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•Vanillin can be used as a scaffold for the synthesis of type I photoinitiator.•Vanillin-derived type I photoinitiator generates highly reactive radical species.•Vanillin-derived ...photoinitiator induces free-radical photopolymerization.
A new efficient type I photoinitiator derived from vanillin was synthesized to initiate, according to a green photoinduced process, the free-radical polymerization (FRP) of acrylate monomers in a reduced time and under air. Interestingly, this unprecedented photoinitiator lead to high acrylate conversions even under air, with a higher efficiency than some reference photoinitiating systems commonly used in FRP.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Combined Heat and Power plants and civil/residential energy uses.•CHP plant supported by auxiliary boilers and thermal energy storage.•Definition of optimal operational strategies for cogeneration ...plants for District Heating.•Optimal-sized Thermal Energy Storage and a hybrid operational strategy.•Maximization of cogeneration share and reduction of time of operation of auxiliary boilers.
The aim of the paper is to define optimal operational strategies for Combined Heat and Power plants connected to civil/residential District Heating Networks. The role of a reduced number of design variables, including a Thermal Energy Storage system and a hybrid operational strategy dependent on the storage level, is considered.
The basic principle is to reach maximum efficiency of the system operation through the utilization of an optimal-sized Thermal Energy Storage. Objective functions of both energetic and combined energetic and economic can be considered. In particular, First and Second Law Efficiency, thermal losses of the storage, number of starts and stops of the combined heat and power unit are considered. Constraints are imposed to nullify the waste of heat and to operate the unit at its maximum efficiency for the highest possible number of consecutive operating hours, until the thermal tank cannot store more energy.
The methodology is applied to a detailed case study: a medium size district heating system, in an urban context in the northern Italy, powered by a combined heat and power plant supported by conventional auxiliary boilers. The issues involving this type of thermal loads are also widely investigated in the paper. An increase of Second Law Efficiency of the system of 26% (from 0.35 to 0.44) can be evidenced, while the First Law Efficiency shifts from about 0.74 to 0.84. The optimization strategy permits of combining the economic benefit of cogeneration with the idea of reducing the energy waste and exergy losses.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
Il saggio indaga una lirica di Leopardi, il Madrigale, inedita in vita, e ritrovata su un’unico foglio tra gli autografi delle carte napoletane. La breve lirica appare in due versioni, con alcuni ...versi varianti riportati in fondo all’autografo. Se dal punto di vista filologico è evidente che la versione posteriore sia la seconda, non è chiaro cosa esattamente la distingua dalla prima. Il mio argomento è che i testi del Madrigale sono distinti per alcune strutture poetiche (lo schema del fraseggio prosodico, la struttura metrica di un verso variante, e la distribuzione dei pronomi personali nel testo), che sono definite solo nella seconda versione. Dopo aver proposto un’analisi di queste strutture nel Madrigale, discuto criticamente alcuni fondamenti dell’approccio strutturale al testo poetico. Di qui lascio infine emergere una lettura che connette l’analisi strutturale all’estetica sociologica, e all’antropologia letteralmente decifrando la natura di ‘Dinggedichtnegativo’ del Madrigale
Nosocomial diseases are becoming a scourge in hospitals worldwide, and new multidrug-resistant microorganisms are appearing at the forefront, significantly increasing the number of deaths. Innovative ...solutions must emerge to prevent the imminent health crisis risk, and antibacterial hydrogels are one of them. In addition to this, for the past ten years, photochemistry has become an appealing green process attracting continuous attention from scientists in the scope of sustainable development, as it exhibits many advantages over other methods used in polymer chemistry. Therefore, the combination of antimicrobial hydrogels and light has become a matter of course to design innovative antimicrobial materials. In the present review, we focus on the use of photochemistry to highlight two categories of hydrogels: (a) antibacterial hydrogels synthesized via a free-radical photochemical crosslinking process and (b) chemical hydrogels with light-triggered antibacterial properties. Numerous examples of these new types of hydrogels are described, and some notions of photochemistry are introduced.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of the paper is to discuss the possible use of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants and to highlight some abnormal effects, generated by the available support mechanisms, both in sizing and ...management and to propose guidelines for defining optimal operational strategies of CHP power plants. Some composite indicators are proposed to give a more comprehensive assessment of the performances of a plant, for the design and optimization phase and for a possible approach to support mechanisms. A new composite indicator is introduced in order to assess the benefits of different scenarios. The method is tested with reference to a case study: a medium size district heating system, powered by a CHP plant supported by conventional auxiliary boilers. Data coming from a real plant equipped with a remote monitoring system are analyzed. Operating data of a typical month are used in order to test the approach for the reference system. The paper shows how the use of the defined composite indicators can modify in a meaningful way the operating strategy of the CHP, increasing a lot the share of thermal energy produced with the CHP unit with respect to the conventional boilers.
•Development of district heating with cogeneration as an issue for efficiency increase.•Increasing share of combined heat and power plant in district heating systems.•A new composite indicator is introduced to assess the benefits of cogeneration systems.•Analyses of steady state operational points for different time step sizes.•Operating data of a typical plant used in order to demonstrate the approach.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In Australia, the distribution of occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and podiatrists density (per 10,000 population) by measure of location/rurality, usual resident population, and area-level ...socioeconomic status has not been described. To describe the national as well as states-and territories-wide distribution of registered allied health workforce-occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and podiatrists-by measures of rurality and area-level socioeconomic position in Australia. A linked data study that brings together (1) the location of health practitioners' principal place of practice from the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency, (2) a measure of location/rurality-Modified Monash Model (MMM), and (3) an area-level measure of socioeconomic status-Index of Relative Socio-Economic Advantage and Disadvantage (IRSAD). The provider-to-population ratio (i.e., density) of three Australia's allied health workforce (occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and podiatrists) was calculated according to the MMM classifications (i.e., Modified Monash 1-7) and IRSAD quintiles at state and national level. Nationwide, the density of occupational therapists and physiotherapists was highest in metropolitan areas (Modified Monash 1) and decreased with the increasing levels of the MMM categories. The national density of podiatrists was highest in Modified Monash 3 areas. The density of occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and podiatrists was highest in areas with IRSAD quintile 5 (i.e., the highest socioeconomic position) and decreased with the declining levels of the IRSAD quintiles nationwide. Moreover, there were notable disparities in the density of occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and podiatrists across each state and territory in Australia when stratified by the MMM classifications and IRSAD quintiles. There was uneven distribution of registered occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and podiatrists when stratified by measures of location/rurality and area-level socioeconomic status across Australian jurisdictions. The density of these three groups of allied health workforce tended to be more concentrated in metropolitan and most advantaged areas while remote and most disadvantaged areas exhibited less allied health workforce distribution across each state and territory.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A novel anthraquinone-based oxime ester system (AQ-Ox) was successfully synthesized and used as a Type I visible-light photoinitiating system. The introduction of an anthraquinone moiety to the oxime ...ester group makes this system suitable for promoting photopolymerization under visible-light irradiation (LEDs@385, 405 and 455 nm) and allowed us to obtain high final acrylate conversions under laminate and air conditions in the free-radical polymerization (FRP) of an acrylate bio-based monomer. AQ-Ox also demonstrated better photoinitiating properties than commonly used Type I photoinitiators
i.e.
2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) and phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (BAPO), and allowed the design of 3D objects by 3D photoprinting technology. This is the first example of an anthraquinone based oxime-ester used as a Type I photoinitiator for FRP at
λ
> 405 nm and under air.
An anthraquinone-based oxime ester photoinitiating system as a new Type I photoinitiator for 3D photoprinting under LEDs@405 nm irradiation.
Mobile clinics have been implemented in diverse clinical and geographical settings to provide proximal health care for specific populations. Primary health care mobile clinics have been implemented ...widely for Indigenous populations, with a paucity of research evaluations around service delivery models internationally. To redress factors impeding service accessibility for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, Budja Budja Aboriginal Cooperative (Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation located in a small rural town in Victoria, Australia), developed and implemented the Tulku wan Wininn primary health mobile clinic.
A qualitative process evaluation methodology was used to explore contextual factors mediating the implementation of the mobile clinic, including the acceptability of the service to health service personnel, external key informants, and Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander clients. A synthesis of international ethical guidelines, (Consolidated Criteria for strengthening reporting of health research involving Indigenous peoples (CONSIDER statement), was prospectively applied to shape the study design and research process. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants. Data collection occurred from July 2019 to October 2021. Inductive thematic data analysis was undertaken concurrently with data collection.
Data was collected from 19 participants which included 12 health service personnel and key informants, and 7 Aboriginal clients. In total, data from 22 interviews were included as interviews with three clients were undertaken twice. Four themes were developed: considerations for early implementation, maintaining face-to-face services during COVID-19, acceptability as a model of service delivery, and maintaining the mobile clinic as a service delivery model.
Evidence supporting the acceptability of a primary health care mobile clinic for Aboriginal Peoples residing in rural Victoria is provided. Despite the experience of early implementation challenges and adaptations, the mobile clinic addressed known transport and cultural barriers to accessing primary health care services. In the context of COVID-19 lockdowns, the mobile clinic was valued for the provision of face-to-face care for Aboriginal clients. Key issues for maintaining the mobile clinic include health workforce and funding. Findings are of value to other organizations seeking to implement a primary health mobile clinic service delivery model to redress barriers to accessibility experienced by the communities they serve.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Rainfall-induced shallow landslides can lead to loss of life and significant damage to private and public properties, transportation systems, etc. Predicting locations that might be susceptible to ...shallow landslides is a complex task and involves many disciplines: hydrology, geotechnical science, geology, hydrogeology, geomorphology, and statistics. Two main approaches are commonly used: statistical or physically based models. Reliable model applications involve automatic parameter calibration, objective quantification of the quality of susceptibility maps, and model sensitivity analyses. This paper presents a methodology to systemically and objectively calibrate, verify, and compare different models and model performance indicators in order to identify and select the models whose behavior is the most reliable for particular case studies.The procedure was implemented in a package of models for landslide susceptibility analysis and integrated in the NewAge-JGrass hydrological model. The package includes three simplified physically based models for landslide susceptibility analysis (M1, M2, and M3) and a component for model verification. It computes eight goodness-of-fit indices by comparing pixel-by-pixel model results and measurement data. The integration of the package in NewAge-JGrass uses other components, such as geographic information system tools, to manage input-output processes, and automatic calibration algorithms to estimate model parameters. The system was applied for a case study in Calabria (Italy) along the Salerno-Reggio Calabria highway, between Cosenza and Altilia. The area is extensively subject to rainfall-induced shallow landslides mainly because of its complex geology and climatology. The analysis was carried out considering all the combinations of the eight optimized indices and the three models. Parameter calibration, verification, and model performance assessment were performed by a comparison with a detailed landslide inventory map for the area. The results showed that the index distance to perfect classification in the receiver operating characteristic plane (D2PC) coupled with the model M3 is the best modeling solution for our test case.
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