This study examines the prevalence of emotional appeals in COVID-19-themed brand advertisements from around the world in the months immediately following the World Health Organization’s declaration ...of the coronavirus outbreak as a pandemic. The study analyses the frequencies of use of positive and negative emotional appeals in the content of the ads, and concurrent combinations of such appeals. A content analysis was conducted on a sample of 376 ads from the “Ads of The World” digital archive. The results reveal a preference for positive emotions, with nurturance and affiliation being the most frequent. Sorrow was the third most preferred emotional appeal, and the most used negative emotion. Some brands have compared the virus to a hurricane (Brazil), an assassin with a chainsaw (US) or the death personified (Peru). Advertisers should be careful when using negative emotional appeal content during COVID-19. According to the law of apparent reality, during times of stress the recommendation is to be cautious with negative emotions, as they may be felt more intensely by consumers. Advertising has a social responsibility, which can be directed at promoting consumer behaviours that leave a positive or negative impact on their communities. In a situation such as the pandemic, brand communication professionals must use emotions rigorously, employing this resource to contribute to society, avoiding giving rise to harmful attitudes or behaviours. The research findings are consistent with the literature and lead to future examination of emotional appeals in advertising in stressful and uncertain circumstances.
Los directivos de marketing toman constantes decisiones relativas a la publicidad. Sin embargo, escasa literatura ha examinado su entendimiento sobre cómo funciona la publicidad. Este estudio analiza ...si el razonamiento subyacente en las decisiones publicitarias de los directivos de marketing se basa o es concordante con lo reportado en la literatura científica sobre el funcionamiento y efectividad publicitaria. Se llevó a cabo un análisis cualitativo y una técnica de análisis de codificación estructural, basados en las proposiciones de un metaanálisis sobre efectividad publicitaria centrado en los insumos y resultados de la publicidad. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante entrevistas con directores de marketing de diversos sectores. Los hallazgos indican que el razonamiento subyacente a las decisiones se basa en la experiencia profesional y en suposiciones implícitas, sin necesidad de respaldar su razonamiento con conocimientos procedentes de la literatura. Este estudio proporciona datos sobre el alcance en la comprensión de los directores de marketing sobre el funcionamiento de la publicidad y cómo esta comprensión influye en sus decisiones.
Purpose
Much research has been conducted on how consumption is related to human relationships. Only a scarcity of studies has examined brand and product selection, as well as the consumption ...activities that individuals follow when pursuing a sense of group belonging. The literature comprises a single theoretical framework describing this phenomenon, a nascent proposition on which further research remains undeveloped. This study aims to examine the transferability of that theoretical framework in a different context to that used for its elaboration and its descriptive scope on purchasing goods and engaging in consumption activities to leverage belonging.
Design/methodology/approach
A deductive qualitative case study and pattern matching analysis technique were used, followed by structural coding analysis of interview data.
Findings
Findings reveal that the model is transferable, although its conceptual scope faces limitations. Individuals follow paths that need little or no excessive calculation in identifying a group to which they desire to belong, or the conduits to do so, and in certain cases the sense of belonging mediated by consumption is independent of display and confirmation by others. A refinement of the studied theoretical framework was carried out based on the findings, proposing an alternative framework termed the belonging-oriented consumption model, which provides a basis for future research on consumption related to pursuing a sense of belonging.
Research limitations/implications
This study was limited to analysing those events in which consumption for the purpose of pursuing group belonging is intentional. However, much of our consumption happens in a nuanced and unreflective way, and the same must go for consumption related to belonging.
Practical implications
The symbolic meaning that consumers attach to products and brands can vary based on how they are used and how consumers pursue a sense of belonging. The personality and distinctiveness of a product is influenced by the relationship between individuals and its use. Managers can establish concepts and elements of brand identity that ease brand display as a sign of belonging. They can also promote brand salience when the brand is used as a belonging conduit.
Originality/value
This study is significant because there is limited development in the academic literature, nor agreement among the authors, of a model that describes the components of consumption oriented towards pursuing a sense of group belonging. The author proposes the belonging-oriented consumption model, which provides a theoretical basis for future research on this topic.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect on brand name recall in advertisements with varying levels of female sexual objectification content among young millennials and the effect ...of distraction on this recall effort. The question arises whether this group evokes those brands that appear in advertisements using different levels of objectification content.
Design/methodology/approach
The study uses a correlational design that includes two studies with different groups of subjects: an assessment of perceived female sexual objectification levels in a set of ads and a quasi-experimental study that used the assessed perceived levels of female objectification and brand name short-term recall scores of those ads, with and without the intervention of an attention distractor.
Findings
Results suggest that female sexual objectification content exerts a limited influence on brand name recall between participants. In addition, it is not men who remember brand names from ads using sexual objectified images, but young women.
Research limitations/implications
The study had an exploratory scope and used a small non-probabilistic sample. Subjects belong to a cultural context of Western world developing economy, and thus perceived female objectification may vary between different cultural settings. Results refer to graphic advertisements, though this cohort is exposed to other audiovisual content platforms.
Originality/value
Several studies have addressed female objectification in advertising and media, but few focused on young Latin American audiences and its impact on the recollection of advertised brands. Brand name retention and awareness is still a relevant variable that the advertising industry takes in account as one of several predictors toward buying decisions. Even less research has been made on Latin American social and cultural contexts.
Research shows that consumption correlates with the experience of subjective well-being. However, there is little literature on this phenomenon among young people. This exploratory study aims to know ...how university students perceive that consumption and brands intervene on subjective well-being and identify the elements they consider in their consumption behaviors aimed at obtaining well-being. A qualitative methodology of phenomenological design was used, with university students from the city of Lima. The analysis followed a process of descriptive coding. The experience of consumption and well-being reveals itself as a phenomenon relative to each person, in particular their sense of need and value framework about material goods, factors that seem to be modulated by their family environment. Young people find in purchase practices and brands a conduit to meet their social needs, specifically belonging and acceptance in groups.
Investigaciones señalan que el consumo se correlaciona con la experiencia de bienestar subjetivo. No obstante, es poca la literatura que trata sobre este fenómeno entre jóvenes. Este estudio exploratorio tiene por objeto conocer el modo en que estudiantes universitarios perciben que el consumo y las marcas intervienen sobre el bienestar subjetivo, e identificar los elementos que consideran en sus conductas de consumo destinadas a obtener bienestar. Se uso una metodología cualitativa de diseño fenomenológico, con estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Lima. El análisis siguió un proceso de codificación descriptiva. La experiencia de consumo y bienestar manifiesta ser un fenómeno relativo a cada persona, en particular su sentido de necesidad y marco valorativo de lo material, factores que parecen ser modulados por el entorno familiar. Los jóvenes encuentran en los actos de compra y las marcas un conducto para atender sus necesidades sociales, específicamente la pertenencia y aceptación en grupos.
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The spread of fake news on social media networks is on the rise, prompting a special interest in identification and coping skills among news consumers so that they can filter out misleading ...information. Studies suggest seniors share more fake news on social media; despite this, there is little literature analysing how they behave when faced with fake news. This study examines how baby boomer women handle fake news on Facebook, and the role of family members in contributing to their digital literacy in dealing with this phenomenon. A qualitative thematic analysis study was conducted using information obtained from interviews; the findings revealed that participants recognised that they could identify fake news, but were not always able to do so because of a lack of supplemental information about the news’ context or doubt about its source. Interviewees also revealed that they turned to trusted family members to assist them in developing fake news identification and filtering skills.
Investigaciones señalan que el consumo se correlaciona con la experiencia de bienestar subjetivo. No obstante, es poca la literatura que trata sobre este fenómeno entre jóvenes. Este estudio ...exploratorio tiene por objeto conocer el modo en que estudiantes universitarios perciben que el consumo y las marcas intervienen sobre el bienestar subjetivo, e identificar los elementos que consideran en sus conductas de consumo destinadas a obtener bienestar. Se uso una metodología cualitativa de diseño fenomenológico, con estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Lima. El análisis siguió un proceso de codificación descriptiva. La experiencia de consumo y bienestar manifiesta ser un fenómeno relativo a cada persona, en particular su sentido de necesidad y marco valorativo de lo material, factores que parecen ser modulados por el entorno familiar. Los jóvenes encuentran en los actos de compra y las marcas un conducto para atender sus necesidades sociales, específicamente la pertenencia y aceptación en grupos.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
El artículo expone el tránsito que ha seguido el concepto de familiaridad de marca desde que fue abordado en la década del setenta, su definición técnica en el campo de las comunicaciones de ...marketing y los estudios del consumidor, hasta su comprensión y uso actual. Para ello, se ha revisado la literatura publicada en las revistas académicas entre 1970 y el 2010. El estudio observa que, en los últimos decenios, la investigación ha abordado el término desde una perspectiva de procesamiento de la información, particularmente en el efecto moderador de la familiaridad de marca en distintos esfuerzos cognitivos y perceptuales.
En la literatura se ha establecido el concepto de familiaridad de marca como una construcción unidimensional, compuesta sólo por factores cognitivos. Con base en esa concepción se han desarrollado ...distintos estudios sobre la familiaridad y su carácter moderador sobre diversos efectos en el comportamiento del consumidor. El artículo presenta dos hipótesis críticas a la perspectiva unidimensional del concepto y plantea una composición multidimensional del mismo. Se realiza una argumentación teórica y un estudio cualitativo de jóvenes consumidores de máquinas de afeitar. Los resultados exponen la validez de una composición multivariable de familiaridad.
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