Edging Women Out Tuchman, Gaye; Fortin, Nina E.
1989, 20120821, 2012, 2012-08-21, Volume:
13
eBook
Before about 1840, there was little prestige attached to the writing of novels, and most English novelists were women. By the turn of the twentieth century, "men of letters" acclaimed novels as a ...form of great literature, and most critically successful novelists were men. In the book, sociologist Gaye Tuchman examines how men succeeded in redefining a form of culture and in invading a white-collar occupation previously practiced mostly by women.
Tuchman documents how men gradually supplanted women as novelists once novel-writing was perceived as potentially profitable, in part because of changes in the system of publishing and rewarding authors. Drawing on unusual data ranging from the archives of Macmillan and company (London) to an analysis of the lives and accomplishments of authors listed in the Dictionary of National Biography, she shows that rising literacy and the centralization of the publishing industry in London after 1840 increased literary opportunities and fostered men's success as novelists. Men redefined the nature of a good novel and applied a double standard in critically evaluating literary works by men and by women. They also received better contracts than women for novels of equivalent quality and sales. They were able to accomplish this, says Tuchman, because they were to a large extent the culture brokers - the publishers, publishers' readers, and reviewers of an elite art form.
Both a sociological study of occupational gender transformation and a historical study of writing and publishing, this book will be a rich resource for students of the sociology of culture, literary criticism, and women's studies.
Based on years of observation at a large state university, "Wannabe U" tracks the dispiriting consequences of trading in traditional educational values for loyalty to the market. Aping their ...boardroom idols, the new corporate administrators at such universities wander from job to job and reductively view the students there as future workers in need of training. Obsessed with measurable successes, they stress auditing and accountability, which leads to policies of surveillance and control dubiously cloaked in the guise of scientific administration. In this eye-opening expose of the modern university, Tuchman paints a candid portrait of the corporatization of higher education and its impact on students and faculty. Like the best campus novelists, Tuchman entertains with her acidly witty observations of backstage power dynamics and faculty politics, but ultimately "Wannabe U" is a hard-hitting account of how higher education's misguided pursuit of success fails us all.
I have a colleague in the Department of Journalism who speaks about his work with a degree of passion that one usually doesn‘t hear in academic circles. An expert on Central Asian reporters. he ...covers reporters and editors working – or trying to work -- in these authoritarian countries that were once part of the Soviet Union. My colleague‘s department head lauds his dedication and expertise. He gathers information with such consummate skill, she advises, that central Asian reporters risk being quoted in his articles. Asked why he writes about the problems journalists face in these countries, my colleague talks about journalism, freedom of speech, and democracy. His voice resonates with fervor. ―Those countries are undemocratic,‖ he proclaims. ―There can be no democracy without a free press. I write about the problems these reporters and editors face…because they have to be free for us to be free.‖ (My colleague does not discuss how notions of freedom of expression vary from one media system to another; to him, this freedom is an absolute right.)
Notant d’un côté que la variabilité de la matière première empêche la routinisation et de l’autre, que les organisations imposent des protocoles de routine afin de contrôler le flux du travail, cet ...article explore deux questions liées : (1) comment une organisation peut-elle traiter de manière routinière des événements inattendus ? (2) Comment les journalistes d’actualité font-ils décroître la variabilité des événements qui forment la matière première de l’information ? L’article examine cinq classifications utilisées par les journalistes pour faire le tri parmi les événements qui font l’actualité. En premier lieu, l’article analyse ces classifications en tant que « catégories » qui définissent ces événements. Cette approche se soldant par un échec, pour des raisons qui seront précisées, l’article examine ces mêmes classifications en tant que typifications. Cette dernière analyse montre à quel point la typification de la matière première est constituée par les exigences de la structure organisationnelle du travail d’information. Une attention particulière est prêtée aux problèmes pratiques liés au contrôle du travail. Les conséquences, pour les organisations produisant de l’information, de la manière dont un événement se produit sont également analysées. Certaines conséquences de l’analyse sont débattues.
Once upon a time in a land not so far away, higher education was a public good and state colleges and universities were virtually free. The financing of higher education is quite different now; so is ...the meaning of a college degree. Today, it is defined as a private good. Also, as students costs have escalated and the state has paid less, there have been serious unintended consequences. Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa have provided a great service by identifying some of them in Academically Adrift. At every sort of higher-education institution -- selective and nonselective, public and private -- students are learning less than students did twenty years ago. Furthermore, the gap between the educational accomplishments of rich and poor undergraduates and also the gulf between those of whites and underrepresented minorities is growing. Adapted from the source document.
Full text
Available for:
CEKLJ, DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FSPLJ, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
WHEN INNOVATION MEETS LEGACY Ostertag, Stephen F.; Tuchman, Gaye
Information, communication & society,
08/2012, Volume:
15, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Journalism's transition from an industrial age to an information age and the unstable economics of profit-driven newsmaking have allowed for an unprecedented level of citizen input and involvement in ...the making of news. Here, new relationships between legacy and innovative newsmaking are forged and new models of newsmaking emerge. In this article, we discuss the case of The New Orleans Eye, an attempt at innovative newsmaking rooted in an individual citizen who started blogging in the wake of hurricane Katrina. The New Orleans Eye is a largely foundation-funded, non-profit online news organization composed of bloggers and former ink reporters, and has a unique relationship with the local Fox television station. We treat The New Orleans Eye as an example of a mixed-media system and discuss the tensions that emerge over innovative newsmaking within a context of a profit-driven legacy news industry and a neoliberal state.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
For at least 30 years, professional work has been changing. Even such once-elite professionals as doctors, lawyers, and professors have become subject to significant control. Single-practitioner ...medical practices have given way to group practices subject to the rules of insurance plans; lawyers join mammoth firms where paralegals time the steps from their desks to the copy machine to bill by the minute; professors routinely submit several sorts of yearly reports detailing their scholarship, teaching, service, and community outreach; and, in a new development, some universities, such as nine units in the University of Texas system, have released productivity measures for individual professors to reveal whether they are have added value to the university and so are worth their salt. In this article, the author stresses how productivity data, now part of the academic plan of most research universities, are part and parcel of what top administrators in the higher-education industry define as "business as usual." When universities' top administrators release these metrics, they are telling taxpayers that their monies are being well spent. They are countering the argument that higher education is a private good--an item that primarily benefits those with degrees rather than the public. Over the past two decades, states have been decreasing higher education's public subsidy and so, by their actions, have been declaring that students and their families should pay for college rather than receive a significant public subsidy. (Contains 1 table and 8 endnotes.)
PDF
