The interplay of quantum anomalies with magnetic field and vorticity results in a variety of novel non-dissipative transport phenomena in systems with chiral fermions, including the quark–gluon ...plasma. Among them is the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME)—the generation of electric current along an external magnetic field induced by chirality imbalance. Because the chirality imbalance is related to the global topology of gauge fields, the CME current is topologically protected and hence non-dissipative even in the presence of strong interactions. As a result, the CME and related quantum phenomena affect the hydrodynamical and transport behavior of strongly coupled quark–gluon plasma, and can be studied in relativistic heavy ion collisions where strong magnetic fields are created by the colliding ions. Evidence for the CME and related phenomena has been reported by the STAR Collaboration at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at BNL, and by the ALICE Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The goal of the present review is to provide an elementary introduction into the physics of anomalous chiral effects, to describe the current status of experimental studies in heavy ion physics, and to outline the future work, both in experiment and theory, needed to eliminate the existing uncertainties in the interpretation of the data.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
We show that hadronization via quark coalescence enhances hadron elliptic flow at large p(perpendicular) relative to that of partons at the same transverse momentum. Therefore, compared to earlier ...results based on covariant parton transport theory, more moderate initial parton densities dN/deta(b=0) approximately 1500-3000 can explain the differential elliptic flow v(2)(p(perpendicular)) data for Au+Au reactions at sqrts=130 and 200A GeV from BNL RHIC. In addition, v(2)(p(perpendicular)) could saturate at about 50% higher values for baryons than for mesons. If strange quarks have weaker flow than light quarks, hadron v(2) at high p(perpendicular) decreases with relative strangeness content.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Narrow-linewidth lasers and optical frequency combs generated with mode-locked lasers have revolutionized optical frequency metrology. The advent of soliton Kerr frequency combs in compact ...crystalline or integrated ring optical microresonators has opened new horizons in academic research and industrial applications. These combs, as was naturally assumed, however, require narrow-linewidth, single-frequency pump lasers. We demonstrate that an ordinary cost-effective broadband Fabry–Pérot laser diode at the hundreds of milliwatts level, self-injection-locked to a microresonator, can be efficiently transformed to a powerful single-frequency, ultra-narrow-linewidth light source with further transformation to a coherent soliton comb oscillator. Our findings pave the way to the most compact and inexpensive highly coherent lasers, frequency comb sources, and comb-based devices for mass production.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Using a hydrodynamic model, we predict the transverse momentum dependence of the spectra and the elliptic flow for different hadrons in Au+Au collisions at
s
=130
A
GeV. The dependence of the ...differential and
p
t
-integrated elliptic flow on the hadron mass, equation of state and freeze-out temperature is studied both numerically and analytically.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Cobalt and iron(II) hexachloroclathrochelates with apical aliphatic and aromatic substituents were synthesized and characterized using cyclic voltammetry. The obtained clathrochelate-based systems ...were impregnated on the surface of carbon paper and tested as cathode electrocatalysts in water electrolysis cell with proton exchange membrane (PEM). Both the cyclic voltammograms and the current–voltage performances of membrane-electrode assemblies suggested that these cage complexes can be successfully implemented in PEM water electrolyzers and used as efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution.
Synthesis of the Co and Fe hexachloroclathrochelates and corresponding current–voltage performances of PEM water electrolysis cell. Display omitted
•Alkyl- and arylboron-capped Co and Fe hexachloroclathrochelates were synthesized.•Clathrochelate-based electrocatalysts were implemented in PEM water electrolysis.•Fe and Co clathrochelate complexes were successfully used as efficient HER catalysts.•Best performances were observed with electrocatalyst based on iron(II) cage complex.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
We present a novel method allowing high-power single-frequency emission with sub-kHz linewidth from a compact multi-frequency diode laser locked to high-Q optical microresonator. Using high-Q MgF
...microresonator and multi-frequency diode laser operating at 1535 nm with the output power of 100 mW and an emission spectrum consisting of approximately 50 lines with MHz linewidth, we observed a spectrum collapse to a single line or several lines with a sub-kHz linewidth and output power power of 50 mW. The Bogatov effect predicted more than 30 years ago was observed and studied in the spectrum of the locked laser. For analysis of the considered effect, original theoretical model taking into account self-injection locking effect, mode competition and Bogatov asymmetric mode interaction was developed and numerical modeling was performed. All numerical results are in a good agreement with our experimental data. Accurate analytical estimations for the parameters critical for the considered effect were obtained. The proposed method may be applied for different types of diode lasers operating in different spectral ranges.
At the very first stage of an ultra-relativistic nucleus–nucleus collision new particles are produced in individual nucleon–nucleon collisions. In the transverse plane, all particles from a single NN ...collision are initially located at the same position. The subsequent thermalization and transverse radial expansion of the system create strong position-momentum correlations and lead to characteristic rapidity, transverse momentum, and azimuthal correlations among the produced particles.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The dependence of the nature of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in gas cells without a buffer gas on the quality of the antirelaxation coating of the walls, i.e., on the probability of ...relaxation of the internal state of an atom upon collision with this coating, is analyzed. It is found that, in a number of practically important cases, relaxation on the walls has little effect on the contrast of the EIT resonance, and, under certain conditions, even enhances this effect. For a nondegenerate ground state of atoms, the significant difference is analyzed between two schemes for the implementation of EIT in the cases of Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering of probe radiation, as well as between two types of reflection, specular (elastic) and diffuse, when the atom velocity after reflection does not depend on the velocity before the collision but is determined by the wall temperature. Particular attention is paid to the features of the EIT spectra when the nondegeneracy of the excited state of atoms is taken into account.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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