What are the relationships among environmental performance, green finance, and green innovation in developing countries? Existing literatures support the impact of green finance or green innovation ...on environmental performance, but rare studies query the cointegration among such three variables. We thus utilize the yearly data of 57 developing countries from 2002 to 2016 to empirically examines the relationships among environmental performance, green finance, and green innovation, via panel covariate-augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test and the Westerlund and Edgerton (2007) cointegration test. Overall, this study confirms the existence of cointegration relationships among these variables. Moreover, the results of pooled mean group estimation suggest that environmental performance can positively affect the green innovation in the long term in the non-emerging countries and countries with better green innovation or environmental performance. Furthermore, green finance positively affects green innovation in the emerging countries and countries with lower level of green finance, while green finance negatively affects green innovation in the countries with better green innovation or environmental performance. Our empirical findings offer important policy implications for the sample of developing countries to promote green innovation and improve environmental performance.
•Check long-run relationships among environmental performance, green finance and green innovation.•Investigating the long-run and short-run impacts.•The relationship varies among different countries.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This research investigates and robustly verifies the impact of expansionary monetary policy actions on green innovation, conducted on a panel covering 133 countries from 1960 to 2018. Overall, we ...find that such actions have a significantly positive effect on green innovation performance, no matter in the static or dynamic model. A lower degree of central bank independence and poorer property rights protection in developing countries may hinder monetary policies’ effect to be transmitted to green innovation activities smoothly. Moreover, stringent environmental regulation contributes to magnifying the expansionary monetary policy’s positive effect on green innovation, but such a positive moderating effect should be supported by good national governance quality (including better control over corruption, higher efficiency of governments and a complete law system). Accordingly, several policy suggestions are provided.
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CEKLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Globally, nations are increasingly focusing on green innovation in their environmental protection efforts as part of sustainable development, and digital finance is playing a vital role in enhancing ...green innovation. Employing annual data from 220 prefecture-level cities between 2011 and 2019, we empirically analyze the connections among environmental performance, digital finance, and green innovation via the Karavias panel unit root test with structural breaks, the Gregory-Hansen structural break cointegration test and pooled mean group (PMG) estimation. The following four points are the key conclusions: (1) The results support cointegration links between these variables when structural breaks are considered. (2) The PMG estimation outcomes indicate that green innovation and digital finance may have a favorable long-term effect on environmental performance. (3) For better environmental performance and more green innovation, the level of digitalization of digital finance is crucial. (4) The potential of digital finance and green innovation to improve environmental performance has not been fully realized in the western region of China.
•The relationship among environmental performance, green innovation, and digital finance is investigated.•The entropy method is used to evaluate the environmental performance.•Green innovation benefits environmental performance in the long run.•Digital finance improves environmental performance through providing financial support to green innovation.•There is cointegration relationship among the three variables after considering structural breaks.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Spintronics has captured a lot of attention since it was proposed. It has been triggering numerous research groups to make their efforts on pursuing spin-related electronic devices. Recently, ...flexible and wearable devices are in a high demand due to their outstanding potential in practical applications. In order to introduce spintronics into the realm of flexible devices, we demonstrate that it is feasible to grow epitaxial Fe3O4 film, a promising candidate for realizing spintronic devices based on tunneling magnetoresistance, on flexible muscovite. In this study, the heteroepitaxy of Fe3O4/muscovite is characterized by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The chemical composition and magnetic feature are investigated by a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The electrical and magnetic properties are examined to show the preservation of the primitive properties of Fe3O4. Furthermore, various bending tests are performed to show the tunability of functionalities and to confirm that the heterostructures retain the physical properties under repeated cycles. These results illustrate that the Fe3O4/muscovite heterostructure can be a potential candidate for the applications in flexible spintronics.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
In this letter, an ultrawideband (UWB) bandpass Wilkinson power divider (WPD) is introduced. By using filter synthesis theory and proposed optimization algorithm, all the S-parameters (S₁₁, S₂₁ = ...S₃₁, S₂₂ = S₃₃ and S₃₂) of the proposed topology could provide an equal-ripple response, and their equal-ripple level and bandwidth can be controlled, respectively. For verification purposes, a prototype UWB WPD has been simulated, fabricated, and measured. The measured and simulated results are matched reasonably well.
Countries around the world are facing enormous challenges in their economic and social development as COVID‐19 continues to spread, resulting in slower economic recovery in the post‐pandemic era. ...Considering the impact of economic growth on future sustainable development in this new era, green economic recovery (GER) can achieve a win‐win situation between economic recovery and environmental improvement and bring forth environmentally sustainable economic growth. This research first lists related COVID‐19 literature surveys and GER policies in the post‐pandemic era in China. Based on a comparative study of the international experience of GER policy practices, this paper then analyzes the opportunities and challenges China faces for GER and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions on how to promote its sustainable development in the post‐epidemic era. We believe our research presents useful enlightenments for sustainable economic and social development in the post‐epidemic era.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Based on panel data of 23 OECD countries from 1990 to 2015, this research empirically analyzes the impact of environmental policy strictness on air quality (proxied by PM2.5, CO2, NOx, and SOx ...emissions) and compares it to PM2.5 exposure using the method of System Generalized Moments (SYS-GMM). We further test the robustness of the empirical results by the methods of restricted samples period, cross-sectional regression, and Least Squares Dummy Variable Corrected (LSDVC) model. Overall, we find that environmental policy stringency (EPS) has a negative impact on CO2, NOx, and SOx emissions, while EPS presents a weak impact on both PM2.5 emissions and PM2.5 exposure, due to two potential reasons: first, the causes of PM2.5 are complex, and environmental policies are difficult to succeed; second, during the process of formulating the EPS composite index, there is no emphasis on the policy of PM2.5 restrictions. Overall, our empirical results confirm the role of environmental policy stringency and point out some shortcomings.
•We analyze the impact of environmental policy strictness on air quality by using multi-national and multi-year data.•The robustness of the model is tested from many methods, which ensures the reliability of the conclusion.•We analyzed the reasons why EPS had no significant effect on PM2.5 emission, and enriched the relevant literature.•We put forward two channels of EPS affecting emissions, and give the improvement direction of EPS in the future.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A synthesis theory of ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass (BP) transformer with short-circuited stubs is proposed in this paper. Based on the short-circuited stub number and their positions, six ...combination topologies are presented when the transmission line (TL) section is fixed to 4. Although analyzing the characteristic functions of these six combination topologies, the same theoretical Chebyshev transfer function can be summarized. Therefore, by selecting different short-circuited stub number and their positions, we can make a flexible choice of the filtering transformer pattern and keep the Chebyshev response at the same time. Finally, by using the proposed transformer, a UWB BP type Wilkinson power divider can be easily designed. In order to match the numbers and frequencies of output ports reflection zeroes (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">S_{22} =0 </tex-math></inline-formula>)/isolation zeroes (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">S_{32} = 0 </tex-math></inline-formula>) with those of input port reflection zeroes (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">S_{11} =0 </tex-math></inline-formula>), one extra TL and one isolation resistor are newly added in the power divider design. One experimental circuit is fabricated, and its measured frequency response verified well the proposed design theory and method.
Abstract
Dental implants are commonly used to repair missing teeth. The implant surface plays a critical role in promoting osseointegration and implant success. However, little information is ...available about which implant surface treatment technology best promotes osseointegration and implant stability. The aim of this network meta-analysis was to evaluate the osseointegration and stability of four commonly used dental implants (SLA, SLActive, TiUnite, and Osseotite). The protocol of the current meta-analysis is registered in PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) under the code CRD42020190907 (
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk
). We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA and Cochrane Recommendations. Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Embase, and the Web of Science databases were searched. Only randomized controlled trials were considered. Twelve studies were included in the current network meta-analysis, eleven studies were included concerning the osseointegration effect and five studies were included for stability analysis (four studies were used to assess both stability and osseointegration). Rank possibility shows that the SLActive surface best promoted bone formation at an early healing stage and TiUnite seemed to be the best surface for overall osseointegration. For stability, TiUnite seemed to be the best surface. The present network meta-analysis showed that the SLActive surface has the potential to promote osseointegration at an early stage. The TiUnite surface had the best effect on osseointegration regarding the overall healing period. The TiUnite surface also had the best effect in stability.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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