Starting from the ecological framework, the present study aimed to examine the mediating effects of parental supervision and school climate on the relationship between exosystem variables (time spent ...with media and perceived neighbourhood dangerousness) and peer aggression problems (peer aggression and victimisation). The participants were 880 primary school students. The data were analysed with multiple regression. The results show that both mediators (parental supervision and school climate) have statistically significant partial mediating effects on peer aggression and victimisation. If students experienced more parental supervision, there was a decrease in the relationship between a) time spent with media and peer aggression, and b) perceived neighbourhood dangerousness and peer aggression and victimisation. Identical findings were obtained for positive school climate. Thus, positive school climate and parental supervision served as protective factors against the negative influence of dangerous neighbourhoods and excessive use of media on peer aggression problems.
Using the theoretical framework of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model of peer aggression, the aim of the present study was to examine if we could use the same predictors of peer aggression at schools ...for boys and girls. The research included 880 participants, elementary school students from the fifth to the eighth grade, who self-estimated aggressive behavior toward their peers, affective empathy, impulsivity, parental behavior, peer acceptance, a number of friends, exposure to media, school climate, perception of neighborhood dangerousness, and also nominated aggressive peers and gave data about the school achievement and a number of friends. The same number of their parents gave data about family SES, while 107 teachers estimated attendance of parents at the parent-teacher meetings and other school events. Multi-variate multilevel modeling revealed different predictors of boys vs girls peer aggression. Selected predictors of ecological model better explained peer aggression in boys than in girls. The main differences were in individual characteristic and family microsystem, whereas more statistically significant predictors were for boys, while some distal predictors in an interaction with individual characteristics and family microsystem were important in the ex-planation of boys’ aggressive behavior. The overall results indicate that gender, as a biological category, had a strong influence on peer aggression. Psychological characteristics, as well as parental upbringing, better explained boys’ than girls’ aggressive behavior. These findings are very important for the school policy, which means that the intervention and prevention programs for peer aggression should differ depending on the child’s gender.
The study aimed to determine the methodological particularities present in research on contemporary childhood. The study methodology involves an analysis of Croatian journals in which the subject of ...contemporary childhood has been published in the last two years. The inclusion criteria for article analysis were as follows: Social Science discipline, field of Pedagogy and Psychology, participants’ age (from 6 to 14 years) and the visibility of the journal citation. The analysis of the contemporary approach included methodological particularities. The results show that these studies of contemporary childhood do not apply “contemporary” approaches to the examination of childhood.
Stres učitelja sveprisutan je u školama, a učiteljeve demografske i razredne karakteristike te školska klima i socijalna podrška važni su za percepciju razine stresa. Cilj istraživanja bio je ...provjera povezanosti razine stresa s demografskim karakteristikama i karakteristikama razreda te sa školskom klimom i socijalnom podrškom kod 311 hrvatskih učitelja razredne nastave. Učitelji su ispunili Skalu za mjerenje izvora nastavničkog stresa, Skalu socijalnih zaliha i Upitnik školske klime te su dali demografske podatke i podatke o razrednom odjelu i školi u kojoj rade. Rezultati su pokazali da demografske karakteristike nisu značajne u odnosu na razinu stresa, ali se od razrednih karakteristika broj učenika u razrednom odjelu pokazao značajnim za doživljaj stresa. Utvrdilo se i da učitelji koji doživljavaju višu razinu ukupnog stresa i višu razinu stresa uzrokovanog radnim opterećenjem i potrebom za profesionalnim priznanjem doživljavaju školsku klimu negativnijom te je viša razina stresa povezana i sa slabijom socijalnom podrškom.
Teacher stress is present in all schools, and teachers’ demographic and class characteristics and school climate as well as social support are important for perceiving stress levels. The aim of the research was to examine the correlation between stress level and demographic and class characteristics, as well as school climate and social support among 311 Croatian classroom teachers. The teachers completed the Sources of teacher stress scale, the Social provisions scale, and the School climate survey, and provided demographic, class and school information. The results showed that demographic characteristics were not significant in relation to the level of stress, but of the class characteristics, the number of students in the class proved significant for the experience of stress. It was also found that teachers who experience higher level of total stress and higher level of stress caused by workload and need for professional recognition experience a more negative school climate, and higher level of stress is also associated with poorer social support.
Objective: the aim of the study was to examine the mediating role of stress in associations between online risky behavior and three factors, namely, real-life risky behaviors and information security ...awareness as risk factors, and life satisfaction as a protective factor. Method: participants were university students (N=883, 40.5% male, and 59.5% female) with an average age of M=21.93 years (SD=4.29). They filled out the Users’ Information Security Awareness Questionnaire, Youth self-reported delinquency and risk behaviors questionnaire, Life satisfaction scale and Perceived Stress Scale. Result: Mediational analysis revealed a mediating role of stress: stress had a partially mediating role in the association between real-life risky behaviors and online risky behavior, making the association stronger. However, stress had a fully mediating role in the association between life satisfaction and online risky behavior, that is, the association was non-significant in the presence of stress. Conclusions: Overall results indicate that stress experienced in real-life situations can be a trigger for online risky behavior in adolescents. Under stressed conditions, adolescents choose to focus on negative outcomes more frequently because they refocus their cognitive resources on emotion regulation and leave inhibitory processes necessary to prevent risky behaviors uncontrolled.
Pozadina i cilj: Premda je COVID-19 dominantno respiratorna bolest, često je praćen i brojnim neurološkim simptomima. U sklopu sindroma post-COVID-19 bilježimo pojavu različitih simptoma, među njima ...i vrtoglavice, na koje treba obratiti posebnu pozornost u današnjoj otoneurološkoj dijagnostici, jer post-COVID-19 vrtoglavice čine ne mali udio od 12,66% u ukupnom broju pacijenata oboljelih od poremećaja ravnoteže. Ispitanici i metode: U studiji smo obuhvatili 40 pacijenata s vrtoglavicom, razvijenom u sklopu kroničnog sindroma COVID-19, koji su se na pregled javili nakon prosječno oko dva mjeseca od završetka infekcije SARS-CoV-2. Prikazali smo utjecaj bolesti na rezultate laboratorijskih pretraga vestibularnog sustava, među njima na videonistagmografiju (VNG), video head impulse test (vHIT) i vestibularne evocirane mišićne potencijale (VEMP). Rezultati: Među pacijentima je očekivano bila najveća skupina onih s akutnom jednostranom perifernom vestibulopatijom (AUPVP). Značajan udio činili su pacijenti s benignom paroksizmalnom položajnom vrtoglavicom (BPPV), a zabilježeni su i slučajevi vestibularne migrene i Ménièreove bolesti. Laboratorijska vestibulološka dijagnostika pokazala je značajno veći udio patoloških nalaza u dvotoplinskom testu prema Fitzgerald-Hallpikeu učinjenom u sklopu VNG baterije testova, u odnosu na nalaze vHIT i VEMP. Zaključak: Pokazalo se da kalorički test prema Fitzgerald-Hallpikeu koji ispituje vestibularnu funkciju u najnižim dijelovima vestibularnoga frekvencijskog spektra najbolje korelira s različitim oblicima akutnih i kroničnih vestibularnih lezija post-COVID-19, u odnosu na vHIT i VEMP pretrage. Ovo upućuje na zaključak da se u dijagnostici post-COVID-19 vrtoglavica možemo osloniti na Fitzgerald-Hallpikeov kalorički test kao na najpouzdaniji izvor podataka o stanju vestibularnog osjetila.
The aim of the research was to examine the moderating role of gender and the mediating role of age in predicting the school adjustment by self-evaluating the symptoms of ADHD. The study included 501 ...students from higher grades of primary school, out of which 50.7% were boys, and the average age was 12.72. They completed Hyperactivity-impulsivity-attention Scale, Self-efficacy Questionnaire for Children, and were given some general information. Research showed that gender had only main effect on the school success, meaning that being female predicted a better school success. Age had completely mediating role for symptoms of hyperactivity and a school success (i.e., as the students’ age increases, there is no correlation between hyperactivity and the school success), and a partial mediating role for symptoms of inattention and both measures of school adjustment (i.e., as the students’ age increases the correlation among symptoms of inattention and academic self-efficacy and school success become weaker).
Using the ecological approach, the goal of this study was to determine the predictors of physical and verbal peer aggressive behavior. The participants were 880 school students from the fifth to ...eighth grade (48% boys and 52% girls) and the same number of parents (19% fathers and 61% mothers) as well as 107 teachers. The main analysis was performed using multivariate–multilevel modeling. The following significant predictors of physical peer aggression were obtained: Boys, a greater degree of impulsivity, more parental punishment, poorer school success, more time spent with the media, and the perception of great neighborhood dangerousness. For verbal peer aggression, the significant predictors were: A greater degree of impulsivity, lower level of affective empathy, more parental punishment, lack of parental supervision, lesser peer acceptance, large differences in family income, more time spent with the media, and the perception of great neighborhood dangerousness. A moderating effect of neighborhood dangerousness and parental supervision was found. The results were interpreted within Bronfenbrenner's ecological model.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Cilj je istraživanja provjeriti povezanost učestalosti uporabe različitih medija (gledanje televizije, igranje računalnih igrica i korištenje interneta) s aspektima kognitivnog (školski uspjeh) i ...socijalno-emocionalnog razvoja (impulzivnost, afektivna empatija, broj prijatelja i vršnjačka prihvaćenost). Također, htjeli su se provjeriti moderatorski efekti roditeljskog prisustva i društva prijatelja na navedene povezanosti. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 880 učenika od petog do osmog razreda. Podaci o impulzivnosti, afektivnoj empatiji i izloženosti medijima prikupljeni su samoprocjenama. Učenici su dali još podatke o broju najboljih prijatelja, osjećaju prihvaćenosti i školskom uspjehu.
Povezanosti učestalosti korištenja različitih medija i aspekata kognitivnog i socijalno-emocionalnog razvoja uglavnom su niske. Najistaknutije su negativne povezanosti s afektivnom empatijom, i to osobito vrijeme provedeno igrajući igrice, te pozitivna povezanost s impulzivnošću, posebice s korištenjem interneta. Nešto je manja povezanost učestalosti korištenja medija s brojem prijatelja i vršnjačkom prihvaćenosti, dok je učestalost gledanja televizije blago negativno povezana sa školskim uspjehom.
Testirani su i moderacijski efekti socijalnog konteksta na povezanosti učestalosti korištenja medija i aspekata razvoja. Dobiveni su efekti vrlo mali i uglavnom vezani za odnos gledanja televizije i školskog uspjeha te učestalosti igranja računalnih igrica i odnosa s vršnjacima. Dobivena je negativna povezanost vremena gledanja televizije i školskog uspjeha samo kod onih koji to čine u društvu (roditelja i prijatelja), dok kod onih koji gledaju sami nije značajno različita od nule. Isto tako, pozitivan odnos vremena provedenog igrajući videoigrice i broja prijatelja nešto je manji kod onih koji to čine u društvu prijatelja te su blago pozitivni efekti učestalosti igranja igrica na vršnjačku prihvaćenost kod onih koji igraju sami, dok su blago negativni kod onih koji igraju u društvu roditelja. Svi efekti socijalnog konteksta i korištenja medija na aspekte razvoja djece vrlo su slabog intenziteta, a interpretirani su okviru Modela različite podložnosti utjecaju medija (DSMM; Valkenburg i Peter, 2013).
The aim of the study was to verify the relationship between the frequency of using different media (watching TV, playing computer games and browsing the Internet) with aspects of cognitive (academic achievement) and social-emotional development (impulsiveness, affective empathy, the number of friends and peer acceptance). The present study also investigated the moderating effects of the parental and peers presence on these relationships. Students from fifth to eighth grade (N=880) completed the questionnaires about the impulsiveness, affective empathy and exposure to media. Students also gave information about the number of best friends, feeling of peer acceptance and academic achievement.
The results show low correlations between the frequency of using different media and aspects of cognitive and social-emotional development. Negative correlations with affective empathy, especially time spent playing computer games, and positive correlations with impulsivity, especially with Internet use, are most prominent. Correlations between the frequency of using media and number of friends and peer acceptance are somewhat weaker, while there is a mild negative correlation between time spent watching television and academic achievement.
The moderating effects of the social context on the correlation of the frequency of media use and aspects of development have been tested. The results show very small effects and they are mainly related to the relationship between watching television and academic achievement, and the frequency of playing computer games and relationship with peers.
There is a negative correlation between time spent watching TV and academic achievement, but only for those children who do so in the company (parents and friends) while for those who are watching TV alone the correlation doesn't significantly differ from zero. Likewise, the obtained positive correlation between the time spent playing computer games and the number of friends is somewhat smaller for those who do it in the company of friends and there are slightly positive effects of the frequency of playing computer games on peer acceptance for those who play alone, while the mildly negative effects are obtained for those who play with parents. All the effects of the social context and the use of media on the aspects of child development are of very low intensity and they are interpreted in accordance with the Differential Susceptibility to Media effects Model (DSMM; Valkenburg & Peter, 2013).
El objetivo del trabajo fue verificar la conexión entre la frecuencia en el uso de diferentes medios de comunicación (ver la televisión, jugar a los vídeo juegos y navegar por internet) y los aspectos del desarrollo cognitivo (rendimiento escolar) y socio-emocional (impulsividad, empatía afectiva, número de amigos y aceptación entre coetáneos). Además, querían comprobarse los efectos moderadores de la presencia parental y compañía de amigos sobre dichas conexiones. En la investigación participaron 880 alumnos de la quinta a la octava clase. Los datos sobre la impulsividad, empatía afectiva y exposición a los medios de comunicación se obtuvieron a través de las autoevaluaciones. Los alumnos proporcionaron también datos sobre el número de amigos íntimos, sentimiento de la aceptación y rendimiento escolar.
La conexión entre la frecuencia en el uso de diferentes medios de comunicación y los aspectos del desarrollo cognitivo y socio-emocional en general es baja. Las más destacadas son las conexiones negativas con empatía afectiva, especialmente el tiempo usado para jugar a los vídeo juegos, tanto como conexión positiva con la impulsividad, en primer lugar, navegar por internet. En un grado menor se nota la conexión entre la frecuencia en el uso de diferentes medios de comunicación y el número de amigos y la aceptación entre coetáneos, mientras que la frecuencia en ver la televisión está un poco negativamente relacionada con el rendimiento escolar.
Se han evaluado también los efectos mediadores del contexto social sobre la conexión entre la frecuencia en el uso de los medios de comunicación y los aspectos de desarrollo. Efectos obtenidos son muy débiles y en mayor medida relacionados con el uso de la televisión y el rendimiento escolar, o con la frecuencia en jugar los vídeo juegos y la relación con los coetáneos. Se ha obtenido una conexión negativa entre el tiempo usado para ver la televisión y el rendimiento escolar sólo en aquellos que lo hacen en compañía (de padres y amigos), mientras que en aquellos que lo hacen solos no es significativamente diferente de cero. Además, la conexión positiva entre el tiempo usado para jugar a los vídeo juegos y el número de amigos es un poco menor en aquellos que lo hacen en compañía de amigos y los efectos de la frecuencia en jugar a los vídeo juegos sobre la aceptación entre coetáneos son ligeramente positivos en aquellos que lo hacen solos, mientras que son ligeramente negativos en aquellos que juegan en compañía de los padres. Todos los efectos del contexto social y el uso de los medios de comunicación sobre los aspectos del desarrollo de los niños son de una intensidad muy débil, y se han interpretado dentro del Modelo de la susceptibilidad diferente a la influencia de los medios de comunicación (DSMM; Valkenburg y Peter, 2013).
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