The aim of the present study was to consider the possibilities for introduction and sustainable cultivation of Arnica montana in Bulgaria. The research was conducted on two experimental fields in ...different floristic regions of the country at 1 400-1 500 m altitude. The experiment was conducted with seeds of two origins: a natural population from the Carpathians (Ukraine) and the variety "Arbo" (Germany). Comparison between in vivo and in vitro propagated plants under field conditions was carried out. During four vegetation seasons the growth and development of the plants were monitored and the survival rate was evaluated. There were no significant morphological differences between the plants of both studied origins while in vivo and in vitro propagated plants had high parameters variation. The obtained results proved the possibility of sustainable cultivation of A. montana in the high-mountain regions of Bulgaria.
The amount of sesquiterpene lactones and the lactone profile of Arnica montana L. in flowering and seed formation stages in vitro and in vivo propagated from seeds of German, Ukrainian, and Austrian ...origin and grown in two experimental fields were studied. It was found that in vitro propagated 2‐year plants in full flowering stage accumulated higher amount of lactones in comparison to in vivo propagated 3‐year plants and to the seed formation stage, respectively. Helenalins predominated in in vivo propagated 2‐year or in vitro propagated 3‐year plants. 2‐Methylbutyrate (2MeBu) was the principal ester in the samples with prevalence of helenalins, while isobutyrate (iBu) was the major one in the samples with predominance of 11,13‐dihydrohelenalins. The results revealed that the environmental conditions on Vitosha Mt. are more suitable for cultivation of A. montana giving higher content of lactones.
Developmental and Environmental Effects on Sesquiterpene Lactones in Cultivated Arnica montana L.
M. Todorova, A. Trendafilova*, A. Vitkova, M. Petrova, E. Zayova, D. Antonova
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Helichrysum arenarium
(L.) Moench is herbaceous perennial plant belonging to Asteraceae family. The plant is well known in phytotherapy for its potential in the treatment of gallbladder disease and ...is classified as endangered in a number of European countries. In Bulgaria it is a protected species according to the Biodiversity Act (Annex 4) and is in the List of Species of Medicinal Plants under special regimen of conservation and use. The data on the distribution of
H. arenarium
in the Bulgarian flora have not been updated for more than 20 years. The aim of this study is to determine the current distribution of
H. arenarium
in Bulgaria on the basis of reviewing the available herbarium specimens in the Bulgarian herbariums, literature data, and personal collections. As a result, the locations of the species on the territory of the country were described and mapped. In Bulgaria
H. arenarium
is represented with only a few populations located in a limited area in the northeastern part of the country, in a narrow strip between the towns of Shumen and Varna.
► This is the first report on the phytochemical investigation of endemic A. achtarowii. ► Eight quercetin and kaempferol glycosides were found in A. achtarowii. ► Variabiloside G was detected for the ...first time in species of the genus Alchemilla. ► Flavonoid glycosides isolated from Alchemilla species so far are summarized. ► Chemotaxonomic relations are discussed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Antioxidant capacity of the methanolic extract of Alchemilla mollis was measured by its ability to scavenge the DPPH radical. The EtOAc fraction obtained after partition of the total extract was ...found to be the most active radical scavenger (IC50 9.8 ± 1.8 μg/mL) and was subjected to fractionation by Sephadex LH-20 CC. Further purification by RP-18 CC led to the isolation of eight flavonoid glycosides: cis-and trans-tiliroside (1 and 2), rhodiolgin (3), hyperoside (4), isoquercitrin (5), miquelianin (6), sinocrassoside D2 (7), and gossypetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (8). It was found that 8 is a new compound and its antioxidant activity is also reported. Identification of the isolated compounds was carried out by spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis (1D and 2D NMR, UV and MS).
Arnica montana L. is an endangered species rich in sesquiterpene lactones, phenolic acids and flavonoids with high pharmaceutical value. The polyphenolic content and free radical scavenging activity ...of plants that had passed all stages of cultivation: micropropagation and rooting (in vitro), adaptation in greenhouse (ex vitro) and mountain conditions (in vivo) were evaluated. Four surface flavonoid aglycones scutellarein 6-methyl ether (hispidulin), scutellarein 6,4’-dimethyl ether (pectolinarigenin), 6-OH luteolin 6-methyl ether and kempferol-6-methyl ether were detected in the acetone exudates of the studied samples bymeans of thin layer chromatography.No differences in the accumulation of surface flavonoids were found among the tested leaf extracts of in vitro, ex vitro and in vivo samples. However, the extracts from the flowers were richer in surface flavonoids than extracts from the leaves. The methanol extracts of the samples from ex vitro and in vivo grown A. montana plants had significantly higher radical scavenging activity and polyphenolic content than the extracts of in vitro samples. The observed differences in the contents of these biologically active compounds were related to different growth conditions and stages of plant development. The biotechnological method of A. montana established holds promise for the future production of antioxidants.
The embryological features, mode of reproduction and reproductive capacity (pollen and seed viability) on two naturalized populations of Arnica montana in Bulgaria were studied. The embryological ...study shows that A. montana is a facultative apomictic species in which sexual reproduction predominates. In this species, it was established that there is a comparatively high viability of the mature pollen and embryos, which enables the successful realization of its reproductive capacity. The results of the study on A. montana reveal that both sexual and asexual vegetative reproduction with rhizomes undoubtedly play more important roles than the apomixis (namely diplospory) for support and preservation of the populations.
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