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•The fluorination of PDMS was realized by introducing fluorosilane.•Fluorinated PDMS enhanced the hydrophobicity and flame-retardancy of the coating.•The prepared coating exhibited ...excellent mechanical durability.•The hydrophobic and flame retardant mechanism of the coating was revealed in detail.
In order to meet the increasing demand for fire prevention and pollution prevention of polyester fiber fabrics (PET) in different scenes, it is imperative to develop surface coatings with superhydrophobic and flame retardant properties. However, how to realize all these functions at the same time is still a big challenge. In this work, fluorinated PDMS was obtained through the cross-linking reaction between fluorosilane and PDMS, which was evenly mixed with the combustion product of silicone rubber (mainly composed of SiO2) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and the mixed coating was deposited on the surface of PET fabrics by spraying method to construct a superhydrophobic flame-retardant coating. The coated fabrics shows good superhydrophobicity (water contact angle is 155.61 ± 1.42°, sliding angle is 3.2 ± 0.4°) and self-cleaning performance. In particular, the prepared coated fabrics also has excellent mechanical durability, and it still does not lose its superhydrophobicity after 10 abrasive paper rubbing cycles, 60 min washing and even 300 bending and twisting cycles. In addition, compared with the original fabrics, the coating shows excellent flame retardant performance, which can realize self-extinguishing within 10 s in vertical combustion experiment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This research studies the effect of aluminum hydroxide (ATH) on the thermal stability and flame retardant properties of nitrile rubber (NBR) composites containing IFR (Intumescent flame retardant). ...Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to determine that adding 2 wt % flame retardant synergist ATH to NBR/IFR composites enhances the thermal stability of the composite and improves the charring effect of the IFR-containing composite. The flame retardancy of the composite is enhanced when 2 wt % ATH flame retardant synergist is added. The study suggests that the improved thermal stability and flame retardancy of the composite containing ATH may be due to the reaction of ATH with ammonium polyphosphate, which generates phosphate and increases the particle size of ATH. Additionally, this reaction produces high-temperature resistant inorganic compounds such as Al(H
2
PO
4
)
3
, which can easily connect ATH particles together to form aggregates, resulting in a layered char structure after combustion.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Ebola virus (EBOV), one of the deadliest viruses, is the cause of fatal Ebola virus disease (EVD). The underlying mechanism of viral replication and EBOV-related hemorrhage is not fully understood. ...Here, we show that EBOV VP35, a cofactor of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, binds human A kinase interacting protein (AKIP1), which consequently activates protein kinase A (PKA) and the PKA-downstream transcription factor CREB1. During EBOV infection, CREB1 is recruited into EBOV ribonucleoprotein complexes in viral inclusion bodies (VIBs) and employed for viral replication. AKIP1 depletion or PKA-CREB1 inhibition dramatically impairs EBOV replication. Meanwhile, the transcription of several coagulation-related genes, including THBD and SERPINB2, is substantially upregulated by VP35-dependent CREB1 activation, which may contribute to EBOV-related hemorrhage. The finding that EBOV VP35 hijacks the host PKA-CREB1 signal axis for viral replication and pathogenesis provides novel potential therapeutic approaches against EVD.
The inherent π-π interfacial interaction between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polystyrene (PS) makes the CNT/PS composite a representative thermoplastic nanocomposite. However, the strong van der ...Waals force among CNTs poses challenges to achieving effective dispersion. This review provides an overview of various CNT functionalization methods for CNT/PS composites, encompassing covalent grafting with PS-related polymers and non-covalent modification. A focus in this section involves the pre-introduction surface modification of CNTs with PS or PS-related polymers, substantially enhancing both CNT dispersibility and interfacial compatibility within the PS matrix. Furthermore, a comprehensive summary of the mechanical, electrical, thermal, and electromagnetic shielding properties of CNT/PS nanocomposites is provided, offering an overall understanding of this material. The surface modification methods of CNTs reviewed in this paper can be extended to carbon material/aromatic polymer composites, assisting researchers in customizing the optimal surface modification methods for CNTs, maximizing their dispersibility, and fully unleashing the various properties of CNTs/polymer composites. Additionally, high-performance CNTs/PS composites prepared using appropriate CNT modification methods have potential applications in areas such as electronic devices, sensors, and energy storage and conversion.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Fusarium wilt was significantly suppressed in biogas slurry (BS) amended plots.•BS flooding enhanced disease suppression over that in less moist conditions.•Fusarium wilt was negatively correlated ...with NH4+-N, AK, DOC and DON in soil.•Fusarium wilt was positively correlated to soil pH and soil redox potential (Eh).
The rapid development of biogas production will result in increased use of biogas slurry (BS) as organic fertilizer. However, side effects such as suppression of soilborne diseases are not yet well investigated and understood. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of biogas slurry application on suppression of Fusarium wilt disease of watermelon and its relationship with soil chemical and microbiological properties. Pot and field experiments were conducted to compare effects of biogas slurry application on Fusarium wilt disease suppression of watermelon in soil with a moisture content of 60% water holding capacity (WHC) or flooded continuously. Fusarium wilt was significantly suppressed in soil from biogas slurry amended plots. Biogas slurry flooding enhanced the degree of suppression in the pot experiment. Moreover, the biogas slurry treatment also significantly suppressed Fusarium wilt in the field with a disease index of 33.2% compared with 69.6% in water treatment. Biogas slurry strongly reduced the pathogen population in rhizosphere soil. The populations were decreased by 43.1% and 95.9% in the biogas slurry moist and flooding treatments, respectively. Biolog data indicated that average well color development (AWCD) and Shannon-weaver index were increased significantly in biogas flooding treatment. Principal component analysis showed that Fusarium wilt was negatively correlated with NH4+-N, available K (AK), water-soluble carbon (DOC), water soluble nitrogen (DON) and phenolic acid (PA) contents in soil and positively correlated to soil pH and soil redox potential (Eh). Microbial communities, in general, did not significantly correlate with disease suppression.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Epoxy resin-based composites have an important and extensive application value in both military and civilian, but their poor fire safety hinders their further development. Therefore, it is very ...important to improve the flame retardant properties of epoxy resin matrix composites, and a large number of literature reports have appeared in recent years. Biogenic epoxy resin flame retardants have emerged as the times require due to the problems of large amount of addition, difficult dispersion and low interfacial strength of epoxy resin flame retardants, as well as the continuous improvement of people's awareness of green chemistry and sustainable development. In this review, scholars will realize the necessity of flame retardant epoxy resin, understand the burning process, type of flame retardants and flame retardant mechanism of epoxy resin. Mastering the preparation method of epoxy resin flame retardants related to the two most popular biogenic materials, phytic acid (PA) and chitosan (CS), and the influence on the performance of epoxy resin matrix and the flame retardant mechanism. Discovering the advantages, challenges and prospects of biogenic materials PA and CS in the research of flame retardant properties of epoxy resins.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This study aims to improve the osteogenic differentiation in vitro and bone formation in vivo through polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds modified with the osteogenic growth peptide (OGP). ...Three-dimensional (3D)-printed PCL scaffolds were designed with computer-aided design (CAD) software and fabricated by 3D layer-by-layer fused deposition. After the scaffold surfaces were modified by surface amination, the OGP was successfully loaded onto the scaffolds using a electrostatic self-assembly method. The effects of these scaffolds on the biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) were studied in vitro. The modification did not influence the adhesion or proliferation, but had a notable osteogenic effect in vitro. This may be attributed to the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK) signalling pathway. Based on the results obtained after implantation into a rat cranial defect model, the PCL/OGP scaffolds notably promoted bone formation and accelerated mineralisation. The innovative modification method introduced in this work, will improve the application of PCL scaffolds in tissue engineering.
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•Three-dimensional-printed polycaprolactone scaffolds fabricated by three-dimensional layer-by-layer deposition.•The polycaprolactone/osteogenic growth peptide scaffolds were fabricated by electrostatic self-assembly.•The modification was beneficial to the hydrophilicity and did not influence the biocompatibility of the scaffolds.•The polycaprolactone/osteogenic growth peptide scaffold promotes the osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Biochar is a new eco-material with the potential to control soilborne diseases. This study explored the relationship between the rhizosphere fungal community and the suppression of Phytophthora ...blight of pepper in the context of time after biochar application. A pot experiment was conducted and rhizosphere soils were sampled to determine the biochar-induced soil chemical properties, fungal community composition, and abundance of biocontrol fungi. The biochar-enriched fungal strains were screened by the selective isolation method, and their control effects against Phytophthora blight of pepper were determined using a pot experiment. Biochar treatments effectively inhibited pathogen growth and controlled the disease, with biochar applied immediately before planting (BC0) having greater effects than that applied 20 days before planting (BC20). Compared to the control, biochar-amended rhizosphere soils had a higher pH, available nutrient content, and fungal richness and diversity. Moreover, biochar treatments significantly increased the abundance of potential biocontrol fungi. The proliferation in BC0 was stronger as compared to that in BC20. Several strains belonging to Aspergillus, Chaetomium, and Trichoderma, which were enriched by biochar amendment, demonstrated effective control of Phytophthora blight of pepper. Canonical correspondence and Pearson's correlation analysis showed that a high content of soil-available nutrients in biochar treatments was favorable to the proliferation of beneficial fungi, which was negatively correlated with both the abundance of Phytophthora capsici and disease severity. In conclusion, biochar-mediated improvement in the fungal community suppressed the Phytophthora blight of pepper. The biochar application time had a great impact on the control effect, possibly due to the short-term proliferative effect of the biochar on biocontrol fungi.
WS
2
/nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) nanocomposite was prepared by mechanical blending. The vulcanization and mechanical behavior, contact angle with water, friction and wear properties, as well as ...thermal stability were measured to investigate the influence of nano WS
2
content on the NBR. Moreover, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and element dispersive spectrum analysis (EDS) were used to analyze the tensile failure mechanism of the WS
2
/NBR nanocomposite. Results showed that the tensile strength, elongation at break and contact angle with water of the vulcanized rubber reached their maxima when the content of nano WS
2
was 10 parts. Furthermore, fast vulcanization rate and the minimum friction and wear properties were also observed. The tear strength, rebound resilience and electrical resistivity decreased with the increment of WS
2
content, while the hardness and thermal stability increased. Investigation on tensile fracture showed that crack growth was mainly caused by stress concentration.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In this paper, the alumina nitrile rubber was prepared by mechanical blending. The effects of different amount of alumina doping on tensile, tearing and tribological properties of nitrile rubber were ...studied and analyzed. The results show that the tensile and tear fracture of alumina nitrile rubber is neat, and there are crack propagation and rapid fracture stages, which do not affect the basic fracture mechanism of nitrile rubber. The doping of alumina enhances the matrix strength of nitrile rubber. When 5 g alumina is added, the synergistic load-bearing effect of alumina and nitrile rubber makes the composite have the best wear resistance, and the wear resistance is more obvious at high load and high speed. In friction test, alumina nitrile rubber mainly shows fatigue and adhesive wear.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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