Obesity is associated with early cardiovascular dysfunction and reduced muscle strength. Whole-body vibration (WBV) training may improve arterial function and muscle strength. The effects of WBV ...training on arterial stiffness (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, baPWV), wave reflection (augmentation index, AIx), brachial systolic blood pressure (bSBP), aortic systolic blood pressure (aSBP), heart rate variability, and muscle strength (one-repetition maximum, 1RM) were examined in 10 young (21 ± 2 year) overweight/obese women (body mass index, BMI = 29.9 ± 0.8 kg m(-2)). Participants were randomized to a 6-week WBV training or non-exercising control (CON) period in a crossover design. WBV training (3 days × week) consisted of static and dynamic squats and calf raises with vibration intensity at 25-30 Hz and 1-2 mm amplitude (2.83-4.86 G). There were significant (P<0.05) decreases in baPWV (-0.9 ± 0.3 m s(-1)), AIx (-8.0 ± 2.2 %), bSBP (-5.3 ± 1.5 mm Hg), aSBP (-5.2 ± 2.1 mm Hg), low-frequency power (-0.13 ± 0.05 nu) and sympathovagal balance (LF/HF, -0.42 ± 0.16) after WBV training compared with CON. Significant (P<0.05) increases in high-frequency power (HF, 0.19 ± 0.04 nu) and leg extension 1RM (8.2 ± 2.3 kg) occurred after WBV training compared with CON. Six weeks of WBV training decreased systemic arterial stiffness and aSBP via improvements in wave reflection and sympathovagal balance in young overweight/obese normotensive women. WBV training may benefit arterial function and muscle strength in deconditioned individuals who cannot perform conventional exercise.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
OBJECTIVES The number of breast cancer survivors throughout the world has increased. Breast cancer survivors need to know how to exercise to improve their clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study ...was to find the effects of an evidence-based combined exercise intervention on the fitness levels of breast cancer survivors.METHODS A total of 38 female breast cancer survivors were randomly assigned to an exercise group (n=19) or a control group who did usual care (n=19). Subjects in the exercise group participated eight weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise and bodyweight strength exercise three times per week. Weight, body mass index (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness, handgrip strength, and flexibility were measured to assess the effects of the exercise intervention.RESULTS Women who completed the exercise intervention had decreased weight and BMI and increased cardiorespiratory fitness, handgrip strength, and flexibility.CONCLUSIONS Breast cancer survivors had improved health outcomes. A combined exercise intervention of moderate intensity three times per week for eight weeks can help breast cancer survivors improve their health. Participating in aerobic exercise and bodyweight strength exercise, which provide dynamic movements and use large muscle groups with no equipment, can help increase physical fitness levels of breast cancer survivors.
BACKGROUND
Obesity and aging are associated with increased arterial stiffness as indicated by an increased pulse-wave velocity (PWV). We evaluated the independent and combined effects on PWV and body ...composition of a hypocaloric diet and low-intensity resistance exercise training (LIRET) with slow movement.
METHODS
Forty-one postmenopausal women (mean age, 54±6 years; body mass index (BMI), 33.8±0.5kg/m2) were randomly assigned to LIRET (n = 14), diet (n = 13), or diet + LIRET (n = 14) for 12 weeks. The women's PWV, mean arterial pressure (MAP), body composition by dual-en ergy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and plasma adipokine and insulin levels were measured before and after the interventions.
RESULTS
Body weight (P = 0.0001), trunk-fat mass (FM, P = 0.0001), and the serum concentration of leptin (P = 0.02 and P = 0.004) decreased similarly with diet and diet + LIRET, but not with LIRET alone. Leg lean mass (LM) decreased (P = 0.02) with diet, but did not change with diet + LIRET or with LIRET alone. Leg muscle strength increased similarly with LIRET (P = 0.001) and diet + LIRET (P = 0.0001), but did not change with diet alone. Brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) decreased with diet (P = 0.04) and diet + LIRET (P = 0.01), whereas femoral-ankle PWV (legPWV) decreased only with diet (P = 0.01). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased after LIRET (P = 0.03), diet (P = 0.04), and diet + LIRET (P = 0.004). Carotid-femoral PWV, serum adiponectin concentration, and insulin were not significantly affected by the interventions examined in the study. The reductions in baPWV and legPWV were correlated with one another (r = 0.73, P = 0.0001), and the reductions in legPWV and trunk FM were also correlated with one another (r = 0.36, P = 0.03).
CONCLUSIONS
A hypocaloric diet decreases baPWV mainly by reducing legPWV, and this reduction is related to the loss of truncal fat. Although LIRET alone does not affect PWV or body composition, LIRET combined with diet improves baPWV and muscle strength while preventing loss of lean body mass in obese postmenopausal women.
Background Oral L-citrulline is efficiently converted to L-arginine, which has been shown to decrease brachial blood pressure (BP) at rest and during the cold pressor test (CPT). However, aortic BP ...may better reflect cardiovascular risk than brachial BP. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that oral L-citrulline supplementation attenuates brachial BP and aortic hemodynamic responses to CPT. Methods Brachial BP, aortic BP, stroke volume (SV), and wave reflection at rest and during CPT were evaluated in 17 young (21.6 ± 0.9 years) normotensive men. Subjects were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of oral L-citrulline (6g/day) or placebo in a crossover design. Hemodynamic responses to CPT were reevaluated after each treatment. Results During CPT, there were significant (P < 0.05) increases in brachial and aortic BP systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP), augmentation index (AIx), SV, and a decrease in transit time of the reflected wave (Tr) from baseline. Compared to placebo, oral L-citrulline treatment decreased (P < 0.05) brachial SBP (−6 ± 11mmHg), aortic SBP (−4 ± 10mmHg), and aortic PP (−3 ± 6mmHg) during CPT but not at rest. There was an inverse correlation (r = −0.40, P < 0.05) between changes in aortic SBP and Tr during CPT after L-citrulline supplementation. Conclusions We conclude that oral L-citrulline supplementation attenuates the brachial SBP, aortic SBP, and aortic PP responses to CPT in young normotensive men. Increased wave reflection time contributes to the reduction in aortic SBP response to CPT.
To determine the effect of diet-induced weight loss and/or LIRET on arterial function and body composition in obese women. Forty five postmenopausal obese women (54.3+ or -0.9 years; 33.7+ or -0.9 ...kg/m2) were randomized to LIRET (n=12), diet (n=14) or diet+LIRET (n=14) for 12 weeks. The data of 40 women who have completed the study are shown. LIRET consisted of four leg exercises at 40% of maximal strength (1RM). Brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), aortic systolic blood pressure (aSBP), leg strength, body weight, and DEXA-measured body fat mass (FM), trunk FM, and leg LSTM were collected before and after the interventions. BaPWV, a marker of systemic arterial stiffness, was significantly decreased after diet (-1.2+ or -0.7 m/s, p<0.05) compared with after LIRET (0.2+ or -0.5 m/s, p>0.05) but not after diet+LIRET (-0.5+ or -0.5 m/s, p>0.05). ASBP significantly (p<0.05) decreased after LIRET (-7+ or -4 mmHg), diet (-5+ or -3 mmHg), and diet+LIRET (-9+ or -3 mmHg). Leg strength increased after LIRET (27+ or -8%, p<0.05) and diet+LIRET (28+ or -7%, p<0.05) compared to diet (-4+ or -5%, p>0.05).
Arterial stiffness and hemodynamics may be increased following a bout of resistance exercise. Oral creatine supplementation (Cr) may attenuate cardiovascular responses after exercise via improved ...anaerobic metabolism. This study was aimed to determine the effect of Cr on hemodynamic and arterial stiffness responses after acute isokinetic exercise. Sixteen healthy males (22.6 ± 0.6 year) were randomly assigned to either placebo (Pl,
n
= 8) or Cr (
n
= 8) (2 × 5 g/day) for 3 weeks. Brachial systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and leg PWV were measured in the supine position at rest before and after the interventions. After the supplementation period, parameters were also measured 5 min (PE5) and 15 min (PE15) after two sets of leg isokinetic exercise. There was no difference between the groups in resting measurements before and after the supplementation. Compared with the Pl group, the Cr group had attenuated (
P
< 0.05) increases in SBP at PE5 (Pl 14.0 ± 2.5, Cr 5.6 ± 2.3 mmHg), HR at both P5 (Pl 28 ± 4 vs. Cr 16 ± 2 beats/min) and PE15 (Pl 21 ± 3, Cr 11 ± 2 beats/min) and rate pressure product at P5 (Pl 45.8 ± 6.4, Cr 24.8 ± 2.2) and P15 (Pl 34.2 ± 5.0, Cr 15.9 ± 6.0). Compared with the Pl group, the Cr group had suppressed increases in baPWV at PE5 (Pl 1.5 ± 0.4, Cr −0.1 ± 0.4 m/s) and PE15 (Pl 1.1 ± 0.2, Cr −0.3 ± 0.3 m/s) and returned SBP to pre-exercise values at PE15 (Pl 10.6 ± 2.8, Cr 2.1 ± 2.6 mmHg). PWV in the exercised leg decreased at PE5 in both groups. These findings suggest that Cr supplementation attenuates the hemodynamic and baPWV responses after acute isokinetic exercise.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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