The paper analyzes the use of verb forms in the speech of the village of
Priluzje near Vucitrn. The inventory of syntactic units and their
syntactico-semantic conditions of use is determined, as well ...as the
stylistic effects that individual units achieve on the functional level. It
has been shown that the Priluzje dialect has a relatively preserved and
stable system of verb forms. Present and future tense have a stable position
in the system of this dialect, while the future II tense has become
obsolete. In addition to its primary function of indicating actions that
belong to the present, the present tense is also used in its secondary
function to denote past and future actions. Future I is used exclusively to
indicate future actions, and there are no confirmations of its temporal
transposition. The system of past tenses consists of the perfect tense,
which belongs to a group of high-frequency units, and aorist and past
perfect, which are comparatively more rarely used. There is no evidence of
the use of imperfect in the recorded data, which implies that this verb form
has been eliminated in this part of the Serbian ethnolinguistic territory.
Modal verb forms - imperative and potential - are frequent in this idiom and
are used as temporally transposed units in addition to their primary modal
function. Past repeated actions can also be marked with narrative potential
and imperative (in this function, their synonym is narrative present), while
past individual actions are expressed exclusively by narrative imperative.
The present participle is noted in some examples, while there is no past
participle in this dialect. The active participle is used in the composition
of complex verb forms, and its position in the system is stable, while the
passive participle has a lower frequency.
This paper analyzes the pronoun sto and its semantic and syntactic
derivatives in the Prizren - South Morava dialect in the Sirinic county
(Sirinicka Zupa), in the northern part of the Sar Mountains. ...The paper
focuses primarily on the syntactic use of sto, while its semantic
derivatives are outlined mainly in terms of references to the previous
research on the subject. The dialect corpus shows that this lexeme has a
wide range of syntactic realizations - it can be used as a relativizer in
defining and non-defining relative clauses, as a conjunction in the
clauses of reason and declarative clauses, and it can also be used as a
pronoun and adverb. Moreover, the research includes the cases in which sto
was found to be a part of multi-word conjunctions in hypotactic or
paratactic structures. This paper primarily aims to determine and examine
the syntactic positions in which sto is realized and the environment in
which it is used. In the majority of the observed cases, there were also
other corresponding syntactic devices, so that the focus was also placed on
determining the frequency of the lexeme sto in these positions in relation
to its synonymous syntactic counterparts. The fact that the form sto is
widely used in the Sirinic vernacular as a conjunction in relative clauses
points to its provenance in a wider Serbian-Macedonian area as well as to
its not being included in the standard Serbian language, in lieu of which
the form koji is predominantly used. In the vernacular of Sirinic county,
the lexeme sto is used as a conjunction in declarative object clauses, and
it is also the principal conjunction in the clauses of reason.
This paper analyzes the use of the imperative in the vernacular of the
Sirinic Zupa in the north Sar Mountains. The corpus of this dialect
indicates that the imperative functions as a syntactic unit ...with a broad
syntactic and semantic range. Syntactic, semantic and stylistic features of
the imperative are determined on the basis of its primary modal meaning, but
also on the basis of its secondary meaning when it refers to single or
habitual actions in the past, which are typically repetitive. It turned out
that the imperative is stable in all three functional domains of the same
vernacular and that it is not suppressed by isofunctional units, i.e. those
with similar syntactic or semantic features. Finally, it was found that the
imperative has an expressive value when it undergoes temporal transposition,
which makes it a stylogenic unit.
This paper analyzes the use of Future I to denote habitual actions in the
vernacular of Sirinic. The analysis shows that Future I is a high-frequency
unit when it refers to effects of what happened ...in the past as a custom,
habit or part of a sequence. The use of Future with this meaning developed
as its secondary trait, but this form was eventually suppressed from other
domains of use and it was narrowed down to denoting a habitual action. The
basic syntactic and semantic features of this future form with this time
reference are its reference to a repeated action or a succession of events
and its ability to denote the timeline of the effects of the action and its
reference to wishes and commands more clearly. Furthermore, a future
referring to the past is stylistically marked and thus appears as an
expressive unit within the system, which is why it is typical of emotional
discourse. In the Shtokavian area, Future I for habitual actions is only
known in the Sirinic vernacular and in a few neighboring ones concentrated
around the Sar Mountains. On the other hand, this unit is also frequent in
Macedonian and Bulgarian and in some non-Slavic languages spoken in the
Balkans, which is why the authors also investigate the presence of this
feature in those languages.
This paper analyzes verb tenses which primarily refer to past actions in the
vernacular of the Sirinic Zupa in the northern part of the Sar Mountains. The
authors ascertain the inventory of forms ...which make up the preterite system
of this vernacular, the syntactic and semantic conditions of their use,
stylistic potential of each unit and the linguistic circumstances that make
(im)possible their combining or interchangeability at the sentence level or
within more extensive narrative sections. It turned out that the perfect has
the most stable position - it is the most frequent form with the widest
domain of use, while the aorist is the basic form which denotes actions
experienced in the past stated by perfective verbs, and its place within the
system is relatively stable. The past tense is most commonly used in
stylistically neutral narration which involves zero emotional engagement,
while the information about experiencing the action (or its lack) is usually
absent from the narrative level or is part of the broader context, since it
is not one of the primary perfective forms. When composing the narration,
i.e. when recounting more complex events, the past tense is not normally used
autonomously; it is combined with other forms of more specified semantics
(aorist, imperfect, narrative imperative, future or present in the past). The
role of the past tense in these contexts is to localize actions in time and
to prepare for their introduction, while other forms give information on
whether the effect of the action was experienced (aorist, imperfect), on
whether the action was repetitive in the past (imperative, future), and the
like. The imperfect is characterized by a much narrower use, while its
syntactic and semantic potential is limited, which points to the fact that
the process of its elimination is well under way, while the pluperfect has
almost disappeared from the system.
This paper analyzes the pronoun što and its semantic and syntactic derivatives in the Prizren – South Morava dialect in the Sirinić county (Sirinićka Župa), in the northern part of the Šar Mountains. ...The paper focuses primarily on the syntactic use of što, while its semantic derivatives are outlined mainly in terms of references to the previous research on the subject. The dialect corpus shows that this lexeme has a wide range of syntactic realizations – it can be used as a relativizer in defi ning and non-defi ning relative clauses, as a conjunction in the clauses of reason and declarative clauses, and it can also be used as a pronoun and adverb. Moreover, the research includes the cases in which što was found to be a part of multi-word conjunctions in hypotactic or paratactic structures. This paper primarily aims to determine and examine the syntactic positions in which što is realized and the environment in which it is used. In the majority of the observed cases, there were also other corresponding syntactic devices, so that the focus was also placed on determining the frequency of the lexeme što in these positions in relation to its synonymous syntactic counterparts. The fact that the form što is widely used in the Sirinić vernacular as a conjunction in relative clauses points to its provenance in a wider Serbian-Macedonian area as well as to its not being included in the standard Serbian language, in lieu of which the form koji is predominantly used. In the vernacular of Sirinić county, the lexeme što is used as a conjunction in declarative object clauses, and it is also the principal conjunction in the clauses of reason.
This paper analyzes the use of the imperative in the vernacular of the Sirinić Župa in the north Šar Mountains. The corpus of this dialect indicates that the imperative functions as a syntactic unit ...with a broad syntactic and semantic range. Syntactic, semantic and stylistic features of the imperative are determined on the basis of its primary modal meaning, but also on the basis of its secondary meaning when it refers to single or habitual actions in the past, which are typically repetitive. It turned out that the imperative is stable in all three functional domains of the same vernacular and that it is not suppressed by isofunctional units, i.e. those with similar syntactic or semantic features. Finally, it was found that the imperative has an expressive value when it undergoes temporal transposition, which makes it a stylogenic unit.
This paper analyzes the use of Future I to denote habitual actions in the vernacular of Sirinić. The analysis shows that Future I is a high-frequency unit when it refers to effects of what happened ...in the past as a custom, habit or part of a sequence. The use of Future with this meaning developed as its secondary trait, but this form was eventually suppressed from other domains of use and it was narrowed down to denoting a habitual action. The basic syntactic and semantic features of this future form with this time reference are its reference to a repeated action or a succession of events and its ability to denote the timeline of the effects of the action and its reference to wishes and commands more clearly. Furthermore, a future referring to the past is stylistically marked and thus appears as an expressive unit within the system, which is why it is typical of emotional discourse. In the Shtokavian area, Future I for habitual actions is only known in the Sirinić vernacular and in a few neighboring ones concentrated around the Šar Mountains. On the other hand, this unit is also frequent in Macedonian and Bulgarian and in some non-Slavic languages spoken in the Balkans, which is why the authors also investigate the presence of this feature in those languages.
This paper analyzes verb tenses which primarily refer to past actions in the vernacular of the Sirinić Župa in the northern part of the Šar Mountains. The authors ascertain the inventory of forms ...which make up the preterite system of this vernacular, the syntactic and semantic conditions of their use, stylistic potential of each unit and the linguistic circumstances that make (im)possible their combining or interchange ability at the sentence level or within more extensive narrative sections. It turned out that the perfect has the most stable position – it is the most frequent form with the widest domain of use, while the aorist is the basic form which denotes actions experienced in the past stated by perfective verbs, and its place within the system is relatively stable. The past tense is most commonly used in stylistically neutral narration which involves zero emotional engagement, while the information about experiencing the action (or its lack) is usually absent from the narrative level or is part of the broader context, since it is not one of the primary perfective forms. When composing the narration, i.e. when recounting more complex events, the past tense is not normally used autonomously; it is combined with other forms of more specified semantics (aorist, imperfect, narrative imperative, future or present in the past). The role of the past tense in these contexts is to localize actions in time and to prepare for their introduction, while other forms give information on whether the effect of the action was experienced (aorist, imperfect), on whether the action was repetitive in the past (imperative, future), and the like. The imperfect is characterized by a much narrower use, while its syntactic and semantic potential is limited, which points to the fact that the process of its elimination is well under way, while the pluperfect has almost disappeared from the system.
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