Deoxynivalenol (DON) has drawn global attention because of its prevalence and significant effects on human or animal health. Biological remedies for DON have been developed from preharvest to ...postharvest. Applying microbes, including bacteria, fungi (yeast and molds), and enzymes, results in inhibited synthesis, structural destruction, or adsorption of DON. DON can be degraded into masked forms by phase I metabolism or phase II metabolism. During food processing, DON content changes dynamically and is even transformed. Physical, chemical, thermal, or biological processes physically reduce DON content. Temperature, heating time, enzymes, food additives, microorganisms, food composition, contamination level, and other ingredients are key factors. Although DON content can be reduced during food processing, increases in other toxins, such as DON‐3‐β‐d‐glucoside and 3‐acetyl‐DON, can be potentially risky. The application of biodegradation methods in food processing bears research significance. Both microorganisms and enzymes can be potentially used. Novel techniques, such as RNA interference, omics technologies, or enzymes coupled with the genetic engineering method, can be introduced. This review systematically updates the understanding of masked forms of DON, biological degradation strategy, fate of DON during processing, and future trends for biodegradation. Challenges to the successful application of biological methods may include the stability and suitability of the detoxification agents, security of degradation products, and successful application for industrial production.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
To assess the efficacy of intensive acupuncture (3 times weekly for 8 weeks) versus sham acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis (OA).
Methods
In this multicenter, randomized, sham‐controlled ...trial, patients with knee OA were randomly assigned to receive electroacupuncture (EA), manual acupuncture (MA), or sham acupuncture (SA) 3 times weekly for 8 weeks. Participants, outcome assessors, and statisticians were blinded with regard to treatment group assignment. The primary outcome measure was response rate, which is the proportion of participants who simultaneously achieved minimal clinically important improvement in pain and function by week 8. The primary analysis was conducted using a Z test for proportions in the modified intent‐to‐treat population, which included all randomized participants who had ≥1 post‐baseline measurement.
Results
Of the 480 participants recruited in the trial, 442 were evaluated for efficacy. The response rates at week 8 were 60.3% (91 of 151), 58.6% (85 of 145), and 47.3% (69 of 146) in the EA, MA, and SA groups, respectively. The between‐group differences were 13.0% (97.5% confidence interval 97.5% CI 0.2%, 25.9%; P = 0.0234) for EA versus SA and 11.3% (97.5% CI −1.6%, 24.4%; P = 0.0507) for MA versus SA. The response rates in the EA and MA groups were both significantly higher than those in the SA group at weeks 16 and 26.
Conclusion
Among patients with knee OA, intensive EA resulted in less pain and better function at week 8, compared with SA, and these effects persisted though week 26. Intensive MA had no benefit for knee OA at week 8, although it showed benefits during follow‐up.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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•The immobilized MIL-88A(Fe) onto cotton fibers (MC) was prepared.•MC was used to achieve efficient and long-term elimination of tetracyclines matrix.•A fixed bed reactor is ...constructed from MC in a home-made annular setup.•MC displayed boosted long-term stability in both batch and fixed bed tests.
This work demonstrates the successful immobilization of MIL-88A(Fe) MOF on cotton fibers to fabricate MIL-88A(Fe)/cotton fibers (MC) by an eco-friendly method. The prepared MC is used to activate peroxydisulfate for eliminating multiple tetracycline antibiotics, such as oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TTC), and chlortetracycline (CTC) in simulated wastewater under UV-light irradiation. The photoactivated sulfate radical-advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) towards the removal of tetracycline antibiotics matrix (initial concentration of 10.0 mg/L) using MC were initially investigated using a batch method. The results reveal that 97.5% OTC, 95.2% TTC, and 100.0% CTC can be degraded in the MC/UV/PDS system in the presence of 2 g/L of MC and 1 mM of PDS. The degradation pathways of OTC, TTC, and CTC were clarified via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and DFT calculations. The quantitative structure–activity relationship analysis shows that the tetracycline antibiotics are transformed into their corresponding intermediates with lower toxicity within 8.0 min. A self-designed fixed bed reactor, in which the MC was packed into the annular channel, was adopted to test the long-term operation possibility of the MC in the continuous photoactivated SR-AOP system. The findings demonstrate that the whole antibiotics matrix can be removed completely within 22 h. This work is the first to demonstrate the use of MOFs as catalysts for SR-AOP to achieve continuous purification of simulated wastewater. The findings highlight a new possibility for the use of MOFs in large-scale wastewater treatment over.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common kidney cancer worldwide. Even though current treatments show promising therapeutic effectiveness, metastatic RCC still has limited therapeutic options so that ...novel treatments were urgently needed. Here, we identified that MUC12 was overexpressed in RCC patients and served as poor prognostic factor for RCC progression. Overexpression of MUC12 increased RCC cell growth and cell invasion while deficiency of MUC12 exerted opposite effects on RCC cells. Mechanistic dissection demonstrated that MUC12‐mediated RCC cell growth and cell invasion were dependent of TGF‐β1 signalling because they could be blocked in the presence of TGF‐β1 inhibitor. Moreover, the regulation of TGF‐β1 by MUC12 relied on the transactivation of c‐Jun. MUC12 promoted the recruitment of c‐Jun on the promoter of TGF‐β1, leading to its transcription. Importantly, knockdown of c‐Jun also attenuated MUC12‐mediated TGF‐β1 induction and RCC cell invasion. In summary, our study defines the role of MUC12 in RCC progression and provides rational to develop novel targeted therapy to battle against RCC.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Fumonisins comprise structurally related metabolites mainly produced by Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum. Contamination with fumonisins causes incalculable damage to the economy and ...poses a great risk to animal and human health. Fumonisins and their covert products are found in cereals and cereal products. Food processing significantly affects the degradation of toxins and the formation of covert toxins. However, studies on fumonisins and their covert mycotoxins remain inadequate. This review aims to summarize changes in fumonisins and the generation of covert fumonisins during processing. It also investigates the toxicity and determination methods of fumonisins and covert fumonisins, and elucidates the factors affecting fumonisins and their covert forms during processing. In addition to the metabolic production by plants and fungi, covert fumonisins are mainly produced by covalent or noncovalent binding, complexation, or physical entrapment of fumonisins with other substances. The toxicity of covert fumonisins is similar to that of free fumonisins and is a non-negligible hazard. Covert fumonisins are commonly found in food matrices, and methods to analyze them have yet to be improved. Food processing significantly affects the conversion of fumonisins to their covert toxins.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
This study investigated robust yaw moment control for motion stabilization in four-wheel electric vehicles. A two-degree-of-freedom direct yaw moment control scheme is proposed. An engineering ...weighting function with embedded engineering specifications is included in the proposed approach. The controller was synthesized and its corresponding properties were studied. A rear-wheel drive in-wheel motor electric vehicle was employed for a practical evaluation of the scheme. Because of the robust control framework, the presented system can overcome model uncertainties, side wind disturbances, and parameter variation problems. Experiments were conducted to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed controller.
The investigation concerning the B7-H1 expression in colorectal cancer cells is at an early stage. It is unclear whether B7-H1 expression may have diagnostic or prognostic value in colorectal ...carcinoma. Additionally, how B7-H1 is associated with the clinical features of colorectal carcinoma is not known. In order to investigate the relationship between B7-H1 and colorectal cancer, we analyzed B7-H1 expression and its effect in clinical specimens and HCT116 cells.
Paraffin-embedded specimens from 143 eligible patients were used to investigate the expression of CD274 by immunohistochemistry. We also examined whether B7-H1 itself may be related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in colon cancer HCT116 cells.
Our results show that B7-H1 was highly expressed in colorectal carcinoma and was significantly associated with cell differentiation status and TNM (Tumor Node Metastasis) stage. Patients with positive B7-H1 expression showed a trend of shorter survival time. Using multivariate analysis, we demonstrate that positive B7-H1 expression is an independent predictor of colorectal carcinoma prognosis. Our results indicate that B7-H1 silencing with siRNA inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, cell apoptosis was also increased by B7-H1 inhibition.
Positive B7-H1 expression is an independent predictor for colorectal carcinoma prognosis. Moreover, knockdown of B7-H1 can inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of a hybrid system consisting of PbS nanocrystals (NCs) and a BODIPY dye (BDY) capping ligand was discovered to produce highly efficient dual emissions with ...tri-n-propylamine as a coreactant. By means of spooling ECL spectroscopy, the strong dual ECL emission peaks of 984 and 680 nm were attributed to the PbS and BDY moieties, respectively, and found to be simultaneous during the light evolution and devolution. The ECL of the PbS was enhanced via NC collisions with the electrode and reached an efficiency of 96% relative to that of Ru(bpy)3 2+, which is the highest among the semiconductor NCs.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Mg-Zn-Ca alloys with high Zn contents tend to form undesirable coarse precipitates, which greatly limits the significant potential of Zn and Ca in texture weakening, leading to poor formability. ...Hence, to prepare the Mg-6Zn-0.2Ca (wt. %) (ZX60) alloy with improved formability and high strength, we reported a novel processing technique that involves multi-pass warm rolling & annealing, followed by pre-strain and aging treatment. The annealed ZX60 alloy has a fine grain structure (~5 μm) and weakened basal texture, which contributes to a satisfactory Index Erichsen (I.E.) value of ~5.9 mm. After undergoing pre-strain and aging treatment, the sample exhibits excellent strength, i.e. yield strength (YS) of ~267 MPa and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of ~333 MPa. The formation of weakened basal texture is mainly due to the dissolution of Ca2Mg6Zn3 precipitates, improving the solute dragging effect. Meanwhile, dislocations introduced by pre-strain can act as the diffusion paths for solute atoms, and facilitate the uniformly distributed precipitates during the aging treatment, which results in high tensile strength. This work will be helpful for developing Mg-Zn-Ca alloys with high performance and extending the application of wrought Mg alloys in industries.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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