokyo Declaration' and pledged to create a specific action plan to achieve the target salt intake level of <6 g/day. The six strategies to achieve the target salt intake level are as follows: (1) educating citizens on the harms of excessive salt intake and the importance of reducing salt intake; (2) recommending the assessment of the salt intake of individuals or populations and proposing adequate methods to reduce salt intake; (3) promoting salt reduction for children as a part of dietary education at school; (4) promoting salt reduction in takeout food, prepared dishes, canteens, and school lunches; (5) encouraging companies to develop and promote low-salt foods; and (6) encouraging the government to take measures to promote salt reduction. Through these activities, a society with a low salt intake will be expected in the near future.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
We report a case of recurring, persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) in a patient with a unidirectional epicardial connection (EC) between the right‐sided pulmonary venous (PV) carina and the right ...atrium detected using a high‐density mapping catheter with a steerable introducer support, but not a conventional circular mapping catheter. This unidirectional EC could be steadily abolished by a radiofrequency delivery. Finally, we were able to successfully achieve complete PV antrum isolation. Thereafter, he has remained well without any AF.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FSPLJ, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Sodium reduction is an important public health goal. Individual and population approaches are necessary for reducing the sodium content of processed foods and meals. The aim of the present study is ...to affirm the effect of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG), an umami substance, on the saltiness or palatability of low-salt solutions and to explore the preferred salt concentration in soup. Five hundred and eighty-four healthy participants from nineteen regions in Japan tasted 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% NaCl solutions with or without 0.3% MSG. Evaluations of saltiness and palatability for each solution were conducted using a visual analog scale in a double-blinded randomized manner. Saltiness gradually increased depending on the concentration of NaCl. The saltiness of the 0.3% NaCl solution with MSG was rated significantly higher than that without MSG. The palatability ratings were higher for the solutions with MSG than for those without MSG for all NaCl concentrations. In particular, the palatability rating of the 0.3% NaCl solution with MSG was twice as high as that without MSG and was significantly higher than that of the other five test solutions. Furthermore, these results were observed to be approximately the same, irrespective of sex, age, region, etc. Salt reduction is believed to result in a loss of palatability. However, our results suggest that umami can compensate for the loss of palatability caused by salt reduction and that the addition of an appropriate amount of an umami substance can facilitate salt reduction from 0.9 to 0.3% without sacrificing palatability.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Objective This study aimed to investigate the antihypertensive goal achievement rate for office blood pressure (OBP) and the rate of clinical inertia (inertia) as factors for non-achievement in ...hypertensive patients in 2020. After documenting these results in the medical records, we observed changes in the achievement rate of the OBP goals in 2020 and 2022. Methods In Study 1, the participants were 517 outpatients (mean age 68.6±13.2 years, 54% women) who visited the Division of Hypertension regularly between March and September 2020. We investigated the achievement rate of OBP goals during that period and confirmed the prevalence of inertia as a possible factor for failure to achieve OBP goals. In Study 2, the participants were 308 who visited the division, and who had at least one condition for which an OBP of <130/80 should be targeted in both 2020 and 2022 (mean age 66.6±12.4 years, 50% of women in 2020). We investigated the trends in the achievement of OBP for the same period in both years. Results The rate of achievement of the OBP goals in 2020 was 48%. Inertia accounted for 14% of the non-achievement factors. The OBP significantly decreased in 2022 in comparison to 2020. The achievement rate of OBP goals showed an increasing trend from 45% in 2020 to 52% in 2022. Conclusion Attending physicians' awareness of unmet antihypertensive goals can help them overcome inertia and improve blood pressure control in patients.
Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratios are known to be high in preschoolers, but there are no reports comparing these ratios with those of the children's mothers. The aim of this study was to investigate ...the association between the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratios of mothers and their preschool children under the hypothesis that the ratio is equivalent between the two. We evaluated 297 preschoolers aged four to five attending six kindergartens (four in northern Japan, two in southern Japan), and we also evaluated the children's mothers. We asked the participants to take morning first urine samples for 2 consecutive days in the spring and autumn of the same year (four samples per participant) and to fill out a dietary questionnaire. There was a correlation between the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratios of preschoolers and those of their mothers. However, in a comparison between the preschoolers and their mothers overall, higher values were found in the preschoolers preschoolers: 4.6 (3.5-6.3) mmol/L/g·Cr; mothers: 4.3 (3.9-4.7) mmol/L/g·Cr, p = 0.003. These results correlated with the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratios estimated from the dietary questionnaire. The preschoolers showed high sodium and low potassium intake consumption compared to the mothers. Interestingly, these were found to differ by region and gender. In conclusion, the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio in Japanese preschoolers is related to and higher than that of their mothers. It is important to educate children, their parents, childcare professionals, and society as a whole about proper salt restriction and potassium supplementation, as well as to improve the food environment.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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