Summary
In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted the attention of both the research community and the industry, and this has eventually lead to the widespread use of WSNs in ...various applications. The significant advancements in WSNs and the advantages brought by WSNs have also enabled the rapid development of underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). In UASNs, in addition to deployment, determining the locations of underwater sensor nodes after they have been deployed is important since it plays a critical role in many applications. Various localization techniques have been proposed for UASNs, and each one is suitable for specific scenarios and has unique challenges. In this paper, after presenting an overview of potential UASN applications, a survey of the deployment techniques and localization algorithms for UASNs has been presented based on their major advantages and disadvantages. Finally, research challenges and open research issues of UASNs have been discussed to provide an insight into future research opportunities.
In UASNs, deployment and localization are 2 of the most fundamental and important tasks. However, due to the unpredictable and unique characteristics of underwater wireless communications, a number of challenges, such as large propagation delay, limited communication bandwidth, and high bit error rate, are faced when deploying UASNs and localizing nodes. In this paper, a survey of existing UASN deployment techniques and localization algorithms is given. In addition, research challenges and open research issues are presented.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Salt water adversely affects human health and plant growth. In parallel with the increasing interest in non-contact determination of salt concentration in water, a novel approach is proposed in this ...study. In the proposed approach, S parameter measurements, which show the scattering properties of electromagnetic waves, are used. First, the relationship between salt concentration in water and permittivity values, a distinguishing feature for liquids, is shown. Then, based on the derived correlations from a set of S parameter measurements, it is shown that the salt concentration in water can be predicted. Finally, after exactly determining the relations of permittivity, salt concentration and S parameter, a system that allows non-contact determination of salt concentration is proposed. Since the proposed system makes its prediction using a classifier, decision tree algorithms are employed for this purpose. In order to evaluate the appropriateness and success of the algorithms, a set of classification experiments were held using various water samples with different levels of salt concentration. The results of the classification experiments show that the Hoeffding tree algorithm achieved the best results and is the most suitable decision tree algorithm for determining the salt concentration of liquids. For this reason, the proposed non-contact approach can be used to determine the salt concentration in water reliably and quickly if its hardware and software components can be embedded into a prototype system.
This paper investigates the use of Power Line Communication (PLC) for Smart Grid (SG) applications. Firstly, an overview is done to define the characteristics of PLC and PLC-based SG applications are ...addressed to define the compatibility of PLC. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of PLC for SG applications are analyzed to improve the issues related to PLC. Due to the past standardization problem of PLC, new protocols and standards proposed for PLC are reviewed to see possible solutions toward its standardization. In addition, both completed and ongoing developments in the PLC technologies and their worldwide implementations are reviewed in this study. Finally, open research issues and future works are given.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Predictive maintenance relies on machine learning techniques to learn from historical data and also uses live data to analyse failure patterns. Different from conservative maintenance procedures that ...generally lead to resource wastage, predictive maintenance can offer optimum resource utilisation and allow predict failures before they occur. Machine learning techniques are essential for automated predictive maintenance; therefore, in this paper the use and effectiveness of support vector machines for predictive maintenance is analysed. As the results show, support vector machines achieve the best performance when linear kernel function is used.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This paper presents a novel approach of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for automated meter reading (AMR) applications in rural areas where there are a few consumers scattered across a wide ...area. Compared to traditional meter reading systems, the use of UAVs for AMR brings several advantages, such as low cost operation, flexibility and online system management. In this paper, the advantages of integrating an Inertial Navigation System (INS) and a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver for a robust localization and navigation system for automated meter reading applications are investigated. In addition, the results of field tests related to the proposed navigation and localization system, and experimental studies on sensor node lifetime, are given to prove the effectiveness of the proposed system. The proposed system can be used by utility providers to extend or improve their services.
The recent increase in terrorist attacks realized using liquid explosives has made it important to develop quick and reliable methods that can distinguish between nonhazardous liquids and other ...liquids that can be used in these explosives. Since the stability and sensitivity properties of microwave systems are high, microwave frequency band is preferred to differentiate hazardous liquids from non-hazardous liquids. In this study, a noncontact system based on electromagnetic response measurements of liquids in microwave frequency band is proposed to develop a classification approach that can be used in liquid scanners. Naive Bayes, linear discriminant analysis, qualitative data analysis, support vector machine, sequential minimal optimization,
K
-nearest neighbors classification algorithms are used to classify liquids and their classification performances are analyzed. The results of the set of classification experiments prove the success of the proposed measurement method. As the results prove,
K
-nearest neighbors is the most appropriate classification algorithm for hazardous liquid detection. Since it can be easily implemented and its detection process is fast, a classification system based on the proposed approach can be very useful in airports and shopping malls.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Alcohol is widely used in various fields today. Alcohol overdose and its improper use can cause many health problems. Drinking liquids with high alcohol concentration, especially methanol, causes ...poisoning, and the use of colognes with high alcohol concentration causes various skin conditions and respiratory diseases. Therefore, for public health it is important to determine the type and concentration of alcohol in beverages and liquid products. In this paper,
K
* algorithm is used to detect and classify liquids containing high concentration of alcohol by measuring the scattering parameter of the liquids in the microwave frequency band. For this purpose, scatter parameter values of aqueous solutions of ethanol, methanol, 1-propanol and 2-propanol at different concentrations have been used as training sets. Commercial liquids with known ethanol concentrations and liquids with other known alcohol concentrations have been tested to prove the accuracy of the proposed approach. As the results show the proposed approach can classify liquids containing alcohol and their alcohol concentrations successfully and with high accuracy.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Water quality refers to the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water, and it is a measure of the condition of water relative to any human need or purpose. A particular problem with ...measuring the condition of water quality at drinking water reservoirs is the requirement of collecting a large number of samples. To handle this problem, we focus on the practical use of two different portable and low-cost approaches for continuous monitoring of water quality: miniboats loaded with sondes with probes and wireless sensor network- (WSN-) based monitoring system. These approaches bring several advantages over traditional monitoring systems in terms of cost, portability, and applicability. Our simulation studies show that these systems can be used to monitor water quality at drinking water reservoirs such as dams and holding ponds. Field tests to prove the effectiveness of the proposed systems are in progress.
Recent advances in embedded systems and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) made it possible to realize low-cost monitoring and automation systems for smart grids. This paper presents opportunities and ...design challenges of WSNs for smart grid applications. WSN-based smart grid applications have been introduced, and some WSN standards and communication protocols have been discussed for smart grid applications. Importantly, node lifetime and link reliability in wireless sensor networking for smart grid applications have been evaluated through case studies based on field tests in electric power system environments.
Since a humanoid robot does not get tired regardless of how many mistakes a student makes, and because it can be equipped with novel teaching techniques and updated with the most current knowledge, ...it can be useful for achieving many educational goals. The rationale behind this is that it has been shown in the literature that robots are more useful as teaching aids than computers or other instructional tools, as they can mimic human responses. Furthermore, humans, especially children, prefer robot interaction to other interaction types. Adults generally struggle to learn a foreign language, but this is true of some students, too. With their multilingual interaction capabilities, their ability to provide real-time feedback, and their humanlike physical shape, some types of humanoid robots can be of great assistance to students in learning a foreign language. The use of humanoid robots leads to a personal connection with the students, and this can help overcome issues related to shyness, reluctance, frustration and lack of confidence that may emerge in dealing with a human teacher. Moreover, as humanoid robots can be programmed to know specifically what each individual student needs to learn, they can be quite useful for one-on-one speaking activities. Considering the many possibilities that can be offered by information and communication technology tools, particularly by humanoid robots, this paper reviews the roles and functions of humanoid robots in teaching a foreign language, presents novel approaches in this domain, provides research challenges, and finally outlines future research directions. (DIPF/Orig.)
PDF
