Postharvest irradiation with blue light increases anthocyanin content in sweet cherries.
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•Irradiation with blue light increased anthocyanin content in refrigerated sweet ...cherries.•Blue and white-blue-green light increased phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity.•High correlation was found between phenylalanine ammonia lyase and anthocyanins.•UV-B light had no significant effect on anthocyanins and phenyalanine ammonia lyase.
Light influences postharvest formation of bioactive compounds in fruit and vegetables. The objectives of this study were to determine the physicochemical changes and phenylalanine ammonia lyase and flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase activities in sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) irradiated with light-emitting diodes. Cherries were stored under light-emitting diodes for 10 days, exposed to UV-B and blue light, and to the combination of white, blue and green light. Irradiation with blue light significantly increased the anthocyanin content (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside) and significantly influenced the CIE color parameters hue, C* and ΔE. Combined white-blue-green light provoked similar but less pronounced effects, while UV-B light was similar to control (in the dark). Blue and white-blue-green light increased phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity. Light irradiation had no significant effects on ascorbic acid and the phenolic profile. Highly significant correlations were found between anthocyanins and phenylalanine ammonia lyase on the one side, and the color parameters hue, C* and ΔE on the other.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Wine lees anthocyanins were successfully extracted with DES.•DES proved to be more effective extraction solvent compared to acidified ethanol.•DES coupled with ultrasound extraction method was ...successfully applied.•Extraction optimization was conducted by response surface methodology.•Green and efficient extraction of wine lees anthocyanins was proposed.
To establish environmentally friendly extraction methods for the anthocyanins in wine lees, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were investigated as a green alternative to conventional solvents, coupled with high-efficiency ultrasound-assisted extraction. Screening for the optimal NADES for this extraction was initially performed. A choline–chloride-based NADES with malic acid as the hydrogen bond donor was selected as the most promising, which provided more effective extraction of wine lees anthocyanins compared to a conventional solvent. To optimise this extraction of wine lees anthocyanins using the NADES and ultrasound-assisted extraction, response surface methodology was successfully applied. Considering the maximum amount of extracted compounds, the optimal conditions were: extraction time, 30.6min; ultrasound power, 341.5W; and water content in NADES, 35.4% (w/w). This approach using NADES as a green solvent and ultrasound as an alternative energy source represents a good choice for designing eco-friendly extraction methods for phenolic compounds from various sources.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Due to the presence of bioactive compounds, fruits are an essential part of people’s healthy diet. However, endogenous ethylene produced by climacteric fruits and exogenous ethylene in the ...microenvironment could play a pivotal role in the physiological and metabolic activities, leading to quality losses during storage or shelf life. Moreover, due to the variety of fruits and complex scenarios, different ethylene control strategies need to be adapted to improve the marketability of fruits and maintain their high quality. Therefore, this study proposed an ethylene dynamic monitoring based on multi-strategies control to reduce the post-harvest quality loss of fruits, which was evaluated here for blueberries, sweet cherries, and apples. The results showed that the ethylene dynamic monitoring had rapid static/dynamic response speed (2 ppm/s) and accurately monitoring of ethylene content (99% accuracy). In addition, the quality parameters evolution (firmness, soluble solids contents, weight loss rate, and chromatic aberration) showed that the ethylene multi-strategies control could effectively reduce the quality loss of fruits studied, which showed great potential in improving the quality management of fruits in the supply chain.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Postharvest irradiation with blue light increases anthocyanin contents and quercetin glycosides in three apple cultivars.
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•Effects of blue-light irradiation versus control were ...generally cultivar dependent.•Irradiation with blue light increased anthocyanin content and PAL activity.•Anthocyanin composition of irradiated apples differed from naturally colored apples.•Blue light increased quercetin glycosides contents.•Blue-light is a promising tool to enhance apple color and nutritional quality.
The effects of postharvest blue-light irradiation on the accumulation of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds, and on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities and color development in the skin was investigated in fruit of three apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.). ‘Idared’, ‘Fuji’, and ‘Carjevič’ apples were harvested at the commercial maturity stage and irradiated or not with blue LEDs (peak wavelength 444 nm) at 8 °C for 7 days. Response to the irradiation was cultivar dependent. Anthocyanin accumulation was greatest in ‘Idared’ apples; however, the anthocyanins profile differed from that in the naturally colored apples. Twelve phenolic compounds were evaluated. Among these, chlorogenic acid and total flavonols increased in all cultivars after blue-light irradiation. Structure-specific responses of quercetin glycosides were detected in terms of the sugar moieties. Three out of six evaluated quercetin glycosides increased after irradiation, with the highest relative increase seen for quercetin 3-O-arabinopyranoside, followed by quercetin 3-O-galactoside and quercetin 3-O-glucoside. Contents of quercetin 3-O-arabinofuranoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside and quercetin 3-O-xyloside were not affected by irradiation. The highest phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity was seen for ‘Fuji’ apples after blue-light irradiation. Therefore, blue-light irradiation appears to be promising to enhance color and nutritional quality of apples.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Today, obesity is one of the major health problems, a so-called epidemic of the developed world. Obesity arises through an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, so it is important ...for products to have a balanced nutritional composition. The aim of this study is to prepare high-protein pasta with high nutritional quality, with emphasis on its amino acid composition, as ordinary durum pasta lacks lysine and threonine. Ordinary durum wheat pasta contains, on average, 77% carbohydrate, and can have even less than 10% protein. It is therefore often excluded from normal energy-restricted diets, and especially from low-carbohydrate diets. In this study pasta that can satisfy the nutritional requirements of a low-carbohydrate diet and is suitable for daily use was developed and evaluated. Protein-enhanced pasta was produced by adding high amounts of plant protein extract (40% dry matter) without (plain high-protein pasta) or with 3% dried spinach powder (high-protein spinach pasta) to durum wheat semolina. According to the sensory analysis data, the addition of 40% of plant protein extract satisfied sensory and nutritional requirements, allowing further development and evaluation for possible marketing. This analysis shows that these high-protein neutral and spinach pasta contain 36.4 and 39.6 g of protein per 100 g of dry mass, 12.07 and 14.70 g of total essential amino acids per 100 g of dry mass, and a high content of branched-chain amino acids,
5.54 and 6.65 g per 100 g of dry mass, respectively. This therefore represents a true alternative to durum wheat pasta for low-carbohydrate diets.
•Phenolic profiles of chicory are highly influenced by cultivar and fertilizer use.•33 Phenolics were extracted and further identified from the five chicory cultivars.•Hydroxycinnamic acids ...(chlorogenic, cichoric) are predominant phenolics.
Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a typical Mediterranean vegetable, and it shows great morphological diversity, including different leaf colours. Five cultivars commonly produced in Slovenia (‘Treviso’, ‘Verona’, ‘Anivip’, ‘Castelfranco’, ‘Monivip’) were grown in pots under controlled conditions in a glasshouse, with organic and/or mineral fertilizers administered to meet nitrogen requirements. HPLC analysis was carried out to study the phenolic compositions of the leaves. A total of 33 phenolic compounds were extracted from these chicory leaves and were quantitatively evaluated in an HPLC-DAD-based metabolomics study. Among the cultivars, the highest TPC was seen for ‘Treviso’ (300.1mg/100g FW), and the lowest, for ‘Castelfranco’ (124.9mg/100g FW). Across the different treatments, the highest TPC was in the control samples (254.3mg/100g FW), and the lowest for the organic (128.6mg/100g FW) and mineral fertilizer (125.5mg/100g FW) treatments. The predominant phenolic compounds in all of the samples were hydroxycinnamic acids, including chlorogenic and cichoric acid. Fertilizer administration provides a discriminant classification of the chicory cultivars according to their phenolic compounds.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a traditional European crop that is highly appreciated for its contents of bioactive compounds, especially phenolics, which have high antioxidant activities. Among ...other factors, agricultural practice might affect the contents of these bioactive compounds, which are also important from a nutritional point of view, and affect the shelf-life.
The antioxidant potential (AOP) of chicory plants treated with different fertilisers was investigated in vitro using DPPH radical scavenging and in vivo using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Additionally, total phenolics content (TPC) was evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and total flavonoids content (TFC) using the aluminium chloride method. Four different chicory cultivars were included: 'Treviso', 'Verona' and 'Anivip' as red cultivars; and 'Castelfranco' as a red-spotted cultivar. These were grown in pots under controlled glasshouse conditions using organic and/or mineral fertilisers. The combination of organic and mineral fertilisers during red chicory growth resulted in significantly higher in-vitro and in-vivo AOPs compared to the control. For the red-spotted cultivar 'Castelfranco', this combined organic and mineral fertilisation decreased AOPs in vitro and increased AOPs in vivo. Among the cultivars examined, 'Castelfranco' treated with combined organic plus mineral fertilisers showed the highest AOP in vivo, accompanied by the lowest TPC and TFC.
These data show that application of different fertilisers has different impacts on red and red-spotted chicory cultivars in terms of TFC and TPC, which for red-spotted chicory resulted in different AOPs in vitro and in vivo. The in-vitro AOP is well reflected in the in-vivo AOP for the red chicory cultivars, but less so for the red-spotted cultivar 'Castelfranco'. Based on the in-vivo AOPs for these chicory cultivars analysed, the combined organic plus mineral fertiliser treatment is recommended.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Proper nutrition is an essential part of an individual’s defence against numerous diseases including coronavirus disease SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19). Nutritional status of individual is affected by several ...factors such as age, sex, health status, physical activity, life style and medications. Optimal nutrition and dietary nutrient intake impact the immune system, therefore the sustainable way to survive in current context is to strengthen the immune system. Inadequate intake of energy, protein, and specific micronutrients are associated with depressed immune function and increased susceptibility to infection. Predominantly vital for the encouraging of immune function are elements selenium, iron and zinc and vitamins A, D, C, E, B6, B9 (folate) and B12 as well as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, during this time it is important to take care of nutritional habits, following a healthy and balanced nutritional pattern containing a high amount of elements, antioxidants and vitamins. It is also recommended, that individuals should be mindful of physical activity, known to be associated with all-cause mortality. Regular physical activity also improves mental health and overall feelings of wellbeing. Thus, now in the time of epidemic, more than ever, wider access to healthy foods should be a top priority for governments around the world
Orthotic and prosthetic materials should have good mechanical and antibacterial properties. Therefore, in our study, we consider four common foamed closed-cells and two solid polymeric materials ...regarding their mechanical behaviour and tendency for bacterial adhesion. For all materials, the surface roughness, hydrophobicity, zeta potential, tensile properties, hardness and CIE color parameters were measured. We found that foamed polymeric materials have higher roughness, higher hydrophobicity, lower Young’s modulus, lower maximum tensile strength and lower hardness than solid materials. Bacterial adhesion test measurements based on observation by scanning electron microscopy show much a lower adhesion extent of S. aureus on solid materials than on foamed materials. The measured biophysical properties could be the key data for users to select the optimal materials.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Apples have long been known for their beneficial effects on human health due to the presence of various bioactive compounds. It is therefore very important to understand the biophysical properties of ...apple cuticle that dictate apples’ storability and quality. The purpose of this work was to determine the roughness, hydrophobicity, surface potential, and color of various autochthonous and new apple cultivars. The surface roughness was measured by optical profilometer, hydrophobicity by tensiometer, zeta potential by electro kinetic analyser, and surface color by chroma meter. Measurements reveal that the new cultivar Elstar has the roughest surface while the autochthonous cultivar Crown Prince Rudolph has the lowest roughness. Under normal physiological conditions, all apple surfaces were negatively charged, with Wax apple having the lowest and Crown Prince Rudolph the highest values; most cultivars had an isoelectric point at around pH = 3. The surfaces of the new cultivars were slightly more hydrophobic than those of the autochthonous. We conclude that autochthonous and new apple cultivars differ in biophysical surface properties, which might impact transpiration, bacterial/fungi adhesion and, consequently, apple storage and shelf life potential.
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