Highlights • Kinect sensor was used as a markerless motion capture system (MLS). • Results were compared with marker based system (MBS). • Four kind of motions were performed. • Measured range of ...motion was found statistically different between systems. • MLS reproducibility was found to be statistically similar to MBS.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract In the last decade, technological advances in the gaming industry have allowed the marketing of hardware for motion and balance control that is based on technological concepts similar to ...scientific and clinical equipment. Such hardware is attractive to researchers and clinicians for specific applications. However, some questions concerning their scientific value and the range of future potential applications have yet to be answered. This article attempts to present an objective analysis about the pros and cons of using such hardware for scientific and clinical purposes and calls for a constructive discussion based on scientific facts and practical clinical requests that are emerging from application fields.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
Highlights • Maturation and decline of nervous system affects motor control and function. • Serious games are becoming popular in rehabilitation. • Motions analysis is combined with rehabilitation ...exercises embedded in serious games. • Patterns of the motions are correlated with age. • Serious games can be used to perform functional evaluation
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
•Reviewed the use of serious games in rehabilitation of CP children.•31 studies were included.•There is a lack of standardization in the outcome measurement.•There is a limited evidence to support ...the use of SG with CP children.•Solutions exist to improve standardization, but require clinical acceptance prior to full implementation.
The use of video games in rehabilitation is becoming more popular to clinicians. These games are embedded in off-the-shelf commercial entertainment applications or especially-developed for clinical purposes. Treatment of cerebral palsy (CP) children is a challenging task for clinicians. Lack of motivation and progress monitoring are two important factors clinicians need to deal with. The use of serious games (SG), sometimes referred to as Virtual Rehabilitation (VR), could therefore be an interesting adjuvant to conventional treatment for these patients. This is however a new discipline and many scientific issues remain to be solved. The aim of this paper is to describe available conventional treatment for CP children together with the level of evidence of each approach. A systematic review of the use of SG in rehabilitation is then conducted. 31 papers (7 randomized clinical trials, 16 cohort studies and 8 single-cases studies) were selected and analyzed, and their level of evidence compared to the conventional treatment. These studies reported outcomes for 352 patients. In summary, this review shows that it is difficult to compare those studies despite the large amount of patients. This is due to the lack of standardization in patient rehabilitation strategy and to the use of various clinical scales and scores. This non-standardization in patient follow-up between previously-published works make evidence-based conclusions difficult to obtain in order to support these techniques objectively. The use of SG for rehabilitation purposes currently meets similar issues. This paper proposes standardization strategies in order to improve treatment comparison and SG use in rehabilitation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
The recent availability of the Kinect™ sensor, a low-cost Markerless Motion Capture (MMC) system, could give new and interesting insights into ergonomics (e.g. the creation of a morphological ...database). Extensive validation of this system is still missing. The aim of the study was to determine if the Kinect™ sensor can be used as an easy, cheap and fast tool to conduct morphology estimation. A total of 48 subjects were analysed using MMC. Results were compared with measurements obtained from a high-resolution stereophotogrammetric system, a marker-based system (MBS). Differences between MMC and MBS were found; however, these differences were systematically correlated and enabled regression equations to be obtained to correct MMC results. After correction, final results were in agreement with MBS data (p = 0.99). Results show that measurements were reproducible and precise after applying regression equations. Kinect™ sensors-based systems therefore seem to be suitable for use as fast and reliable tools to estimate morphology.
Practitioner Summary: The Kinect™ sensor could eventually be used for fast morphology estimation as a body scanner. This paper presents an extensive validation of this device for anthropometric measurements in comparison to manual measurements and stereophotogrammetric devices. The accuracy is dependent on the segment studied but the reproducibility is excellent.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Biomedical science and its allied disciplines are entering a new era in which computational methods and technologies are poised to play a prevalent role in supporting collaborative investigation of ...the human body. Within Europe, this has its focus in the virtual physiological human (VPH), which is an evolving entity that has emerged from the EuroPhysiome initiative and the strategy for the EuroPhysiome (STEP) consortium. The VPH is intended to be a solution to common infrastructure needs for physiome projects across the globe, providing a unifying architecture that facilitates integration and prediction, ultimately creating a framework capable of describing Homo sapiens in silico. The routine reliance of the biomedical industry, biomedical research and clinical practice on information technology (IT) highlights the importance of a tailor-made and robust IT infrastructure, but numerous challenges need to be addressed if the VPH is to become a mature technological reality. Appropriate investment will reap considerable rewards, since it is anticipated that the VPH will influence all sectors of society, with implications predominantly for improved healthcare, improved competitiveness in industry and greater understanding of (patho)physiological processes. This paper considers issues pertinent to the development of the VPH, highlighted by the work of the STEP consortium.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Breathing pattern or pulmonary pathologies influence the balance.•There is a lack of tool to easily assess balance under various inspiratory loads.•Wii Balance Board has not been validated yet in ...this context.•WBB can be used detect the effect of breathing on the balance of young healthy subjects.
There is a link between breathing and balance and posture. When the inspiratory loads are increased by pathologies, there is a decrease of postural control. The increase of the inspiratory load on respiratory muscles is a common feature in various chronic pulmonary pathologies. Consequently, the balance of those patients is likely affected.
The aim of this study is to validate the use of the Nintendo Wii Balance Board (WBB) to assess balance modifications induced by increased respiratory loads in healthy subjects.
Thirty-seven healthy young participants (25 ± 4 years old, 17 women) participated in this study. Five different conditions were tested: without anything (control), throughout a mouthpiece, and throughout three inspiratory threshold loads (ITL) at 10% (low), 40% (mid) and 60% (high) of the maximal inspiratory pressure. Each trial lasted for 60 s. Nine parameters were extracted based on center of pressure displacement based on a previously-validated method. ANOVA tests were used to compare the different conditions followed by Bonferroni’s corrections.
Highly statistically significant differences (all p < 0.01) and large effect sizes (all ω2 > 0.24) were obtained for all parameters between the different loads and the mouthpiece condition. There is a linear relationship between the load and balance perturbation.
In this study, we demonstrated the validity of the WBB to detect the effect of the inspiratory load on balance in young healthy subjects. Further studies are needed to determine if such a kind of evaluation can be used in clinics with patients suffering from chronic respiratory disease.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Modeling tools related to the musculoskeletal system have been previously developed. However, the integration of the real underlying functional joint behavior is lacking and therefore ...available kinematic models do not reasonably replicate individual human motion. In order to improve our understanding of the relationships between muscle behavior, i.e. excursion and motion data, modeling tools must guarantee that the model of joint kinematics is correctly validated to ensure meaningful muscle behavior interpretation. This paper presents a model-based method that allows fusing accurate joint kinematic information with motion analysis data collected using either marker-based stereophotogrammetry (MBS) (i.e. bone displacement collected from reflective markers fixed on the subject's skin) or markerless single-camera (MLS) hardware. This paper describes a model-based approach (MBA) for human motion data reconstruction by a scalable registration method for combining joint physiological kinematics with limb segment poses. The presented results and kinematics analysis show that model-based MBS and MLS methods lead to physiologically-acceptable human kinematics. The proposed method is therefore available for further exploitation of the underlying model that can then be used for further modeling, the quality of which will depend on the underlying kinematic model.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Quadric surface fitting of joint surface areas is often performed to allow further processing of joint component size, location and orientation (pose), or even to determine soft tissue ...wrapping by collision detection and muscle moment arm evaluation. This study aimed to determine, for the femoral bone, if the position of its morphological joint centers and the shape morphology could be approximated using regression methods with satisfactory accuracy from a limited amount of palpable anatomical landmarks found on the femoral bone surface. The main aim of this paper is the description of the pipeline allowing on one hand the data collection and database storage of femoral bone characteristics, and on the other hand the determination of regression relationships from the available database. The femoral bone components analyzed in this study included the diaphysis, all joint surfaces (shape, location and orientation of the head, condyles and femoro-patellar surface) and their respective spatial relationships (e.g., cervico-diaphyseal angle, cervico-bicondylar angle, intercondylar angle, etc.). A total of 36 morphological characteristics are presented and can be estimated by regression method in in-vivo applications from the spatial location of 3 anatomical landmarks (lateral epicondyle, medial epicondyle and greater trochanter) located on the individual under investigation. The method does not require any a-priori knowledge on the functional aspect of the joint. In-vivo and in-vitro validations have been performed using data collected from medical imaging by virtual palpation and data collected directly on a volunteer using manual palpation through soft tissue. The prediction accuracy for most of the 36 femoral characteristics determined from virtual palpation was satisfactory, mean (SD) distance and orientation errors were 2.7(2.5) mm and 6.8(2.7)°, respectively. Manual palpation data allowed good accuracy for most femoral features, mean (SD) distance and orientation errors were 4.5(5.2) mm and 7.5(5.3)°, respectively. Only the in-vivo location estimation of the femoral head was worse (position error=23.2 mm). In conclusion, results seem to show that the method allows in-vivo femoral joint shape prediction and could be used for further development (e.g., surface collision, muscle wrapping, muscle moment arm estimation, joint surface dimensions, etc.) in gait analysis-related applications.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
The Virtual Physiological Human (VPH) is a European initiative, rooted in the international Physiome initiative, focusing on establishing a methodological and technological framework, enabling the ...collaborative investigation of the human body as a single complex system. This collective framework will facilitate the sharing of resources and observations formed by different institutions and organizations, and the creation of disparate but integrated computer models of the mechanical, physical and biochemical functions of a living human body. The VPH initiative has laid the foundation for integrating heterogeneous data sources into mechanistic computer models of most anatomical systems.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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