We compared the diet of Ommastrephes bartramii paralarvae with morphological changes in their beaks and proboscis (fused tentacles). The paralarvae were collected north of the Hawaiian Islands during ...2001 and 2002 and ranged in mantle length (ML) from 1.1 to 13.2 mm. They fed on crustaceans, including copepods (copepodite stage) and amphipods. The rostral tips of upper and lower beaks began to protrude anteriorly at around 3-4 mm ML, and the smallest paralarva with identifiable prey in its digestive tract was 4.2 mm ML, which suggests that the paralarvae can masticate prey soon after the beaks protrude. The proboscis separated into two tentacles at 9.3-13.2 mm ML, but the newly formed tentacles were weakly developed even in the largest specimen, suggesting that tentacles do not operate functionally and that the arms are used to capture prey.
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CEKLJ, DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The sensitivity of bile cytology for the diagnosis of biliary tract carcinoma (BTCa) is still low. In addition, the incidence of detection of genetic mutations in the bile of BTCa is not satisfactory ...yet. To improve the molecular diagnosis of BTCa, we analyzed p53 and K- ras mutations in DNA extracted from not only the sediment but the supernatant of bile samples.
Polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing were used for analyses of p53 mutations in exons 5 through 8. K- ras mutations at codon 12 were examined by mutant allele-specific amplification.
In bile supernatant from patients with BTCa, p53 and K- ras mutations were detected in 50.0% (15/30) and 56.7% (17/30) of cases, respectively. The incidence of p53and K- ras mutations in the sediment was 33.3% and 43.3%, respectively. When a combination assay with both genes was used, molecular abnormalities were detected in 80.0% of cases, including 3 in which p53 alone was positive. In addition, either p53 or K- rasmutations were detected in 12 of 15 (80.0%) cases of BTCa in which the cytologic diagnoses were negative. p53 mutations were detected in neither supernatant nor sediment in 20 patients with cholelithiasis, although the incidence of K- ras mutations in the sediment was 20%.
The incidence of p53 and K- ras mutations is higher in the supernatant than in the sediment, and simultaneous analyses of p53 and K- ras in the two bile fractions could enhance the genetic diagnosis of BTCa. Notably, the specificity of p53 mutations for cancer was very high in bile samples, and the sensitivity was also relatively high.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In order to discuss the optimum future management plan for sustainable fishery, the numerical ecosystem model has been applied to Lake Saroma, which is one of the major sources of farmed scallops in ...Japan. The model includes the pelagic ecosystem, the benthic ecosystem and the scallop growth model. These factors were dynamically linked each other in the model. This structure provided the model with an ability to predict future water quality and production of scallops with sediment changes. As the preliminary step of discussion about the future management plan, the material flows during/after the spring bloom period in the lake were evaluated using the model. Then, the influences of the scallop aquaculture on the material cycle were evaluated quantitatively by comparing the cases-with and without the scallop aquaculture. The results show the followings. 1) The spring bloom had a great influence on scallop juvenile's growth, and the subsequent lower trophic level period didn't have a bad influence on the growth due to the rational farming cycle. 2) Since the farmed scallops kept 30% of N in the pelagic system in their body and were finally harvested, the aquaculture generally purified the water quality in the lake. However, the aquaculture would generate worse water quality at the bottom in the summer. Because the aquaculture has also the function like a pump that transfers the particle organic matter from the water to the sediment, the increased organic matter in the sediment would cause more release of nutrients and consumption of DO in the summer.
Thirty-three children harboring brain stem glioma were treated at Nagoya University, Department of Neurosurgery during in the 16-year period from 1976 to 1991. Infantile brain stem glioma is so rare ...and we have only two cases (6.1%) of all 33 cases. This paper reported clinico-pathological investigation of infantile brain stem glioma. Case 1: Patient 1 was born after 38 weeks gestation, and he showed no mental nor physical retardation. His parents noticed his torticollis at 4 months of age. MRI showed exophytic abnormal enhanced mass behind the medulla oblongata. The mass was partially removed by craniectomy, and its pathological study revealed astrocytoma grade II. Since 3 months after the operation, torticollis had been gradually improved and disappeared completely 6 months later. Case 2: Patient 2 born after 41 weeks gestation, two cafe-au-lait spots were seen on the abdominal skin and hemangiomas were seen on the left shoulder and femoral area. For the initial symptoms, left oculomotor palsy was recognized at 2 months old. CT showed intrinsic enhanced abnormal mass in the mid brain up to the pons and then it invaded into right frontal lobe soon. Open biopsy was performed and the pathological examination revealed astrocytoma grade III. After IAR therapy (Interferon-beta 140 x 10(4), ACNU 20 mg x 2. Radiation; whole brain 40.8 Gy, focal 9 Gy), although left oculomotor palsy was improved temporarily, the tumor enlarged invasively and the patient died at 11 months old.
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