•A novel model for quantitative evaluation of green port development is developed.•Climate change is considered in the assessment of green port development.•A DPSIR framework is incorporated into the ...green port evaluation.•Developments of green ports in different cities/countries are elaborated.
Environmental problems that seriously affect both natural systems and social development of human beings have drawn extensive attention from governing authorities all around the world, and become an urgent issue to be addressed. Ports play a significant role in the international shipping which inevitably influence the global environment. Thus, the concept of green port is developed to mitigate the negative impacts of inappropriate port operations on environment. This paper analyzes the current status of green port development worldwide. An evaluation model for quantitative measurement of green port development is established based on the Drivers, Pressures, States, Impacts and Responses (DPSIR) framework. The weight of each index composing the evaluation model is calculated through an analytical hierarchy process method, and the evaluation results of the investigated ports with respect to each index are aggregated using an evidential reasoning approach. The evaluation model is further demonstrated through a comparative analysis of five major ports in China. The novel model developed along with the methods applied in this paper can provide significant insights for the comparative evaluation on the development of green ports in other countries and/or regions, as well as a powerful tool to conduct self-assessment of green port development.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In recent years, the construction of lane-level road maps has received extensive attention from industry and academia. It has been widely studied because this kind of map provides the foundation for ...much research, such as high-precision navigation, driving behavior analysis, and traffic analysis. Trajectory-based crowd-mapping is an emerging approach to lane-level map construction. However, the major problem is that existing methods neglect modeling the trajectory distribution in the longitudinal direction of the road, which significantly impacts precision. Thus, this article proposes a two-stage method based on vehicle lane-changing behavior to model the road’s lateral and longitudinal trajectory distributions simultaneously. In the first stage, lane-changing behaviors are extracted from vehicle trajectories. In the second stage, the lane extraction model is established using the weighted constrained Gaussian mixture model and hidden Markov model to estimate lane parameters (e.g., lane counts and lane centerline) on each road cross section. Then accurate and continuous lane centerlines can be constructed accordingly. The proposed method is verified using vehicle trajectory data collected from the crowdsourced platform named Mapillary. The results show that the proposed method can construct lane-level road information satisfactorily.
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CEKLJ, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The path planning of unmanned ships in complex waters using heuristics usually suffers from problems such as being prone to fall into the local optimum, slow convergence, and instability in global ...path planning. Given this, this paper proposes a Self-Adaptive Hybrid Bald Eagle Search (SAHBES) Algorithm by incorporating adaptive factors into the traditional BES in order to enhance the early global searching ability of the BES algorithm. Moreover, Pigeon-Inspired Optimization (PIO) is introduced to overcome the disadvantage of traditional BES algorithms: that it is easy for them to fall into local optimization. This study improves the fitness function by adding a distance between the ships’ path corners. The obstacle is based on the calculation of the path length. The curve optimization module is applied to smooth the obtained path to generate more rational path planning results, which means the path is the shortest and avoids collision successfully. A simulation test of the SAHBES algorithm on the path planning under different obstacle scenarios is conducted by using the MATLAB platform. The results show that SAHBES can generate the shortest safe, smooth path in different complex water environments, considering the limitations of fundamental ship maneuvering operations compared to other algorithms, thus verifying the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed SAHBES algorithm.
•Analyse the risks of maritime supply chains from different perspectives.•Develop an advanced risk analysis method to tackle the uncertainty in risk data.•Compare risk analysis results by using ...different methods to demonstrate the advantages of the newly proposed one.•Conduct an empirical study to provide useful insights for the identification and control of high risks.
This paper aims to develop a novel model to assess the risk factors of maritime supply chains by incorporating a fuzzy belief rule approach with Bayesian networks. The new model, compared to traditional risk analysis methods, has the capability of improving result accuracy under a high uncertainty in risk data. A real case of a world leading container shipping company is investigated, and the research results reveal that among the most significant risk factors are transportation of dangerous goods, fluctuation of fuel price, fierce competition, unattractive markets, and change of exchange rates in sequence. Such findings will provide useful insights for accident prevention.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This paper develops a decision-making model to assist the improvement of the carrying capacity of ship locks by combing fuzzy logic, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, and the technique for ...order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS). A three-level hierarchical structure is constructed to identify the key factors influencing the carrying capacity of ship locks from the aspects of ship locks, vessels, environment, and administration. On this basis, a series of targeted strategies have been put forward to improve the carrying capacity of ship locks, and the TOPSIS method is applied to rank these strategies in terms of their performance. A case study of the five-stage dual-track ship lock of the Three Gorges Dam in China has been conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and rationality of the proposed model, and correlation analysis is conducted to verify the identified influencing factors in order to eliminate potential bias which may be generated from using AHP. The results obtained from the proposed methods are consistent with the real-life situation to a certain extent, indicating that the proposed method can provide a useful reference for improving the carrying capacity of ship locks.
Ports, as the main components of global maritime transportation, have attracted attention from both industry and academia in relation to their safety management. Identifying the important ports of a ...maritime shipping network is necessary and significant for the recovery of ports when encountering severe disasters, especially with limited emergency resources. This paper proposes a new method to evaluate the importance of ports by incorporating centrality measures of networks into the TOPSIS framework. Three types of centrality measures were used in an integrated manner to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the port importance. Some economic factors such as the throughput of ports and GDP of the cities are also considered in combination with the entropy weight method to determine the weight of each criterion in the proposed model. Furthermore, a case study of the ports along the (MSR) shipping network is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method in identifying essential ports.
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•This paper proposes a new method to evaluate the importance of ports by incorporating centrality measures and economic indicators (such as GDP and port throughput) into the TOPSIS framework.•This research provides a theoretical basis for identifying influential ports in complex maritime transportation networks.•The evaluation results revealed that among the top ten important ports of the MSR shipping network, six are from China. The top three most important ports are the Port of Singapore, Hong Kong and Shenzhen.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•A tool is developed to aid the selection of PSC detention risk control strategies.•BNs and TOPSIS are incorporated as a new methodology for decision-making.•Detention risk control strategies are ...quantitatively measured in a dynamic manner.•Useful insights are provided to reduce possible ship detention risk in PSC.
Port State Control (PSC) inspections have been implemented as an administrative measure to detect and detain substandard ships and thus to ensure maritime safety. Advanced risk models were developed to investigate the impact of factors influencing ship detention. Although showing much attractiveness, current studies still reveal a key challenge on how such analysis can improve the ship performance in PSC inspections and aid PSC detention risk control decision. By incorporating a data-driven Bayesian network (BN) into the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, this paper proposes a new ship detention risk control methodology, in which the decision criteria are generated from the root risk variables, and the alternatives refer to the established strategies adopted by ship-owners in their practical ship detention risk control. Along with the new methodology, the main technical novelty of this paper lies in the quantitative measurement of the effectiveness of each strategy in terms of the reduction of detention rate in a dynamic manner. Its practical contributions are seen, from both ship owner and port authority perspectives, through the provisions of useful insights on dynamic evaluation of rational control strategies to reduce ship detention risk under various PSC inspection scenarios.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) have recently drawn significant attention throughout academia, governments, and industry. One of the requirements for MASS is that they should at least be as ...safe as conventional ships. Often, to measure their level of safety, the concept of risk is adopted, and risk influencing factors are determined. This paper proposes a framework for the identification of factors that influence the navigational risk of remotely controlled MASS without crews on board. Therein, four operational phases are considered: voyage planning, berthing and unberthing, port approaching and departing, as well as open sea navigation. For each phase, four types of factors are assigned related to human, ship, environment, and technology. To populate the framework, a thorough literature review is conducted, which is further supported by the elicitation of expert knowledge. As a result, 23 human-related factors, 12 ship-related factors, 8 environment-related factors, and 12 technology-related factors were defined. The proposed framework can be employed for any risk and safety analysis related to remote-controlled MASS. This, in turn, may assist the processes of design and operational planning of maritime transportation systems accommodating MASS and its remote-control center, e.g., the shore control center.
•Risk influencing factors (RIF) for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship operating at third degree of autonomy (MASS DoA3) is investigated.•A 4P4F framework is proposed to identify RIF on MASS DoA3, focusing on 4 operational phases and 4 types of factors.•Literature and experts' experience are utilized for identifying RIF and assigning them into 4 operational phases.•23 human factors, 12 ship factors, 8 environment factors, and 12 technology factors are identified as RIFs related to MASS DoA3 navigation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•New data training method is applied to improve BN in detention risk analysis in PSC.•Interrelationships among major factors in SRP systems are revealed comprehensively.•Insightful policy ...implications are proposed for both different stakeholders.•The rules of PSC inspection system are improved based on the obtained findings.
Given to the increasing traffic volume in ports in recent years, ship selection and inspection procedure in the port state control (PSC) should be improved to reduce any unnecessary delay caused by the inefficient inspections. This study aims to newly use a data training technique and the newest PSC data to improve the usage of Bayesian Network (BN) to assess detention risk to a point where risk factors are identified, interrelationships among the factors are analysed and prior probability training based on big data is obtained more easily. To construct the BN model, a Bayesian theorem-based machine learning approach is adopted to ensure the obtained model is objective and reliable. The model is developed based on 1880 inspection records in the Paris Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) regime between 1st January 2017 and 31st March 2020. The obtained model not only present the probability distribution of each factor but also explore interrelationships among them. Compared to the Ship Risk Profiles (SRP) model, the used data-driven structure learning algorithm is more convenient and useful. The analysis results provide insights for ship owners to manage ship detention risk while support port authorities to prioritize the ship checklist and utilise more efficient ship inspection.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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