El objetivo de este texto es exponer diferentes maneras en que se han definido los conceptos de espacio social y espacio estatal, pues con el devenir de la historia estos han experimentado cambios ...diversos. El principal objeto que se discute es la vasta gama de la terminología asociada con ambos conceptos, en especial cómo los teóricos construyen y dan cuenta de sus particularidades. A partir de un breve recuento teórico se explican las estructuras respectivas. La aportación de este escrito radica en rescatar definiciones que se han construido y que varios especialistas han acuñado desde sus ópticas.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
El objetivo de este manuscrito es compartir el surgimiento y la aparición de credos religiosos no católi-cos en territorio latinoamericano desde el año 2000 hasta el 2015. Ante la inexistencia de ...estudios sobre la temática, se elabora un esbozo general de un proyecto para desarrollarlo a futuro. En la pregunta prin-cipal de investigación se define el proceso de establecimiento en países con sistemas políticos de dere-cha, de izquierda o con sistemas propios de la democracia social. Un aspecto importante se refiere a que la, cada vez mayor, presencia de nuevos credos ha influido en la re-constitución de las nociones de cultura y religión.
Current nationwide epidemiological data regarding ankle fractures are scarce. Such information is important towards better quantifying the mortality associated with such injuries, financial impact, ...as well as the implementation of preventative measures. This study evaluated the epidemiology of ankle fractures that occurred during a 5-year period. Specifically, we evaluated demographics, mechanism of injury, and disposition. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was queried to identify all patients with ankle fractures that presented to US hospital emergency departments between 2012 and 2016. Census data were used to determine the incidence rates of ankle fractures in terms of age, sex, and race. There was an estimated total of 673,214 ankle fractures that occurred during this period, with an incidence rate of 4.22/10,000 person-years. The mean age of patients with an ankle fracture was 37 ± 22.86 (SD) years; 23.5% of ankle fractures occurred in patients aged 10 to 19 years (7.56/10,000 person-years). In addition, 44% of ankle fractures occurred in men (3.81/10,000 person-years), whereas 56% occurred in women (4.63/10,000 person-years). Data on race/ethnicity were available for 71% of the subjects, with incidence rates of 2.85/10,000 person-years for whites, 3.01/10,000 person-years for blacks, and 4.08/10,000 person-years for others. The most common mechanism of injury was falls (54.83%), followed by sports (20.76%), exercise (16.84%), jumping (4.42%), trauma (2.84%), and other (0.30%). For disposition, 81.84% of patients were treated and released, 1.43% were transferred, 16.01% were admitted, 0.59% were held for observation, and 0.13% left against medical advice. The highest incidence of ankle fractures in men occurred in the 10-to-19-years age group, but women were more commonly affected in all other age groups.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Energy efficiency technologies have been promoted worldwide by policymakers and government and non-governmental institutions to decarbonize economies. In such context, Colombian government forecasted ...a total energy savings of around of 9% at the end of 2021 by promoting energy efficiency technologies across the different economic sectors. However, such efficiency goals may not be fully achieved due to the existence of the rebound effect. The rebound effect has the potential not only of entirely suppressing the energy savings expected but also of generating additional energy demand, a phenomenon known as backfire effect. Although the rebound effect has been extensively studied for developed countries, there is no empirical evidence of this phenomenon for South American countries. Hence, this study measures the direct rebound effect for all energy services consuming electricity in the household sector in Colombia along the period 2005–2013 by applying econometric techniques in a panel data for 15 states around the country. The results suggest a national rebound effect of 83.4% and values ranging across regions between 64.7 (Atlantico) and 78.9% (Meta). Our study points out that the rebound effect in Colombia follows a geographic patter, with high values at the interior of the country, which is relevant to various stakeholders in order to make informed decisions. Policymakers will gain knowledge on the role of the rebound effect in planning sustainability goals, whereas academics and practitioners will benefit of novel data regarding the role of the rebound effect in Latin American economies. Given the significance of our finding about rebound effect in a Latin American country, we conclude with some recommendations aimed at relevant stakeholders.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
El objetivo de este manuscrito se refiere a observar las principales carac-terísticas o elementos que explican la producción de la categoría denominada Actor civil religioso. La metodología que se ...establece es cualitativa en cuanto a la construcción de conceptos. Los resultados radican en construir una nueva categoría. Las limitaciones se refieren a que fue difícil captar todas las actividades realizadas por las iglesias. El valor consiste en conocer teóricamente los procesos sociales desarrollados. Los hallazgos ser refieren a compartir la categoría, mientras que las conclusiones se refieren a que es posible dilucidar los procesos sociales por medio de conceptos
Resumen: El documento que aquí se presenta es una oportunidad para dar cuenta de la experiencia que quien suscribe posee en relación con la enseñanza de las políticas públicas y las nociones de ...derechos humanos y seguridad pública para el desarrollo comunitario. El problema principal radica en que para conocer a fondo las estructuras del mundo es menester adentrarse en la arquitectura de la ciencia y las maneras especializadas en que se vinculan desde una mirada breve hacía la Ley de Educación Estatal del Estado de Quintana Roo, en particular del año 2022 y algunas reflexiones. El principal aporte radica en dar cuenta de la importancia de la experiencia en la construcción articulada de conceptos y categorías en el abordaje de ambas temáticas en el marco de su inclusión en el campo municipal y territorial de las políticas.
Palabras clave: conceptos, estructuras, vínculos, teoría-praxis, Quintana Roo (México).
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate biotrophs, and the difficulty of growing them in asymbiotic or monoxenic (AMF + root) conditions limits research and their large-scale production as ...biofertilizer. We hypothesized that a combination of flavanols and strigolactones can mimic complex root signaling during the presymbiotic stages of AMF. We evaluated the germination, mycelial growth, branching, and auxiliary cell clusters formation by
Gigaspora margarita
during the presymbiotic stage in the presence (or absence) of transformed
Cichorium intybus
roots in basal culture medium enriched with glucose, a flavonol (quercetin or biochanin A) and a strigolactone analogue (1-Methyl-2-oxindole or indole propionic acid). With quercetin (5 µM), methyl oxindole (2.5 nM), and glucose (8.2 g/L) in the absence of roots, the presymbiotic mycelium of
G. margarita
grew without cytoplasmic retraction and produced auxiliary cells over 71 days similar to presymbiotic mycelium in the presence of roots but without glucose, strigolactones, and flavonols. Our results indicate that glucose and a specific combination of certain concentrations of a flavonol and a strigolactone might be used in asymbiotic or monoxenic liquid or semisolid cultures to stimulate AMF inoculant bioprocesses.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
En el presente trabajo se caracterizó la flora briofítica en troncos en descomposición en la estación meteorológica el Zafire, Amazonas-Colombia. Para ello se realizó un muestreode 100 unidades ...muestrales en 20 troncos en diferente estado de descomposición y en dos tipos de bosque (tierra firme y varillal inundable). Se reportan 120 especies, 81 hepáticas y 39 musgos, pertenecientes a 55 géneros (33 hepáticas y 22 musgos) y 21 familias (nueve hepáticas y 12 musgos). Se registran cuatro especies nuevas para el país, 25 para la amazonia colombiana y 41 para el departamento del Amazonas. En términos de riqueza total, el bosque de varillal presentó un valor mayor al de tierra firme. Sin embargo, estadiferencia no es significativa (Kruskal Wallis X2=0,199; p = 0,05);así mismo la diversidad fue mayor en el bosque de varillal inundable (Shanon = 3,93) en comparación con la del bosque de tierra firme (Shanon = 3,67). La composición de las comunidades de briófitos fue diferente entre los dos tipos de bosques (similitud igual a 40 %). En el estudio florístico de los dos tipos de bosques de la estación biológica, se evidenció una marcada dominancia de la familia Lejeunaceae, que representaron el 55,5 % de las hepáticas y el 37,5 % del total de las especies de briofitos.
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a type of bone cancer showing an aggressive biological behavior with metastatic progression. Because propolis potential for the development of new antitumoral drugs has been ...indicated, we evaluated the chemical composition of Colombian propolis samples and the mechanisms involved in their cytotoxic effects on OSA cells. The chemical composition was analyzed by GC–MS and the DPPH free radical scavenging activity was measured. Cluster and principal components analysis were used to establish an association with their inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50). Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay; apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry; mitochondrial membrane permeability and reactive oxygen species were evaluated by rhodamine 123 and DCFH‐DA. Transwell assay was used to evaluate the invasiveness of propolis‐treated cells. Samples were grouped: Cluster 1 contained diterpenes and benzophenones and showed the highest antiradical activity; Cluster 2 was characterized by triterpenes, fatty acid, and diterpenes. Usm contained diterpenes and triterpenes different of the other samples and Sil contained triterpenes and flavonoids. Apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane alteration, and suppression of cell invasion were the main mechanisms involved in the inhibition of OSA cells in vitro, suggesting the potential of Colombian propolis to discover new antitumor drugs.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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