In this paper, we use a robust inversion algorithm, which we have tested in many regional studies, to obtain the first global model of Curie-point depth (GCDM) from magnetic anomaly inversion based ...on fractal magnetization. Statistically, the oceanic Curie depth mean is smaller than the continental one, but continental Curie depths are almost bimodal, showing shallow Curie points in some old cratons. Oceanic Curie depths show modifications by hydrothermal circulations in young oceanic lithosphere and thermal perturbations in old oceanic lithosphere. Oceanic Curie depths also show strong dependence on the spreading rate along active spreading centers. Curie depths and heat flow are correlated, following optimal theoretical curves of average thermal conductivities K = ~2.0 W(m°C)
for the ocean and K = ~2.5 W(m°C)
for the continent. The calculated heat flow from Curie depths and large-interval gridding of measured heat flow all indicate that the global heat flow average is about 70.0 mW/m
, leading to a global heat loss ranging from ~34.6 to 36.6 TW.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hybrid materials integrated with a variety of physical properties, such as spin crossover (SCO) and fluorescence, may show synergetic effects that find applications in many fields. Herein we ...demonstrate a promising post‐synthetic approach to achieve such materials by grafting fluorophores (1‐pyrenecarboxaldehyde and Rhodamine B) on one‐dimensional SCO FeII structures. The resulting hybrid materials display expected one‐step SCO behavior and fluorescent properties, in particular showing a coupling between the transition temperature of SCO and the temperature where the fluorescent intensity reverses. Consequently, synergetic effect between SCO and fluorescence is incorporated into materials despite different fluorophores. This study provides an effective strategy for the design and development of novel magnetic and optical materials.
Two hybrid materials assembled from a 1D spin‐crossover structure and the fluorophores 1‐pyrenecarboxaldehyde and Rhodamine B were prepared. A synergetic effect between spin crossover and fluorescence was proposed.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Discovery of pulsars is one of the main goals for large radio telescopes. The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), that incorporates an L-band 19-beam receiver with ...a system temperature of about 20 K, is the most sensitive radio telescope utilized for discovering pulsars. We designed the
snapshot
observation mode for a FAST key science project, the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot (GPPS) survey, in which every four nearby pointings can observe
a cover
of a sky patch of 0.1575 square degrees through beam-switching of the L-band 19-beam receiver. The integration time for each pointing is 300 seconds so that the GPPS observations for a cover can be made in 21 minutes. The goal of the GPPS survey is to discover pulsars within the Galactic latitude of ± 10° from the Galactic plane, and the highest priority is given to the inner Galaxy within ± 5°. Up to now, the GPPS survey has discovered 201 pulsars, including currently the faintest pulsars which cannot be detected by other telescopes, pulsars with extremely high dispersion measures (DMs) which challenge the currently widely used models for the Galactic electron density distribution, pulsars coincident with supernova remnants, 40 millisecond pulsars, 16 binary pulsars, some nulling and mode-changing pulsars and rotating radio transients (RRATs). The follow-up observations for confirmation of new pulsars have polarization-signals recorded for polarization profiles of the pulsars. Re-detection of previously known pulsars in the survey data also leads to significant improvements in parameters for 64 pulsars. The GPPS survey discoveries are published and will be updated at
http://zmtt.bao.ac.cn/GPPS/
.
Optical physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have been proven to be one of the most effective anti‐counterfeiting strategies. However, optical PUFs endowed with flexibility and biocompatibility have ...not been developed, limiting their application scenarios. Herein, biocompatible and flexible optical PUF labels are developed by randomly embedding microdiamonds in silk fibroin films. The PUF labels can be conformally attached onto the surface of complex shaped objects, providing the desired protection against fake and interior products. In this system, silk fibroin films serve as a flexible and biocompatible substrate, while the Raman signal of the microdiamonds serves as response of the excitation. The extremely high stability and random distribution of the microdiamonds ensure the performance of PUFs, and the maximum encoding capability of 210000 is finally realized. The cytotoxicity analysis results also verify the biosafety of the PUF system. In addition, the as‐prepared PUF labels are attached onto the surface of polyethylene material, and human skin, and even have been implanted under chicken skin tissue, promising their practical applications.
Flexible and biocompatible physical unclonable function labels are designed and demonstrated by using microdiamonds as the response of the excitation and silk fibroin films as a flexible and biocompatible substrate, which have been applied for protection against fake objects with complex shapes.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Although its pathogenesis remains unclear, a number of studies indicate that microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation makes ...a great contribution to the pathogenesis of PD. Melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) is widely expressed in glia cells and neurons in substantia nigra (SN). Neuronal MT1 is a neuroprotective factor, but it remains largely unknown whether dysfunction of microglial MT1 is involved in the PD pathogenesis. Here, we found that MT1 was reduced in microglia of SN in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐induced PD mouse model. Microglial MT1 activation dramatically inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced neuroinflammation, whereas loss of microglial MT1 aggravated it. Metabolic reprogramming of microglia was found to contribute to the anti‐inflammatory effects of MT1 activation. LPS‐induced excessive aerobic glycolysis and impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) could be reversed by microglial MT1 activation. MT1 positively regulated pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha 1 (PDHA1) expression to enhance OXPHOS and suppress aerobic glycolysis. Furthermore, in LPS‐treated microglia, MT1 activation decreased the toxicity of conditioned media to the dopaminergic (DA) cell line MES23.5. Most importantly, the anti‐inflammatory effects of MT1 activation were observed in LPS‐stimulated mouse model. In general, our study demonstrates that MT1 activation inhibits LPS‐induced microglial activation through regulating its metabolic reprogramming, which provides a mechanistic insight for microglial MT1 in anti‐inflammation.
A schematic diagram shows the involvement of metabolic reprogramming in MT1 activation‐mediated inhibition of LPS‐induced microglial activation. Once microglia suffered LPS insults, microglia would transfer into over‐activated state, accompanied by converting their metabolic status from OXPHOS to aerobic glycolysis. However, microglial MT1 activation could promote PDHA1 expression, leading to reverse LPS‐mediated microglial metabolic reprogramming, thereby, suppressing microglial activation.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
...developmental stages of B cells, that is B220+CD43+IgM−IgD− (pro‐B), B220+CD43−IgM−IgD− (pre‐B), B220+CD43−IgM+IgD− (immature B) and B220+CD43−IgM+IgD+ (mature B), were detected in mouse BM, ...intestinal lamina propria (LPL) and Peyer's patches (PPs) by flow cytometry. ...the expression levels of CD40, CD80 and MHC‐Ⅱ on B cells were detected in mouse SPL, MLN and PPs. ...we examined the Secretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) level in intestinal lavage fluid and serum IgM, IgA and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) by ELISA. ...LGG intervention can promote the development and maturation of B lymphocytes, enhance the activation and antigen‐presentation ability of B lymphocytes, and regulate the secretion of immunoglobulin by B lymphocytes. ...LGG can regulate the mucosal immunity and humoural immunity of mice.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
Segmental bone defects of the mandible result in the complete loss of the affected region. We had incorporated the pressure‐reducing device (PRD) designs into the customized mandible ...prostheses (CMP) and conducted a clinical trial to evaluate this approach.
Methods
Seven patients were enrolled in this study. We examined the association among the history of radiotherapy, the number of CMP regions, the number of chin regions involved, and CMP exposure.
Results
We included five men and two women with an average age of 55 years. We excised tumors with an average weight of 147.8 g and the average weight of the CMP was 68.5 g. No significant difference between the two weights was noted (p = 0.3882). Three patients received temporary dentures and the CMP remained stable in all patients.
Conclusion
The use of PRD in CMP may address the previous challenges associated with CMP, but further research is necessary.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Six novel keratin-based fluorescent hierarchical porous hydrogels, pure keratin (FK), keratin-seaweed (FK-SP), keratin-chitosan (FK-CS), and keratin-rhodamine B (FK-Rh B) with three-dimensional (3D) ...interconnected network structures have been prepared
via
a one-pot crosslinking method. The green-red dual emissions of the FK-SP and FK-Rh B hydrogels were observed under a single-wavelength excitation.
Six novel luminescent hierarchical porous hydrogels with a 3D interconnected network were prepared using natural keratin wastes, chitosan, seaweed and fluorescence groups as raw materials by direct-synthesis.
Shrimp white spot disease (WSD), which is caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), is one of the world's most serious shrimp diseases. Our objective in this study was to use an immunomagnetic ...reduction (IMR) assay to develop a highly sensitive, automatic WSSV detection platform targeted against ICP11 (the most highly expressed WSSV protein). After characterizing the magnetic reagents (Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles coated with anti ICP11), the detection limit for ICP11 protein using IMR was approximately 2 x 10(-3) ng/ml, and the linear dynamic range of the assay was 0.1~1 x 10(6) ng/ml. In assays of ICP11 protein in pleopod protein lysates from healthy and WSSV-infected shrimp, IMR signals were successfully detected from shrimp with low WSSV genome copy numbers. We concluded that this IMR assay targeting ICP11 has potential for detecting the WSSV.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Dysfunction of the circadian rhythm is one of most common nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), but the molecular role of the circadian rhythm in PD is unclear. We here showed that ...inactivation of brain and muscle ARNT‐like 1 (BMAL1) in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐treated mice resulted in obvious motor functional deficit, loss of dopaminergic neurons (DANs) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), decrease of dopamine (DA) transmitter, and increased activation of microglia and astrocytes in the striatum. Time on the rotarod or calorie consumption, and food and water intake were reduced in the Bmal1−/− mice after MPTP treatment, suggesting that absence of Bmal1 may exacerbate circadian and PD motor function. We observed a significant reduction of DANs (~35%) in the SNpc, the tyrosine hydroxylase protein level in the striatum (~60%), the DA (~22%), and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid content (~29%), respectively, in MPTP‐treated Bmal1−/− mice. Loss of Bmal1 aggravated the inflammatory reaction both in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that BMAL1 may play an essential role in the survival of DANs and maintain normal function of the DA signaling pathway via regulating microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation in the brain.
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