A maternal factor affects seed fatty acid biosynthesis and inhibits seed lipid accumulation by targeting seed development and down-regulating a group of genes critical to embryonic development.
Fatty ...acids (
FA
s) and
FA
-derived complex lipids play important roles in plant growth and vegetative development and are a class of prominent metabolites stored in mature seeds. The factors and regulatory networks that control
FA
accumulation in plant seeds remain largely unknown. The role of
TRANSPARENT TESTA8
(
TT8
) in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis and the formation of seed coat color is extensively studied; however, its function in affecting seed
FA
biosynthesis is poorly understood. In this article, we show that Arabidopsis (
Arabidopsis thaliana
)
TT8
acts maternally to affect seed
FA
biosynthesis and inhibits seed
FA
accumulation by down-regulating a group of genes either critical to embryonic development or important in the
FA
biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, the
tt8
mutation resulted in reduced deposition of protein in seeds during maturation. Posttranslational activation of a TT8-GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR fusion protein and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that TT8 represses the activities of
LEAFY COTYLEDON1
,
LEAFY COTYLEDON2
, and
FUSCA3
, the critical transcriptional factors important for seed development, as well as
CYTIDINEDIPHOSPHATE DIACYLGLYCEROL SYNTHASE2
, which mediates glycerolipid biosynthesis. These results help us to understand the entire function of
TT8
and increase our knowledge of the complicated networks regulating the formation of
FA
-derived complex lipids in plant seeds.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
: Ho(AcAc) sub(3) modified ZnO quantum dots (QDs) were successfully prepared via a conventional method. The FTIR spectra were taken to explore the combination of Ho(AcAc) sub(3) and ZnO QDs. The ...addition of Ho(AcAc) sub(3) could lower the emission intensity of ZnO QDs by modifying the defects of ZnO QDs. Three types of ZnO QDs with different optical defects were used to composite with Ho(AcAc) sub(3). The effect of Ho(AcAc) sub(3) on different optical defects in ZnO QDs was distinctive. Ho(AcAc) sub(3) modified ZnO QDs were successfully composited with the epoxy resin. With the addition of ZnO QDs, the emission intensity and UV absorption increased. Samples with Ho(AcAc) sub(3) had higher visible light transmittance than those without Ho(AcAc) sub(3). As such, Ho(AcAc) sub(3) could improve the dispersity of ZnO QDs in epoxy. Thus, Ho(AcAc) sub(3) could act as a compatibilizer between ZnO QDs and epoxy resin.
Summary
TRANSPARENT TESTA
2 (
TT
2) regulates the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins in the seed coat of
A
rabidopsis. We recently found that
TT
2 also participates in inhibition of fatty acid (
FA
) ...biosynthesis in the seed embryo. However, the mechanism by which
TT
2 suppresses the accumulation of seed
FA
remains unclear. In this study, we show that
TT
2
is expressed in embryos at an early developmental stage.
TT
2 is directly bound to the regulatory region of
FUSCA
3
(
FUS
3
), and mediates the expression of numerous genes in the
FA
biosynthesis pathway. These genes include
BCCP
2
,
CAC
2
,
MOD
1
and
KASII
, which encode proteins involved in the initial steps of
FA
chain formation,
FAD
2
and
FAD
3
, which are responsible for
FA
desaturation, and
FAE
1
, which catalyzes very‐long‐chain
FA
elongation. Loss of function of
TT
2
results in reduced expression of
GLABRA
2
but does not cause a significant reduction in the mucilage attached to the seed coats, which competes with
FA
for photosynthates.
TT
2
is expressed in both maternal seed coats and embryonic tissues, but proanthocyanidins are only found in wild‐type seed coats and not in embryonic tissues. The amount of proanthocyanidins in the seed coat is negatively correlated with the amount of
FA
s in the embryo.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
In order to investigate the factors affecting milk urea nitrogen in Chinese Holstein cows, a large commercial dairy farm participated in a 30-month study. In this study, the mean milk urea ...nitrogen concentration was 11.75 mg/dl. The milk urea nitrogen reached its maximum value on day 90 of lactation for the first parity and the third or higher parities, but it peaked at the end of lactation for the second parity. The milk urea nitrogen of the first parity was lower than that of other parities. The milk urea nitrogen showed its minimum level in January, and reached its maximum in July. The milk urea nitrogen at the first month of lactation in cows calving in summer was higher than other seasons, while at the fourth month of lactation, the milk urea nitrogen of cows calving in autumn was significantly lower than in cows calving in other seasons. Positive correlations were observed between daily milk yield, net energy for lactation, crude protein and milk urea nitrogen for the first and third parities, but negative correlations were observed in the second parity. The milk urea nitrogen showed significantly positive correlations with fat content, total solid content and daily matter intake for all parities. A negative correlation was observed between milk urea nitrogen and protein content, with the exception of the second parity. For all data, as milk urea nitrogen concentration increased, milk protein content decreased. It has been recommended that milk urea nitrogen concentration should be evaluated in combination with parity, days in milk, season (or month), daily matter intake and dietary nutritional components, in order to improve the management and economic benefits of dairy farm.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Double perovskite KLaMgWO sub(6):Eu super(3+) phosphors were successfully synthesized by an improved sol-gel method using citric acid and polyethylene glycol as complexing agents. The structure ...evolution and photoluminescence were systematically invested by X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement and fluorescence spectra. The structure of Eu super(3+) doped samples was double-perovskite with space group C2/m. Enhanced luminescence properties were gotten by adding 5.0 wt% PEG. Na super(+) with smaller radius was selected to substitute K super(+) in this novel host. With increasing the concentration of Na super(+), the tolerance factors decreased and the structure of BO sub(6) tilted gradually and lowered structure symmetry. Then the emission intensity ratio of super(5)D sub(0)- super(7)F sub(2)/ super(5)D sub(0)- super(7)F sub(1) transition increased and the red emission played the dominate role. Also the emission intensity was enhanced by increasing the concentration of Na super(+). The phosphors showed better color purity with better CIE chromaticity coordinates. Therefore the synthesized phosphors is a potential light conversion red material for light emitting diode.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Series samples of Dy super(3+)/Bi super(3+) co-doped Gd sub(3)Al sub(5)O sub(12) phosphors were successfully prepared by sol-gel combustion method. The phase composition, morphology and luminescence ...properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, photoluminescence, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra, and fluorescent decay curves. Dy super(3+)-Bi super(3+) co-doping had no significant effect on the host lattice of Gd sub(3)Al sub(5)O sub(12) (GAG). The quenching concentration of Dy super(3+) in Gd sub(3-x) Al sub(5)O sub(12):xDy super(3+) was determined to be 6.0 mol% (x = 0.06). At the optimal Dy super(3+) content of 6.0 mol%, the emission intensity of Dy super(3+) was greatly enhanced by Bi super(3+) co-doping. The incorporation of Bi super(3+) in GAG sample well improved the emission intensity of Dy super(3+) through the energy transfer from Bi super(3+) to Dy super(3+). The optimized composition was determined to be Gd sub(2.895)Al sub(5)O sub(12):0.06Dy super(3+), 0.045Bi super(3+). The chromaticity coordinate shifted to green edge area after co-doping Bi super(3+) in GAG:Dy super(3+) phosphors. The enhanced intensity and tuned luminous color of Dy super(3+)/Bi super(3+) co-doped GAG phosphors provided a promising application in white light emitting diodes (WLEDs), scintillation and some other optical fields.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Hierarchical hybrid nanostructures are desirable materials for microwave absorption (MA) capacity. However, how to obtain this kind of versatile structural materials still remains a great challenge. ...In this work, a novel MA composite of MnO sub(2)iMoO sub(4) was synthesized viatwo-step hydrothermal processes combined with a simple annealing process. As confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy analysis, the well-defined NiMoO sub(4) nanosheets could uniformly cover the surface of the MnO sub(2) nanorods. Compared with pure MnO sub(2) nanorods, these hierarchical composite structures could provide a higher superficial area, and more effective components, which will favor the penetration of microwaves into the absorber effectively instead of reflecting it, and then translate it into thermal energy. The minimum reflection loss (RL) value of MnO sub(2)iMoO sub(4) composites was -31.4 dB at 11.2 GHz with a thickness of 3 mm, and the band of reflection loss was below -10 dB when frequency was in the range from 9.6 to 14.1 GHz. However, the minimum RL value of MnO sub(2) was only -12.5 dB at 10.4 GHz with a thickness of 3 mm. The significantly enhanced microwave absorption of MnO sub(2)iMoO sub(4) composites is mainly attributed to the hierarchical hybrid nanostructures, multi-effective components, good impedance matching, and interfacial polarization between MnO sub(2) and NiMoO sub(4). Meanwhile, the surface attached NiMoO sub(4) is useful to increase the multiple reflection of electromagneticwaves. It is believed that these MnO sub(2)iMoO sub(4) composites could serve as an excellent microwave absorber in practical applications.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
Understanding the mechanisms controlling transcription of a gene requires the identification and characterization of its cis-acting regulatory elements. A highly useful approach to the identification ...and characterization of cis-acting elements has been the systematic coupling of genomic fragments to reporter constructs, so called “promoter bashing”. The expression from such reporters must be normalized for differences in transient transfection efficiency between cells and replicates. A novel dual color fluorescent reporter system to assay the promoter activity of a genomic DNA fragment of interest was established by cloning a Discosoma red fluorescent protein gene and a green fluorescent protein gene into a single vector, giving a system in which the ratio between red and green fluorescence is proportional to promoter activity. This system allows real time quantitative monitoring of promoter activity. We validated this approach by assaying the cis-acting regulatory potential of the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma2 gene.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In plants, fatty acids (
FAs
) and
FA
-derived complex lipids are major carbon and energy reserves in seeds. They are essential components of cellular membranes and cellular signal or hormone ...molecules. Although
TRANSPARENT TESTA2
(
TT2
) is well studied for its function in regulating proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in the seed coat, little attention has been given to its role in affecting seed
FA
accumulation and tolerance to environmental stresses. We demonstrate that the
tt2
mutation remarkably increased the seed
FA
content, decreased seed weight, and altered the
FA
composition. The increase in
FA
content in the
tt2
seeds was due to the relative decrease of seed coat proportion as well as the more efficient
FA
synthesis in the
tt2
embryo. Microarray analysis revealed that
tt2
mutation up-regulated a group of genes critical to
FA
biosynthesis and embryonic development. The mutation also altered the gene expressions that respond to stress. The microarray analysis discovered that the increase in
FA
accumulation of the
tt2
seeds were accompanied by the significant up-regulation of
FUSCA3
, a transcriptional factor for embryonic development and
FATTY ACID ELONGASE1
, which catalyzes the elongation of
FA
chains. Moreover, lower seed protein accumulation during seed maturation also contributed to the increased seed
FA
accumulation in
tt2
mutants. This study advances the understanding of the
TT2
gene in seed
FA
accumulation and abiotic stresses during seed germination and seedling establishment.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Combination chemotherapy has improved the life quality of patients suffering from ovarian cancer; however, drug resistance and late relapse lead to a high mortality rate. As a bioactive component in ...zedoary oil, curcumol has been widely used against gynecological tumors in the clinic. However, the bioavailability of curcumol is limited by its indissolubility in water. The design of nano-formulas is promising to improve traditional drugs in the clinic, which is beneficial for the treatment of malignant diseases, especially cancer. Herein, a liposomal curcumol nanocomposite was prepared for the theranostics of human primary ovarian cancer cells from solid tumor tissue in patients. In this uniform nanocomposite, curcumol and a frequently used magnetic resonance contrast agent, gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA), were effectively wrapped in the hydrophobic lipid bilayer and aqueous cavity of the liposome, respectively. Parallel assessments of the anti-tumor ability and mechanism of liposomal curcumol were performed on both SKOV
3
and human primary ovarian cancer cells, and the results indicated the induction of apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by this curcumol nanocomposite
via
the endoplasmic reticulum pathway. Liposomal curcumol has been further confirmed to inhibit the growth of SKOV
3
human ovarian cancer xenografts on tumor-bearing nude mice. Moreover, this gadolinium-based liposomal curcumol nanocomposite exhibited excellent
T
1
-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) capability for the efficient detection of xenograft ovarian cancer, leading to a novel multifunctional therapeutic agent.
A liposomal curcumol nanocomposite has been successfully synthesized for the theranostics of human primary ovarian cancer cells from solid tumor tissue in patients.
PDF
