Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre envolvimento paterno e temperamento infantil, entre os anos de 2006 e 2017. Realizou-se uma busca nas seguintes ...bases de dados: LILACS, PePSIC, SciELO, Web of Science e PsycINFO (APA), por meio dos descritores father e temperament e seus respectivos termos em português e espanhol. Foram examinados 19 artigos cujo foco de investigação foram a relação entre o envolvimento do pai e o temperamento do(a) filho(a). Os resultados foram divididos em duas categorias: Parentalidade, avaliação e influência no temperamento infantil e Paternidade e temperamento infantil. Verificou-se que o tema vem sendo pouco estudado no Brasil, em comparação com outros países e diversas áreas da saúde. A partir dos estudos analisados pode-se inferir que o pai tem influência direta em todas as fases do desenvolvimento infantil e no temperamento do(a) filho(a), especialmente ao que concerne a socialização e regulação do humor. Portanto, aponta-se para a necessidade de ampliação de pesquisas com este foco, a fim de favorecer e estimular a elaboração de políticas públicas e possibilitar novos modos de fomentar o envolvimento paterno na vida dos(as) filhos(as), considerando as variáveis que interferem nesse fenômeno, como o temperamento da criança.
Este estudo analisa o nível deliteracia digitalem saúde na população adulta portuguesa. Foi aplicado o questionário Digital Health Literacy (DHL) a uma amostra de 306 indivíduos. O instrumento está ...adaptado ao contexto pandémico atualeas dimensões estudadas são: pesquisa de informação, inclusão de conteúdo próprio, avaliação da fiabilidade e determinação da relevância informativa. O nível de literacia foi considerado suficiente e concluise que esta é influenciada pelas habilitações académicas (p=0,013). Situação antagónica aconteceu com a idade (p=0326), o sexo (p=0,102), estatuto social (p=0,230) e formação na área da saúde (p=0,147), cujas relações não apresentaram resultados estatisticamente significativos.
(Dis)Entangling Darwin Silva, Sara Graça da; Vieira, Fátima; Silva, Jorge Bastos da
2012, 2012-03-15
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Charles Darwins curiosity had a remarkable childlike enthusiasm driven by an almost compulsive appetite for a constant process of discovery, which he never satiated despite his many voyages. He ...would puzzle about the smallest things, from the wonders of barnacles to the different shapes, colours and textures of the beetles which he obsessively collected, from flowers and stems to birds, music and language, and would dedicate years to understanding the potential significance of everything he.
In recent years, several associations between common chronic human disorders and altered gut microbiome composition and function have been reported. In most of these reports, treatment regimens were ...not controlled for and conclusions could thus be confounded by the effects of various drugs on the microbiota, which may obscure microbial causes, protective factors or diagnostically relevant signals. Our study addresses disease and drug signatures in the human gut microbiome of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Two previous quantitative gut metagenomics studies of T2D patients that were unstratified for treatment yielded divergent conclusions regarding its associated gut microbial dysbiosis. Here we show, using 784 available human gut metagenomes, how antidiabetic medication confounds these results, and analyse in detail the effects of the most widely used antidiabetic drug metformin. We provide support for microbial mediation of the therapeutic effects of metformin through short-chain fatty acid production, as well as for potential microbiota-mediated mechanisms behind known intestinal adverse effects in the form of a relative increase in abundance of Escherichia species. Controlling for metformin treatment, we report a unified signature of gut microbiome shifts in T2D with a depletion of butyrate-producing taxa. These in turn cause functional microbiome shifts, in part alleviated by metformin-induced changes. Overall, the present study emphasizes the need to disentangle gut microbiota signatures of specific human diseases from those of medication.
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IJS, KISLJ, NUK, SBMB, SIK, UL, UM, UPUK
Variation in the human fecal microbiota has previously been associated with body mass index (BMI). Although obesity is a global health burden, the accumulation of abdominal visceral fat is the ...specific cardio-metabolic disease risk factor. Here, we explore links between the fecal microbiota and abdominal adiposity using body composition as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a large sample of twins from the TwinsUK cohort, comparing fecal 16S rRNA diversity profiles with six adiposity measures.
We profile six adiposity measures in 3666 twins and estimate their heritability, finding novel evidence for strong genetic effects underlying visceral fat and android/gynoid ratio. We confirm the association of lower diversity of the fecal microbiome with obesity and adiposity measures, and then compare the association between fecal microbial composition and the adiposity phenotypes in a discovery subsample of twins. We identify associations between the relative abundances of fecal microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and abdominal adiposity measures. Most of these results involve visceral fat associations, with the strongest associations between visceral fat and Oscillospira members. Using BMI as a surrogate phenotype, we pursue replication in independent samples from three population-based cohorts including American Gut, Flemish Gut Flora Project and the extended TwinsUK cohort. Meta-analyses across the replication samples indicate that 8 OTUs replicate at a stringent threshold across all cohorts, while 49 OTUs achieve nominal significance in at least one replication sample. Heritability analysis of the adiposity-associated microbial OTUs prompted us to assess host genetic-microbe interactions at obesity-associated human candidate loci. We observe significant associations of adiposity-OTU abundances with host genetic variants in the FHIT, TDRG1 and ELAVL4 genes, suggesting a potential role for host genes to mediate the link between the fecal microbiome and obesity.
Our results provide novel insights into the role of the fecal microbiota in cardio-metabolic disease with clear potential for prevention and novel therapies.
Many studies have been devoted to understand the mechanisms used by pathogenic bacteria to exploit human hosts. These mechanisms are very diverse in the detail, but share commonalities whose ...quantification should enlighten the evolution of virulence from both a molecular and an ecological perspective. We mined the literature for experimental data on infectious dose of bacterial pathogens in humans (ID50) and also for traits with which ID50 might be associated. These compilations were checked and complemented with genome analyses. We observed that ID50 varies in a continuous way by over 10 orders of magnitude. Low ID50 values are very strongly associated with the capacity of the bacteria to kill professional phagocytes or to survive in the intracellular milieu of these cells. Inversely, high ID50 values are associated with motile and fast-growing bacteria that use quorum-sensing based regulation of virulence factors expression. Infectious dose is not associated with genome size and shows insignificant phylogenetic inertia, in line with frequent virulence shifts associated with the horizontal gene transfer of a small number of virulence factors. Contrary to previous proposals, infectious dose shows little dependence on contact-dependent secretion systems and on the natural route of exposure. When all variables are combined, immune subversion and quorum-sensing are sufficient to explain two thirds of the variance in infectious dose. Our results show the key role of immune subversion in effective human infection by small bacterial populations. They also suggest that cooperative processes might be important for successful infection by bacteria with high ID50. Our results suggest that trade-offs between selection for population growth-related traits and selection for the ability to subvert the immune system shape bacterial infectiousness. Understanding these trade-offs provides guidelines to study the evolution of virulence and in particular the micro-evolutionary paths of emerging pathogens.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To investigate the abundance and the prevalence of
J115
, a novel butyrate-producing bacterium isolated from the human gut both in the general population and in subjects with metabolic syndrome. To ...study the impact of this bacterium on host metabolism using diet-induced obese and diabetic mice.
We analysed the presence and abundance of the bacterium in 11 984 subjects using four human cohorts (ie, Human Microbiome Project, American Gut Project, Flemish Gut Flora Project and Microbes4U). Then, we tested the effects of daily oral gavages with live
J115
on metabolism and several hallmarks of obesity, diabetes, inflammation and lipid metabolism in obese/diabetic mice.
This newly identified bacterium was detected in 62.7%-69.8% of the healthy population. Strikingly, in obese humans with a metabolic syndrome, the abundance of
genus correlates negatively with body mass index, fasting glucose and glycated haemoglobin. In mice, supplementation with live
J115
, but not with the pasteurised bacteria, partially counteracted diet-induced obesity development, fat mass gain, insulin resistance and white adipose tissue hypertrophy and inflammation. In addition, live
J115
administration protected the mice from brown adipose tissue inflammation in association with increased mitochondria number and non-shivering thermogenesis. These effects occurred with minor impact on the mouse intestinal microbiota composition.
These results suggest that
J115
directly and beneficially influences host metabolism and is a strong candidate for the development of next-generation beneficial bacteria targeting obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
The gut microbiota regulate susceptibility to multiple human diseases. The Nlrp6-ASC inflammasome is widely regarded as a hallmark host innate immune axis that shapes the gut microbiota composition. ...This notion stems from studies reporting dysbiosis in mice lacking these inflammasome components when compared with non-littermate wild-type animals. Here, we describe microbial analyses in inflammasome-deficient mice while minimizing non-genetic confounders using littermate-controlled Nlrp6-deficient mice and ex-germ-free littermate-controlled ASC-deficient mice that were all allowed to shape their gut microbiota naturally after birth. Careful microbial phylogenetic analyses of these cohorts failed to reveal regulation of the gut microbiota composition by the Nlrp6- and ASC-dependent inflammasomes. Our results obtained in two geographically separated animal facilities dismiss a generalizable impact of Nlrp6- and ASC-dependent inflammasomes on the composition of the commensal gut microbiota and highlight the necessity for littermate-controlled experimental design in assessing the influence of host immunity on gut microbial ecology.
•Non-littermate controls fail to define host genetic impacts on the gut microbiota•Littermate separation does not reveal ASC-Nlrp6 impacts on the gut microbiota•Lifetime littermate separation does not reveal Nlrp6 impacts on DSS colitis
Inflammasomes were proposed to shape gut ecology based on dysbiosis in mutant mice versus non-littermate wild-types. Mamantopoulos et al. show that inflammasomes do not affect gut microbiota composition when controlling for non-genetic confounders. This finding dismisses the suggested role for inflammasomes in controlling host health through regulation of intestinal ecology.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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