Fluorescent probes capable of in vivo lipids labeling are highly desirable for studying lipid‐accumulation‐related metabolic diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type‐2 diabetes, and ...atherosclerosis. However, most of the current lipid‐specific fluorophores cannot be used for in vivo labeling due to their strong hydrophobicity. Herein, organic dots from bright luminogens with aggregation‐induced emission (AIEgen) are developed for in vivo labeling and three‐photon fluorescence imaging of lipid‐rich tissues, such as fatty liver, atherosclerotic plaques in brain vasculatures, and carotid arteries. The organic dots show excellent stability in an aqueous medium with high targeting specificity to lipids and strong three‐photon fluorescence in the far‐red/near‐infrared (NIR) region under NIR‐II laser excitation, which enables efficient in vivo labeling and imaging of lipids in deep tissues. The study will inspire the development of lipid‐targeting fluorophores for in vivo applications.
Stable aggregation‐induced‐emission (AIE) dots in an aqueous medium are synthesized for in vivo labeling of lipids. The ultrabright fluorescence in the far‐red/near‐infrared (NIR) region (quantum yield of 26%) enables intravital three‐photon fluorescence imaging of lipids in fatty liver and atherosclerotic plaques in brain vasculatures and carotid arteries under NIR‐II laser excitation.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Earth's habitability is closely tied to its late-stage accretion, during which impactors delivered the majority of life-essential volatiles. However, the nature of these final building blocks remains ...poorly constrained. Nickel (Ni) can be a useful tracer in characterizing this accretion as most Ni in the bulk silicate Earth (BSE) comes from the late-stage impactors. Here, we apply Ni stable isotope analysis to a large number of meteorites and terrestrial rocks, and find that the BSE has a lighter Ni isotopic composition compared to chondrites. Using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory, we show that core-mantle differentiation cannot produce the observed light Ni isotopic composition of the BSE. Rather, the sub-chondritic Ni isotopic signature was established during Earth's late-stage accretion, probably through the Moon-forming giant impact. We propose that a highly reduced sulfide-rich, Mercury-like body, whose mantle is characterized by light Ni isotopic composition, collided with and merged into the proto-Earth during the Moon-forming giant impact, producing the sub-chondritic Ni isotopic signature of the BSE, while delivering sulfur and probably other volatiles to the Earth.
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to play key roles in the progression of diabetes, hypertension, ...and hypercholesterolemia, which are independent risk factors that lead to atherosclerosis and the development of IHD. Engineered biomaterial‐based nanomedicines are under extensive investigation and exploration, serving as smart and multifunctional nanocarriers for synergistic therapeutic effect. Capitalizing on cell/molecule‐targeting drug delivery, nanomedicines present enhanced specificity and safety with favorable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Herein, the roles of ROS in both IHD and its risk factors are discussed, highlighting cardiovascular medications that have antioxidant properties, and summarizing the advantages, properties, and recent achievements of nanomedicines that have ROS scavenging capacity for the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion, and myocardial infarction. Finally, the current challenges of nanomedicines for ROS‐scavenging treatment of IHD and possible future directions are discussed from a clinical perspective.
The current developments, achievements, challenges, and future directions of reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐scavenging nanomedicine for the treatment of ischemic heart disease (IHD), as well as their risk factors, are reviewed. The properties, generation, and physiological roles of ROS in the process of IHD development and progression are discussed.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The COVID‐19 pandemic, induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has caused great impact on the global economy and people's daily life. In the clinic, most patients ...with COVID‐19 show none or mild symptoms, while approximately 20% of them develop severe pneumonia, multiple organ failure, or septic shock due to infection‐induced cytokine release syndrome (the so‐called “cytokine storm”). Neutralizing antibodies targeting inflammatory cytokines may potentially curb immunopathology caused by COVID‐19; however, the complexity of cytokine interactions and the multiplicity of cytokine targets make attenuating the cytokine storm challenging. Nonspecific in vivo biodistribution and dose‐limiting side effects further limit the broad application of those free antibodies. Recent advances in biomaterials and nanotechnology have offered many promising opportunities for infectious and inflammatory diseases. Here, potential mechanisms of COVID‐19 cytokine storm are first discussed, and relevant therapeutic strategies and ongoing clinical trials are then reviewed. Furthermore, recent research involving emerging biomaterials for improving antibody‐based and broad‐spectrum cytokine neutralization is summarized. It is anticipated that this work will provide insights on the development of novel therapeutics toward efficacious management of COVID‐19 cytokine storm and other inflammatory diseases.
Enabled by recent advances in materials science and nanotechnology, emerging biomaterials hold great potential to provide better solutions for COVID‐19 cytokine storm and other inflammatory diseases. By reviewing the state‐of‐the‐art cytokine neutralization systems and highlighting the promising technology development, this work intends to spark further research and development activity in this critical research area.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Higher-order topological insulators are established as topological crystalline insulators protected by crystalline symmetries. One celebrated example is the second-order topological insulator in ...three dimensions that hosts chiral hinge modes protected by crystalline symmetries. Since amorphous solids are ubiquitous, it is important to ask whether such a second-order topological insulator can exist in an amorphous system without any spatial order. Here, we predict the existence of a second-order topological insulating phase in an amorphous system without any crystalline symmetry. Such a topological phase manifests in the winding number of the quadrupole moment, the quantized longitudinal conductance, and the hinge states. Furthermore, in stark contrast to the viewpoint that structural disorder should be detrimental to the higher-order topological phase, we remarkably find that structural disorder can induce a second-order topological insulator from a topologically trivial phase in a regular geometry. We finally demonstrate the existence of a second-order topological phase in amorphous systems with time-reversal symmetry.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
In this paper, firstly, on the basis of time series analysis, considering the validity of data research data, it is necessary to carry out the pre-processing process of independent variables and ...dependent variables of temple frescoes and then select the characteristic variables of temple frescoes, and get the multivariate time series of temple frescoes through wavelet correlation analysis of the characteristic variables of temple frescoes. Then, construct the classification model of temple frescoes based on the multivariate time series through the image processing of temple frescoes, get the feature values applicable to the model classification, considering the accuracy and convergence of the model classification, the temple frescoes features are needed to be extracted and trained, and at the same time, the evolution of the historical style of the traditional temple frescoes is analyzed by examples. The results show that in terms of performance, the method of this paper achieves 90.34% accuracy, and the comparison results of two indicators, recall and F1 value, also show that this paper shows good performance compared with the other four models. In the correlation analysis, it is found that there is a significant correlation between the rich artistic heritage of dynasties (P=0.66>0.05), the economic prosperity of dynasties (P=0.75>0.05) and the evolution of the historical style of temple frescoes, and it is proposed that traditional temple frescoes are protected and developed paths.
Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are the two most important reactions in rechargeable metal‐air battery, a promising technology to meet the energy requirements for ...various applications. The development of low‐cost, highly efficient and stable bifunctional ORR/OER catalysts is critical for a large‐scale application of this technology. In this review, the authors first introduce the fundamentals of bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalysis in alkaline electrolyte. Various types of nanostructured materials as bifunctional ORR/OER catalysts including metal oxide, hydroxide and sulfide, functional carbon material, metal, and their composites are then reviewed. The crucial factors that can be used to tune the activity of the catalyst towards ORR/OER are summarized, including (1) phase, morphology, crystal facet, defect, mixed‐metal and strain engineering for metal oxide; (2) heteroatom doping, topological defects, and formation of metal‐N‐C structure for carbon material; (3) alloy effect for metal. These experiences lay the foundation for large scale application of metal‐air battery and can also effectively guide the rational design of catalysts for other electrocatalytic reactions.
Recent progress on the design and synthesis of bifunctional oxygen reduction/evolution electrocatalysts used in alkaline electrolyte is reviewed. Various types of nanostructured catalysts including metal oxide, hydroxide and sulfide, functional carbon material, metal, and their composites, are presented. The crucial factors determining the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance are also summarized.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Immobilization of planar CoII‐2,3‐naphthalocyanine (NapCo) complexes onto doped graphene resulted in a heterogeneous molecular Co electrocatalyst that was active and selective to reduce CO2 into CO ...in aqueous solution. A systematic study revealed that graphitic sulfoxide and carboxyl dopants of graphene were the efficient binding sites for the immobilization of NapCo through axial coordination and resulted in active Co sites for CO2 reduction. Compared to carboxyl dopants, the sulfoxide dopants further improved the electron communication between NapCo and graphene, which led to the increase of turnover frequency of the Co sites by about 3 times for CO production with a Faradic efficiency up to 97 %. Pristine NapCo in the absence of a graphene support did not display efficient electron communication with the electrode and thus failed to serve as the electrochemical active site for CO2 reduction under the identical conditions.
No plain, no gain: Immobilization of planar CoII‐2,3‐naphthalocyanine (NapCo) complexes onto sulfoxide or carboxyl doped graphene resulted in a heterogeneous molecular Co electrocatalyst that was active and selective to reduce CO2 into CO in aqueous solution.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Bovine milk constitutes an essential part of human diet, especially for children, due to its enrichment of various nutrients. We recently developed an effective protocol for the isolation of ...extracellular vesicles from milk (mEVs) and discovered that mEVs contained large amounts of immune-active proteins and modulated the gut immunity and microbiota in healthy mice. Here, we aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of mEVs on inflammatory bowel disease.
MicroRNAs and protein content in mEVs were analyzed by RNA sequencing and proteomics, respectively, followed by functional annotation. Ulcerative colitis (UC) was induced by feeding mice with dextran sulfate sodium. Intestinal immune cell populations were phenotyped by flow cytometry, and the gut microbiota was analyzed
16S rRNA sequencing.
We showed that abundant proteins and microRNAs in mEVs were involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory pathways and that oral administration of mEVs prevented colon shortening, reduced intestinal epithelium disruption, inhibited infiltration of inflammatory cells and tissue fibrosis in a mouse UC model. Mechanistically, mEVs attenuated inflammatory response
inhibiting TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, mEVs were able to correct cytokine production disorder and restore the balance between T helper type 17 (Th17) cells and interleukin-10
Foxp3
regulatory T (Treg) cells in the inflamed colon. The disturbed gut microbiota in UC was also partially recovered upon treatment with mEVs. The correlation between the gut microbiota and cytokines suggests that mEVs may modulate intestinal immunity
influencing the gut microbiota.
These findings reveal that mEVs alleviate colitis by regulating intestinal immune homeostasis
inhibiting TLR4-NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways, restoring Treg/Th17 cell balance, and reshaping the gut microbiota.
This paper presents an innovation work on the development of a novel energy-absorbing bolt characterized by an extraordinarily large elongation and high constant resistance. The bolt has a compound ...structure consisting of a cone-like piston sliding inside an elastically-deformable sleeve pipe. The frictional resistance generated by the sliding of the cone body relative to the internal surface of the sleeve pipe was mathematically formulated which is dependent on the elastic property of the sleeve pipe, the geometry of the cone and the frictional properties of the sliding interface, and independent of the external loads under the static loading conditions. A dashpot element for the cone-sleeve relative motion, termed “stick-slip element”, was proposed in construction of the lumped-mass model of the bolt for development of the constitutive equations that exhibits a frequency-dependent frictional behavior and a stick-slip oscillating response. The results from the static pull tests compared very well with the predicted working resistances, energy-absorbing capacity and elongations. The time-marching scheme of the bolt׳s impact load from the weight-dropping tests evolves with the pulsation response in the initial phase, stick-slip oscillation in the subsequent regime over which the dynamic energy is consumed, and a quasi-linear attenuation in the later phase. It demonstrates the fact that this bolt is robust in damping the dynamic load. The analytical work in this study provides solutions in the assessment of the large deformation and establishment of the forewarning precursors associated with deep mines.
•A novel energy-absorbing bolt was developed with unique working resistance generation mechanism.•Bolt can yield at high strength with large elongation in response to the loading.•Stick-slip model was established to model the load–elongation behavior of the bolt.•Static pull tests and dynamic impact tests were conducted to validate the analytical solutions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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