A new classification of the taxa formerly ascribed to
Biannulariaceae
(≡
Catathelasmataceae
), viz.
Catathelasma
(type),
Callistosporium
,
Pleurocollybia
,
Macrocybe
,
Pseudolaccaria
,
Guyanagarika
...and
Anupama
is here proposed. Phylogenetic inference of the
Tricholomatineae
based on the analysis of a combined dataset of nuclear genes including ITS, 18S and 28S rDNA,
tef
1 and
rpb
2 data supports significantly a monophyletic origin of the aforementioned genera with the exception of
Catathelasma
, which is significantly related with
Bonomyces
and
Cleistocybe
.
Biannulariaceae
is therefore emended to include the clade formed by
Catathelasma
,
Bonomyces
and
Cleistocybe
. Consequently, the new family
Callistosporiaceae
is proposed to name the clade containing
Callistosporium
(=
Pleurocollybia
) and related genera. Species of
Callistosporium
with distant lamellae, long hygrophoroid basidia and large amygdaliform spores are accommodated in the new genus
Xerophorus
. Finally, the new species
Callistosporium pseudofelleum
and
Macrocybe sardoa
are described,
Clitocybe hesleri
and
C. fellea
are combined into
Callistosporium
and
Pseudolaccaria
, respectively, and
Callistosporium olivascens
var.
donadinii
is upgraded to species rank and combined into
Xerophorus
.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Fungi strongly influence ecosystem structure and functioning, playing a key role in many ecological services as decomposers, plant mutualists and pathogens. The Mediterranean area is a biodiversity ...hotspot that is increasingly threatened by intense land use. Therefore, to achieve a balance between conservation and human development, a better understanding of the impact of land use on the underlying fungal communities is needed.
We used parallel pyrosequencing of the nuclear ribosomal its regions to characterize the fungal communities in five soils subjected to different anthropogenic impact in a typical mediterranean landscape: a natural cork-oak forest, a pasture, a managed meadow, and two vineyards. Marked differences in the distribution of taxon assemblages among the different sites and communities were found. Data analyses consistently indicated a sharp distinction of the fungal community of the cork oak forest soil from those described in the other soils. Each soil showed features of the fungal assemblages retrieved which can be easily related to the above-ground settings: ectomycorrhizal phylotypes were numerous in natural sites covered by trees, but were nearly completely missing from the anthropogenic and grass-covered sites; similarly, coprophilous fungi were common in grazed sites.
Data suggest that investigation on the below-ground fungal community may provide useful elements on the above-ground features such as vegetation coverage and agronomic procedures, allowing to assess the cost of anthropogenic land use to hidden diversity in soil. Datasets provided in this study may contribute to future searches for fungal bio-indicators as biodiversity markers of a specific site or a land-use degree.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Agaricales, Russulales and Boletales are dominant orders among the wild mushrooms in Basidiomycota. Boletaceae, one of the major functional elements in terrestrial ecosystem and mostly represented by ...ectomycorrhizal symbionts of trees in Indian Himalaya and adjoining hills, are extraordinarily diverse and represented by numerous genera and species which are unexplored or poorly known. Therefore, their hidden diversity is yet to be revealed. Extensive macrofungal exploration by the authors to different parts of Himalaya and surroundings, followed by through morphological studies and multigene molecular phylogeny lead to the discovery of five new species of wild mushrooms: Leccinellum bothii sp. nov., Phylloporus himalayanus sp. nov., Phylloporus smithii sp. nov., Porphyrellus uttarakhandae sp. nov., and Retiboletus pseudoater sp. nov. Present communication deals with morphological details coupled with illustrations and phylogenetic inferences. Besides, Leccinellum sinoaurantiacum and Xerocomus rugosellus are also reported for the first time from this country.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Forests are increasingly threatened by climate change and the Anthropocene seems to have favored the emergence and adaptation of pathogens. Robust monitoring methods are required to prevent ...biodiversity and ecosystems losses, and this imposes the choice of bioindicators of habitat health. Fungal communities are increasingly recognized as fundamental components in nearly all natural and artificial environments, and their ecosystem services have a huge impact in maintaining and restoring the functionality of ecosystems. We coupled metabarcoding and soil analyses to infer the dynamics of a fungal community inhabiting the old silver fir stand in Vallombrosa (Italy), which is known to be afflicted by both
Armillaria
and
Annosum
root rot. The forest was affected in 2015, by a windstorm which caused a partial falling and uprooting of trees. The remaining stand, not affected by the windstorm, was used as a comparison to infer the consequences of the ecosystem disturbance. We demonstrated that the abundance of pathogens alone is not able to explain the soil fungal differences shown by the two areas. The fungal community as a whole was equally rich in the two areas, even if a reduction of the core ectomycorrhizal mycobiome was observed in the wind-damaged area, accompanied by the increase of wood saprotrophs and arbuscular mycorrhizas. We hypothesize a reshaping of the fungal community and a potentially ongoing re-generation of its functionalities. Our hypothesis is driven by the evidence that key symbiotic, endophytic, and saprotrophic guilds are still present and diversified in the wind-damaged area, and that dominance of single taxa or biodiversity loss was not observed from a mycological point of view. With the present study, we aim at providing evidence that fungal communities are fundamental for the monitoring and the conservation of threatened forest ecosystems.
Macrofungal forays in different parts of Himalaya made it possible to gather a couple of interesting species of agarics. Two of them belonging to Cortinarius subg. Telamonia are dealt with in this ...paper. Cortinarius dombangensis, a member of sect. Hinnulei is proposed here as a new species and C. longistipitatus, a member of sect. Uracei subsect. Bulliardii is reported for the first time from India. Both taxa are described and illustrated with morphological description, illustrations and phylogenetic estimation.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
6.
Species diversity of Basidiomycota He, Mao-Qiang; Zhao, Rui-Lin; Liu, Dong-Mei ...
Fungal diversity,
05/2022, Volume:
114, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Fungi are eukaryotes that play essential roles in ecosystems. Among fungi, Basidiomycota is one of the major phyla with more than 40,000 described species. We review species diversity of ...Basidiomycota from five groups with different lifestyles or habitats: saprobic in grass/forest litter, wood-decaying, yeast-like, ectomycorrhizal, and plant parasitic. Case studies of
Agaricus
,
Cantharellus
,
Ganoderma
,
Gyroporus
,
Russula
,
Tricholoma
, and groups of lichenicolous yeast-like fungi, rust fungi, and smut fungi are used to determine trends in discovery of biodiversity. In each case study, the number of new species published during 2009–2020 is analysed to determine the rate of discovery. Publication rates differ between taxa and reflect different states of progress for species discovery in different genera. The results showed that lichenicolous yeast-like taxa had the highest publication rate for new species in the past two decades, and it is likely this trend will continue in the next decade. The species discovery rate of plant parasitic basidiomycetes was low in the past ten years, and remained constant in the past 50 years. We also found that the establishment of comprehensive and robust taxonomic systems based on a joint global initiative by mycologists could promote and standardize the recognition of taxa. We estimated that more than 54,000 species of Basidiomycota will be discovered by 2030, and estimate a total of 1.4–4.2 million species of Basidiomycota globally. These numbers illustrate a huge gap between the described and yet unknown diversity in Basidiomycota.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Boletellus shoreae is proposed as a new species characterized by a combination of features i.e. small (15–40 mm in diameter), brownish red to reddish brown pileus, yellow pore surface turning green ...when hurt or bruised, brown with 5% KOH, a stipe that is yellow in upper 1/4 of its length but brownish red in lower 3/4 of its length, becoming green in upper part and greyish red to red towards base with maturity and/or on bruising, basidiospores that are broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, sometimes oblong, inequilateral, and by the occurrence on ground under Shorea robusta in tropical dry deciduous forest. Morphological description, supporting illustrations and phylogenetic analyses based on nrITS and nrLSU (28S) sequence data are also provided.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A recent collection of
Lepiota spiculata
from the Dominican Republic is presented here. Macro- and micromorphological features of
L. spiculata
are described in detail, and its evolutionary ...(phylogenetic) position within
Lepiota
sect.
Ovisporae
, in the subincarnata/brunneoincarnata clade, is assessed on the basis of a combined nrLSU + nrITS +
rpb2
+
tef1
analysis. Additionally, high levels of deadly amatoxins were detected and quantified in
L. spiculata
for the first time by HPLC analysis; in particular, α-amanitin was found at concentrations up to approximately 4 mg/g dry weight, which render
L. spiculata
a potentially lethal mushroom, if ingested.
Mycopan
is a genus established for
Hydropus scabripes
by Redhead, Moncalvo & Vilgalys (in Redhead
2013
). They considered the genus to be distinct based on morphology and the phylogenetic analysis by ...Moncalvo et al. (
2002
) which included a sequence of
Hydropus scabripes
(AF042635, DAOM 192847) unrelated to the type species of
Hydropus
(
H. fuliginarius
). Subsequent sequences of material identified as
Hydropus scabripes
are not conspecific with the sequence of DAOM 192847. We consider this sequence (obtained from a mycelium culture) to be misidentified. We investigated the true phylogenetic position of authentic
Mycopan
including genera previously included in
Cyphellaceae
and
Porotheleaceae
. Sixteen collections of
M. scabripes
from Europe and North America were studied on morphological and molecular basis (nrITS and nrLSU sequences). No sequences were obtained from the holotype of
Mycopan scabripes
, and we designate an epitype to fix the interpretation of this species and the genus
Mycopan
.
Mycopan
is maintained as a good genus nested within
Cyphellaceae
as sister to the mycenoid genus
Atheniella
. The misidentified
Hydropus scabripes
AF042635 (DAOM 192847) represents a different species that is closely related to the holotype (and a new Italian collection) of
Hebelomina microspora
and the monospecific genus
Pleurella
described from New Zealand. Consequently,
Hebelomina microspora
is transferred to the emended genus
Pleurella
, which is sister to
Baeospora
within the
Cyphellaceae
. Additionally, based on these phylogenetic results, an updated taxonomic arrangement of
Cyphellaceae
and
Porotheleaceae
is proposed, emphasizing once again the polyphyletic nature of
Hydropus
and
Gerronema
.
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