In terms of net intensification in the greenhouse effect ie., rise of global temperature which has triggered melting of glacier thus increasing sea level and acidification of sea, carbon dioxide ...alone contributes approximately three-fourth of the net greenhouse radiative forcing by man-made (anthropogenic) greenhouse gases emissions. Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology; a promising strategy for capturing of carbon dioxide from point sources before its release to atmosphere by using various sorbents is gaining global interest. In this study, the established carbon capture technologies with methods of carbon dioxide separation along there pros and cons are discussed. Carbon-based adsorbents are considered as the most versatile adsorbents for carbon dioxide due to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties. In this manuscript, recent developments on carbonaceous adsorbents (biochar, activated carbons, and graphene-based adsorbents) and their role in carbon dioxide capture during different combustion processes and conditions have been comprehensively focused.
•CCS technique and its application in energy generation sector is presented.•CO2 adsorption mechanism on modified carbon-based materials is focused.•Deep understanding on key features for selective capture of CO2 is explained.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Nonradical-based advanced oxidation processes for pollutant removal have attracted much attention due to their inherent advantages. Herein we report that magnesium oxides (MgO) in CuOMgO/Fe3O4 not ...only enhanced the catalytic properties but also switched the free radical peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-activated process into the 1O2 based nonradical process. CuOMgO/Fe3O4 catalyst exhibited consistent performance in a wide pH range from 5.0 to 10.0, and the degradation kinetics were not inhibited by the common free radical scavengers, anions, or natural organic matter. Quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) revealed the relationship between the degradation rate constant of 14 substituted phenols and their conventional descriptor variables (i.e., Hammett constants σ, σ–, σ+), half-wave oxidation potential (E 1/2), and pK a values. QSARs together with the kinetic isotopic effect (KIE) recognized the electron transfer as the dominant oxidation process. Characterizations and DFT calculation indicated that the incorporated MgO alters the copper sites to highly oxidized metal centers, offering a more suitable platform for PMS to generate metastable copper intermediates. These highly oxidized metals centers of copper played the key role in producing O2 •– after accepting an electron from another PMS molecule, and finally 1O2 as sole reactive species was generated from the direct oxidation of O2 •– through thermodynamically feasible reactions.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
The intensification of the Internet of Health Things devices created security concerns due to the limitations of these devices and the nature of the healthcare data. While dealing with the security ...challenges, several authentication schemes, protocols, processes, and standards have been adopted. Consequently, making the right decision regarding the installation of a secure authentication solution or procedure becomes tricky and challenging due to the large number of security protocols, complexity, and lack of understanding. The major objective of this study is to propose an IoHT-based assessment framework for evaluating and prioritizing authentication schemes in the healthcare domain. Initially, in the proposed work, the security issues related to authentication are collected from the literature and consulting experts' groups. In the second step, features of various authentication schemes are collected under the supervision of an Internet of Things security expert using the Delphi approach. The collected features are used to design suitable criteria for assessment and then Graph Theory and Matrix approach applies for the evaluation of authentication alternatives. Finally, the proposed framework is tested and validated to ensure the results are consistent and accurate by using other multi-criteria decision-making methods. The framework produces promising results such as 93%, 94%, and 95% for precision, accuracy, and recall, respectively in comparison to the existing approaches in this area. The proposed framework can be picked as a guideline by healthcare security experts and stakeholders for the evaluation and decision-making related to authentication issues in IoHT systems.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The supply chain management (SCM) of COVID-19 vaccine is the most daunting task for logistics and supply managers due to temperature sensitivity and complex logistics process. Therefore, several ...technologies have been applied but the complexity of COVID-19 vaccine makes the Internet of Things (IoT) a strong use case due to its multiple features support like excursion notification, data sharing, connectivity management, secure shipping, real-time tracking and monitoring etc. All these features can only feasible through choosing and deploying the right IoT platform. However, selection of right IoT platform is also a major concern due to lack of experience and technical knowledge of supply chain managers and diversified landscape of IoT platforms. Therefore, we introduce a decision making model for evaluation and decision making of IoT platforms that fits for logistics and transportation (L&T) process of COVID-19 vaccine. This study initially identifies the major challenges addressed during the SCM of COVID-19 vaccine and then provides reasonable solution by presenting the assessment model for selection of rational IoT platform. The proposed model applies hybrid Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach for evaluation. It also adopts Estimation-Talk-Estimation (ETE) approach for response collection during the survey. As, this is first kind of model so the proposed model is validated and tested by conducting a survey with experts. The results of the proposed decision making model are also verified by Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) technique which indicates higher results accuracy and reliability of the proposed model. Similarly, the proposed model yields the best possible results and it can be judged by the precision, accuracy and recall values i.e. 93%, 93% and 94% respectively. The survey-based testing also suggests that this model can be adopted in practical scenarios to deal with complexities which may arise during the decision making of IoT platform for COVID-19 SCM process.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent pancreatic cancer, which is considered a significant global health concern. Chemotherapy and surgery are the mainstays of current pancreatic ...cancer treatments; however, a few cases are suitable for surgery, and most of the cases will experience recurrent episodes. Compared to DNA or peptide vaccines, mRNA vaccines for pancreatic cancer have more promise because of their delivery, enhanced immune responses, and lower proneness to mutation. We constructed an mRNA vaccine by analyzing S100 family proteins, which are all major activators of receptors for advanced glycation end products. We applied immunoinformatic approaches, including physicochemical properties analysis, structural prediction and validation, molecular docking study, in silico cloning, and immune simulations. The designed mRNA vaccine was estimated to have a molecular weight of 165023.50 Da and was highly soluble (grand average of hydropathicity of -0.440). In the structural assessment, the vaccine seemed to be a well-stable and functioning protein (Z score of -8.94). Also, the docking analysis suggested that the vaccine had a high affinity for TLR-2 and TLR-4 receptors. Additionally, the molecular mechanics with generalized Born and surface area solvation analysis of the "Vaccine—TLR-2" (-141.07 kcal/mol) and "Vaccine—TLR-4" (-271.72 kcal/mol) complexes also suggests a strong binding affinity for the receptors. Codon optimization also provided a high expression level with a GC content of 47.04% and a codon adaptation index score 1.0. The appearance of memory B-cells and T-cells was also observed over a while, with an increased level of helper T-cells and immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG). Moreover, the minimum free energy of the mRNA vaccine was predicted at -1760.00 kcal/mol, indicating the stability of the vaccine following its entry, transcription, and expression. This hypothetical vaccine offers a groundbreaking tool for future research and therapeutic development of pancreatic cancer.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Ever since the emergence of big data concept, researchers have started applying the concept to various fields and tried to assess the level of acceptance of it with renown models like technology ...acceptance model (TAM) and it variations. In this regard, this paper tries to look at the factors that associated with the usage of big data analytics, by synchronizing TAM with organizational learning capabilities (OLC) framework. These models are applied on the construct, intended usage of big data and also the mediation effect of the OLC constructs is assessed. The data for the study is collected from the students pertaining to information technology disciplines at University of Liverpool, online programme. Though, invitation to participate e-mails are sent to 1035 students, only 359 members responded back with filled questionnaires. This study uses structural equation modelling and multivariate regression using ordinary least squares estimation to test the proposed hypotheses using the latest statistical software R. It is proved from the analysis that compared to other models, model 4 (which is constructed by using the constructs of OLC and TAM frameworks) is able to explain 44% variation in the usage pattern of big data. In addition to this, the mediation test performed revealed that the interaction between OLC dimensions and TAM dimensions on intended usage of big data has no mediation effect. Thus, this work provided inputs to the research community to look into the relation between the constructs of OLC framework and the selection of big data technology.
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CEKLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, UL, UM, UPUK
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•Band structure engineering of BiVO4 through p-type doping agent.•Se Doped BiVO4 behave as p-type semiconductor.•High water adsorption energy is found for Se_BiVO4.
Monoclinic BiVO4 ...is being used as a photocatalyst due to its stability, cost-effectiveness, ease of synthesis, and narrow band gap. Although, the valence band maximum, VBM (∼−6.80eV vs vacuum) of BiVO4 is well below the redox potential of water but having less positive conduction band minimum, CBM (−4.56eV vs vacuum), responsible for its low efficiency. We have carried out a comprehensive periodic density functional theory (DFT) simulations for the pristine, Oxygen defective (Ov) and Se doped BiVO4, to engineer not only its CB edge position but the overall photocatalytic and charge carrier properties. Our theoretical method has nicely reproduced the experimental data of pristine BiVO4, which encouraged us to elaborate further its Ov and Se-doped characteristics. It is found that both the Ov (1% Oxygen vacancy) and Se-doped BiVO4 (1–2% Se) have ideal band edges, band gaps, and small effective masses of electrons and holes, responsible for high photocatalytic activities. Moreover, Se-doped BiVO4 behave as p-type semiconductor. Finally, the photocatalytic water-splitting behaviour of the selected surfaces were counterchecked with water interaction, where the strong water adsorption energy of about ∼−38 to −50kcal/mol, confirms and predicts their higher efficiencies compared to that of parent BiVO4.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In this article entropy generation analysis for unsteady laminar free convection flow of power-law fluid is investigated. Fluid flow is in the presence of thermal radiation and magnetic field. The ...flow and heat transfer are governed by coupled system of PDE's. System of partial differential equation (PDE's) governs the continuity, momentum and energy equations. Using suitable dimensionless parameters, the system of PDE's is transformed into dimensionless form. Numerical computations made employing finite difference method (FDM). This method converts the nonlinear PDE 's to simple algebraic equations and by using variational technique the approximate solution is obtained technique. Impacts of important flow variables on velocity, skin friction and Nusselt number are shown graphically. Skin friction and Nusselt number are discussed for different pertinent flow variables. Velocity, temperature, entropy and Bejan number variations through important variables are discussed in the form of graphs. The obtained results show that velocity decays against Re, Ha and Pr. Temperature is enhanced for higher values of Re, Ec, Tr and Gr. For higher estimation of Ec entropy of the system enhance while show opposite behavior for the Bejan number. Entropy of system boosts for strong magnetic field.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Perimeter-gated single-photon avalanche diodes (PGSPADs) have been shown to mitigate premature edge breakdown without unduly increasing the area of the device. PGSPADs are three terminal devices. In ...this paper, we develop a probability-based SPICE model for the PGSPAD and fully characterize an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">18 \times 18 </tex-math></inline-formula> pixel analog PGSPAD-based CMOS silicon photomultiplier (SiPM). The noise model is derived using theories of carrier thermal generation, carrier diffusion, and inter-band tunneling. Parameters are derived using fabricated PGSPAD devices and model validity is verified with experimental measurements. The designed PGSPAD SiPM is implemented in standard <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">0.5~\mu \text{m} </tex-math></inline-formula> 2-poly, 3-metal CMOS process, and is characterized for dark current, sensitivity, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) throughout the visible spectral range for varying bias voltages. Models show that the reduction of dark events in the PGPSAD is primarily caused by a reduction in band-to-band tunneling. Thus, as a function of the applied gate voltage the PGPSAD shows an improvement of SNR over a range of 1 to 1150. The sensitivity of the presented SiPM is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">1.06 \times 10^{3} </tex-math></inline-formula> A/W/cm 2 . The designed PGSPAD SiPM shows great promise over standard SiPM for applications, such as neutron detection which requires high sensitivities and high SNRs.
The performance of perimeter-gated single-photon avalanche diodes (PGSPADs) is assessed using principles of information theory. PGSPADs have an additional polysilicon gate to mitigate the effects of ...premature edge breakdown. Performance metrics of the photon detection probability and the dark count rate are experimentally obtained as functions of gate bias voltage and excess bias voltage. Applying the binary asymmetric communication channel model to the device, the parameter space that maximizes the information rate of the PGSPAD is assessed from the model and experimental data.
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