We investigate the effects of non-Hermiticity on topological pumping and uncover a connection between a topological edge invariant based on topological pumping and the winding numbers of exceptional ...points. In Hermitian lattices, it is known that the topologically nontrivial regime of the topological pump only arises in the infinite-system limit. In finite non-Hermitian lattices, however, topologically nontrivial behavior can also appear, and we show that this can be understood as the effect of encircling a pair of exceptional points during a pumping cycle. This phenomenon is observed experimentally in a non-Hermitian microwave network containing variable-gain amplifiers.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Periodontitis is a complex chronic inflammatory disease that is particularly associated with health-related conditions such as smoking, excessive drinking and depression. This research aimed to ...investigate the interaction between these lifestyles factors on periodontitis risk.
This study included participants who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States between 2009 and 2014. They had completed oral health-periodontal examination, Smoking-Cigarette Use Questionnaire, Alcohol Use Questionnaire, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Periodontal clinical attachment loss (CAL) of 3 mm or more and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) of 10 scores or more were used to identify periodontitis and depression, respectively. Daily alcohol consumption in the past year was classified into three levels: low (1 drink or less), moderate (between 1 and 3 drinks), and heavy drinking (4 drinks or more), while smoking was defined as having smoked at least 100 cigarettes in one's lifetime. Then, the logistic regression combined with interaction models were used to analyze the independent and combined effects of smoking, drinking and depression on periodontitis risk.
The results indicated a statistically significant multiplicative interaction between smoking and depression in relation to the development of periodontitis, both in the overall population (P = 0.03) and among male participants (P = 0.03). Furthermore, among individuals experiencing depression, smoking was found to significantly increase the prevalence of periodontitis by 129% in the younger age group compared to non-smokers (odds ratio OR: 2.29; 95% confidence interval CI: 1.10 to 4.76). However, the interaction between smoking and alcohol consumption was only significant among females (P < 0.05). There was a dose-dependent relationship between drinking frequency and smoking on periodontitis prevalence. In the smoking population, occasional drinking (OR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.22 to 2.37) and regular drinking (OR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.68 to 3.11) significantly increased the prevalence of periodontitis compared to individuals without these two factors.
These results suggested that there were interactive effects between smoking, drinking and depression on periodontitis risk and policies aimed at healthy behaviours and mental health may be beneficial for our oral health.
It is shown that the concept of topological phase transitions can be used to design nonlinear photonic structures exhibiting power thresholds and discontinuities in their transmittance. This provides ...a novel route to devising nonlinear optical isolators. We study three representative designs: (i) a waveguide array implementing a nonlinear 1D Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, (ii) a waveguide array implementing a nonlinear 2D Haldane model, and (iii) a 2D lattice of coupled-ring waveguides. In the first two cases, we find a correspondence between the topological transition of the underlying linear lattice and the power threshold of the transmittance, and show that the transmission behavior is attributable to the emergence of a self-induced topological soliton. In the third case, we show that the topological transition produces a discontinuity in the transmittance curve, which can be exploited to achieve sharp jumps in the power-dependent isolation ratio.
Using 2.93 fb −1 of e+e− collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we report the first measurements of the absolute branching fractions of 14 hadronic ...D0(+) decays to exclusive final states with an η , e.g., D0 → K−π+η , K0Sπ0η , K+K−η , K0SK0Sη, K−π+π0η , K0Sπ+π−η , K0Sπ0π0η , and π+π−π0η ; D+ → K0Sπ+η,K0SK+η, K−π+π+η, K0Sπ+π0η, π+π+π−η , and π+π0π0η. Among these decays, the D0 → K−π+η and D+→K0Sπ+η decays have the largest branching fractions, which are B (D0 → K−π+η) = ( 1.853 ± 0.02 5 stat ± 0.03 1 syst ) % and B ( D+ → K0Sπ+η ) = ( 1.309 ± 0.03 7 stat ± 0.03 1 syst ) % , respectively. The charge-parity asymmetries for the six decays with highest event yields are determined, and no statistically significant charge-parity violation is found.
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The development of carbon fabric reinforced epoxy (CF/EP) composites with excellent mechanical properties and high flame retardancy is desired in both scientific and industrial communities. In this ...work, the phosphorus-containing flame retardant 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) based amine functional silane coupling agent was coated on carbon fabric, aiming to promote the interfacial charring behavior, and at the same time, improve the fiber-matrix interfacial strength. With only a small proportion of the hybrid Si/N/P coating on the fiber surface, the resultant composite laminate showed a 26 and 31% reduction in peak heat release rate and smoke production rate, respectively. Under the combustion, the surface grafted phosphorus compounds effectively promoted the interfacial charring behavior of EP composites. An integrated and dense char layer composed of carbon fabric with sealed gaps was formed to protect the underlying polymer materials in the condensed phase. In addition, the fiber push-in test clearly revealed an increased fiber-matrix interfacial strength (35%) due to the existence of amine groups on the fiber surface. The provided Si/N/P hybrid surface functionalization strategy proved to be an effective approach to prepare high-performance flame retardant CF/EP composite.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Deletion of the chromatin remodeler chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1 (CHD1) is a common genomic alteration found in human prostate cancers (PCas). CHD1 loss represents a distinct PCa ...subtype characterized by SPOP mutation and higher genomic instability. However, the role of CHD1 in PCa development in vivo and its clinical utility remain unclear.
To study the role of CHD1 in PCa development and its loss in clinical management, we generated a genetically engineered mouse model with prostate-specific deletion of murine Chd1 as well as isogenic CHD1 wild-type and homozygous deleted human benign and PCa lines. We also developed patient-derived organoid cultures and screened patients with metastatic PCa for CHD1 loss.
We demonstrate that CHD1 loss sensitizes cells to DNA damage and causes a synthetic lethal response to DNA damaging therapy in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, in patient-derived organoid cultures and in a patient with metastatic PCa. Mechanistically, CHD1 regulates 53BP1 stability and CHD1 loss leads to decreased error-free homologous recombination (HR) repair, which is compensated by increased error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair.
Our study provides the first in vivo and in patient evidence supporting the role of CHD1 in DSB repair and in response to DNA damaging therapy. We uncover mechanistic insights that CHD1 modulates the choice between HR and NHEJ DSB repair and suggest that CHD1 loss may contribute to the genomic instability seen in this subset of PCas.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To study the key aroma components and flavor profile differences of Cheddar cheese with different maturity and from different countries, the flavor components of 25 imported commercial Cheddar cheese ...samples in the China market were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The quality and quantity of 40 flavor compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-olfactometry among 71 aroma compounds determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Combined with odor activity value calculation, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to analyze the relationship among 26 flavor compounds with odor activity values >1 and the maturity of Cheddar cheese. The PCA results showed significant differences between the group of mild Cheddar cheese and the groups of medium Cheddar cheese and mature Cheddar cheese, and no significant differences were observed between medium Cheddar cheese and mature Cheddar cheese. According to the results of PCA and consumers' preference test, representative Cheddar cheese samples with different ripening times were selected for the flavor profile analysis. Partial least squares regression analysis was conducted to obtain the relationship between sensory properties and flavor compounds of different Cheddar cheeses. Based on partial least squares regression analysis, 1-octen-3-one, hexanal, acetic acid, 3-methylindole, and acetoin were positively correlated with milky, sour, and yogurt of mild Cheddar cheese. Dimethyl trisulfide, phenylacetaldehyde, ethyl caproate, octanoic acid, and furaneol and other compounds were positively correlated with fruity, caramel, rancid, and nutty notes of the medium and mature Cheddar cheeses.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract This study was performed to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for postoperative cleft relapse and oronasal fistula after Furlow palatoplasty in infants. Sixty-two infants with ...cleft palate, aged 6–12 months (mean 8.25 months), who underwent cleft repair by Furlow double opposing Z-plasty between March 2012 and August 2014, were enrolled in the study. Risk factors for postoperative cleft relapse and oronasal fistula after Furlow palatoplasty were identified by logistic regression analysis. The incidence rates of cleft relapse at 1 week and oronasal fistula at 3 months after surgery were 24.2% (15/62) and 9.7% (6/62), respectively. Among all of the variables screened, only the width of the cleft was significantly associated with the incidence of postoperative cleft relapse ( P = 0.001) and oronasal fistula ( P = 0.011); the incidence rates were positively correlated with the width of the cleft when it exceeded 6.8 mm and 7.5 mm, respectively. Based on these findings, in order to reduce the incidence of postoperative cleft relapse and oronasal fistula, Furlow repair is not recommended for patients with wide clefts. An appropriate angle between the Z-flap incision and the central axis, use of a bilateral relaxation incision, and postoperative nursing care can help reduce the incidence of postoperative cleft relapse.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Nonlinear transmission lines (NLTLs) are nonlinear electronic circuits used for parametric amplification and pulse generation, and it is known that left-handed NLTLs support enhanced harmonic ...generation while suppressing shock wave formation. We show experimentally that in a left-handed NLTL analogue of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) lattice, harmonic generation is greatly increased by the presence of a topological edge state. Previous studies of nonlinear SSH circuits focused on solitonic behaviours at the fundamental harmonic. Here, we show that a topological edge mode at the first harmonic can produce strong propagating higher-harmonic signals, acting as a nonlocal cross-phase nonlinearity. We find maximum third-harmonic signal intensities five times that of a comparable conventional left-handed NLTL, and a 250-fold intensity contrast between topologically nontrivial and trivial configurations. This work advances the fundamental understanding of nonlinear topological states, and may have applications for compact electronic frequency generators.
The Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) was launched on the NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite on 12 September 1991 and operated until 2003. Its role in the mission was to measure vector ...winds in the Earth's atmosphere from 80 to 110 km, but its measurements extended to nearly 300 km. The approach employed was to measure Doppler shifts from a suite of visible region airglow lines emitted over this altitude range. These included atomic oxygen O(1S) and O(1D) lines, as well as lines in the OH Meinel (8,3) and O2 Atmospheric (0,0) bands. The instrument employed was a Doppler Michelson Interferometer that measured the Doppler shift as a phase shift of the cosinusoidal interferogram generated by single airglow lines. An extensive validation program was conducted after launch to confirm the accuracy of the measurements. The dominant wind field, the first one observed by WINDII, was that of the migrating diurnal tide at the equator. The overall most notable WINDII contribution followed from this: determining the influence of dynamics on the transport of atmospheric species. Currently, nonmigrating tides are being studied in the thermosphere at both equatorial and high latitudes. Other aspects investigated included solar and geomagnetic influences, temperatures from atmospheric‐scale heights, nitric oxide concentrations, and the occurrence of polar mesospheric clouds. The results of these observations are reviewed from a perspective of 20 years. A future perspective is then projected, involving more recently developed concepts. It is intended that this description will be helpful for those planning future missions.
Key Points
Doppler Michelson interferometers excel in atmospheric space wind measurements
Upper atmosphere winds dramatically influence atomic oxygen concentrations
The thermosphere has enormous scope for future atmospheric dynamics measurements
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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