The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, composed of several continental slivers within the eastern Tethyan domain, is one of the pivotal sites to examine to better understand the theory of plate tectonics and the ...orogenic evolution on Earth. This plateau is generally inferred to be a collage of several continental blocks that rifted from Gondwanaland and subsequently accreted to the Asian continent. However, recent recognition of over twenty ophiolite mélange zones and their associated island arcs indicates that the traditional model of tectonic evolution requires revision. Based on 177 recently finished 1:250,000 scale geological maps and related studies, we summarize the main tectonic context of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and propose a new integrated model to account for the new findings. The complex orogen of the immense Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, consisting of multiple island arc-basin systems that developed at different stages while surrounded by the North China, Yangtze, Tarim, and Indian plates, is emphasized. The entire orogen, surrounded by suture zones that mark the locations of oceanic closure, is investigated by examining (I) the first-order tectonic units and ophiolitic mélanges (including arc–arc/continent collision zones) and (II) their internally enclosed blocks as the second-order tectonic units. Therefore, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is divided into three major orogenic systems, namely, from northeast to southwest, the Early Paleozoic Qinling–Qilianshan–Kunlunshan (Qin–Qi–Kun), the Late Paleozoic–Triassic Qiangtang–Sanjiang, and the Late Paleozoic to Cenozoic Gangdese–Himalaya orogenic systems, which are separated by the Kangxiwa–Muzitagh–Maqin–Mianxian and the Bangong–Shuanghu–Changning–Menglian sutures, respectively. We propose that the formation and evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to have been intrinsically related to those of the eastern Tethys, recorded by the Longmu Co-Shuanghu ophiolite mélange zone, the Southern Qiangtang Paleozoic accretionary arc-basin system, the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone, and their associated, composite island arc-basin systems. The present-day Bangong–Shuanghu–Changning–Menglian suture system marks the final closure of the Tethyan Ocean. The Yarlung Zangbo Ocean opened as a back-arc basin in response to the southward subduction of the Tethyan Ocean lithosphere in the Middle Triassic and closed as a result of the India–Asia collision at the end of Cretaceous, followed by the northward indention of the Indian plate that resulted in significant intra-continental deformation and plateau uplift in the Cenozoic.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
This paper proposed a real-time fault diagnostic method for hydraulic systems using data collected from multiple sensors. The method is based on a proposed multi-sensor convolutional neural network ...(MS-CNN) that incorporates feature extraction, sensor selection, and fault diagnosis into an end-to-end model. Both the sensor selection process and fault diagnosis process are based on abstract fault-related features learned by a CNN deep learning model. Therefore, compared with the traditional sensor-and-feature selection method, the proposed MS-CNN can find the sensor channels containing higher-level fault-related features, which provides two advantages for diagnosis. First, the sensor selection can reduce the redundant information and improve the diagnostic performance of the model. Secondly, the reduced number of sensors simplifies the model, reducing communication burden and computational complexity. These two advantages make the MS-CNN suitable for real-time hydraulic system fault diagnosis, in which the multi-sensor feature extraction and the computation speed are both significant. The proposed MS-CNN approach is evaluated experimentally on an electric-hydraulic subsea control system test rig and an open-source dataset. The proposed method shows obvious superiority in terms of both diagnosis accuracy and computational speed when compared with traditional CNN models and other state-of-the-art multi-sensor diagnostic methods.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Miga is an evolutionarily conserved protein that localizes to the outer membrane of mitochondria and mediates endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial contacts through interaction with VAP proteins ...in the ER. We recently reported that Miga is required for autophagosome-lysosome fusion during macroautophagy/autophagy. Miga binds to Atg14 and Uvrag, two alternative subunits of the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K) complex. Miga regulates phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) levels through its interaction with Uvrag and its ER-mitochondrial contact site (ERMCS) tethering activity. Miga stabilizes Atg14, which maintains steady levels of the SNARE protein, Syx17. We propose that Miga establishes a direct link between mitochondria and autophagy to maintain cellular homeostasis.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
This study explores the use of Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) for thermodynamic characteristics of serrated plate-fin heat exchanger (PFHE) under numerical simulation method. Numerical ...investigations on the important structural parameters of the serrated fin and the
factor and the
factor of PFHE are conducted, and the experimental correlations about the
factor and the
factor are determined by comparing the simulation results with the experimental data. Meanwhile, based on the principle of minimum entropy generation, the thermodynamic analysis of the heat exchanger is investigated, and the optimization calculation is carried out by MOGA. The comparison results between optimized structure and original show that the
factor increases by 3.7%, the
factor decreases by 7.8%, and the entropy generation number decreases by 31%. From the data point of view, the optimized structure has the most obvious effect on the entropy generation number, which shows that the entropy generation number can be more sensitive to the irreversible changes caused by the structural parameters, and at the same time, the
factor is appropriately increased.
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The Moebius topology (twisted, single-sided strip) is intriguing because of its structural elegance and distinct properties. Here we report the generation of block copolymer Moebius strips via a fast ...self-assembly of chiral block copolymer polystyrene-block-poly(D-lactide acid) (PS-b-PDLA) in tetrahydrofuran/water mixed solvents. The Moebius strip is formed by morphological evolution from large compound micelle (LCM) to spindle-like micelle (SLM) and then to toroid with a 180° twist along the ring. Mechanism insight reveals that a subtle balance of crystallization of PDLA and microphase separation between PS and PDLA chains dominates the formation of Moebius strips. An intriguing helix-helix transition occurs during the chiral transfer from microphase to assemblies, which is driven by relaxation of the internal stress within SLM related to orientated stretching of PS chains. Mesoporous chiral channels can be generated within Moebius strips after removal of PDLA, which are interesting in chiral recognition, separation and asymmetric catalysis.
Constructing polymeric toroids with a uniform, tunable size is challenging. Reported herein is the formation of uniform toroids from poly(γ‐benzyl‐l‐glutamate)‐graft‐poly(ethylene glycol) ...(PBLG‐g‐PEG) graft copolymers by a two‐step self‐assembly process. In the first step, uniform rodlike micelles are prepared by dialyzing the polymer dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/N,N′‐dimethylformamide (DMF) against water. With the addition of THF in the second step, the rodlike micelles curve and then close end‐to‐end to form uniform toroids, which resemble a cyclization reaction.
Rodlike micelles, self‐assembled from polypeptide graft copolymers with rigid backbones, can exclusively close end‐to‐end to form toroids under solvent and temperature stimuli. This transformation resembles a cyclization reaction.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The polymers can be either dynamically tethered to or permanently grafted to the nanoparticle to produce polymer-functionalized nanoparticles. The surface mobility of polymer ligands with one end ...anchored to the nanoparticle can affect the surface pattern, but the effect remains unclear. Here, we addressed the influence of lateral polymer mobility on surface patterns by performing self-consistent field theory calculations on a modeled polymer-functionalized nanoparticle consisting of immobile and mobile brushes. The results show that except for the radius of nanoparticles and grafting density, the fraction of mobile brushes substantially influences the surface patterning of polymer-functionalized nanoparticles, including striped patterns and patchy patterns with various patches. The number of patches on a nanoparticle increases as the fraction of mobile brushes decreases, favored by the entropy of immobile brushes. Critically, we found that broken symmetry usually occurs in patchy nanoparticles, associated with the balance of enthalpic and entropic effects. The present work provides a fundamental understanding of the dependence of surface patterning on lateral polymer mobility. The work could also guide the preparation of diversified nanopatterns, especially for the asymmetric patchy nanoparticles, enabling the fundamental investigation of the interaction between polymer-functionalized nanoparticles.
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Hybrid materials with hierarchical nanostructures are of great interest for their advanced functions. However, the effect of the formation of hierarchical nanostructures on properties is not well ...understood. Here, through combining dissipative particle dynamics simulation and the finite‐difference time‐domain method, the optical properties of hierarchically ordered nanostructures formed by mixtures of A(BC)n multiblock copolymers and nanoparticles (NPs) are investigated. A series of hierarchically ordered nanostructures with multiple small‐length‐scale hybrid domains are obtained from the self‐assembly of A(BC)n/NP. An increase and blueshift in optical absorption are observed when the number of small‐length‐scale hybrid domains increases. The small‐length‐scale hybrid domains enhance light scattering, which consequently contributes to the improved optical performance. These findings can yield guidelines for designing hierarchically ordered functional nanocomposites with light‐harvesting characteristics.
Hierarchically ordered nanostructures with multiple small‐length‐scale hybrid domains are formed by mixtures of multiblock copolymers and nanoparticles. Theoretical simulations reveal that the hierarchical hybrid nanostructures give rise to an increase and blueshift in optical absorption.
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Hierarchically ordered microstructures, self-assembled from copolymers, have drawn considerable attentions in the last decades. Study of hierarchical microstructure impacts many realms such as ...material engineering and biology science. In this article, notable recent advances in the fields of hierarchical polymeric microstructures generated in either bulk or selective solvents are highlighted, from both the experimental and theoretical/simulation aspects. The polymer systems for the hierarchical microstructures are concentrated on multiblock copolymers and polymer blends with/without non-covalent bonding interactions. Particular emphasis is placed on what governs the self-assembly of hierarchical microstructures from a diversity of designed copolymer systems, how to classify the types of non-frustrated and frustrated hierarchical structures, and where the future opportunities are.
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