•Influence of the higher-order nonlinearity on soliton pulse.•Influence of the higher-order dispersion term on output spectrum.•Soliton evolution with soliton splitting.•Propagation properties of M ...solitons.
The complex Swift-Hohenberg equation (CSHE) has been widely studied in recent years. It is a more real model in the mode-locked fiber laser with the saturable absorber due to the addition of the diffraction term compared with the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. In this work, the dynamics process of the traditional soliton and M−type soliton pulses in the mode-locked fiber laser is demonstrated based on the CSHE model with higher-order nonlinear effects. The results show that with the increase of the small signal gain coefficient, the number of soliton molecules adds gradually. Under the same transmission conditions, the transmission of M−type solitons in the laser are more stable than that of single solitons. By adding the self-steepening effect, it can be found that the time-domain shift due to higher-order dispersion effects is compensated. The self-frequency shift effect caused by the Raman scattering can produce not only time domain shift, but also frequency domain shift. Moreover, the addition of higher-order diffraction term can describe the spectral response of multiple peaks, and makes the pulse spectrum show the asymmetric propagation in the transmission process. Finally, the increase of the length of the single-mode fiber on the right side of the gain fiber in the optical circuit will not only shift the center position of the output pulse backward, but also make the pulse energy show a ladder type downward trend.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Ultralong cycle life, high energy, and power density rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries are crucial to the ever‐increasing large‐scale electric energy storage for renewable energy and sustainable ...road transport. However, the commercial graphite anode cannot perform this challenging task due to its low theoretical capacity and poor rate‐capability performance. Metal oxides hold much higher capacity but still are plagued by low rate capability and serious capacity degradation. Here, a novel strategy is developed to prepare binder‐free and mechanically robust CoO/graphene electrodes, wherein homogenous and full coating of β‐Co(OH)2 nanosheets on graphene, through a novel electrostatic induced spread growth method, plays a key role. The combined advantages of large 2D surface and moderate inflexibility of the as‐obtained β‐Co(OH)2/graphene hybrid enables its easy coating on Cu foil by a simple layer‐by‐layer stacking process. Devices made with these electrodes exhibit high rate capability over a temperature range from 0 to 55 °C and, most importantly, maintain excellent cycle stability up to 5000 cycles even at a high current density.
Homogeneous β‐Co(OH)2 on graphene is synthesized using a simple and effective electrostatic induced spread growth method, which ensures the facile fabrication of a binder‐free and mechanically robust CoO/graphene electrode by means of a layer‐by‐layer stacking process. When employed as an anode in Li‐ion batteries, a high rate capability and excellent cycle stability up to 5000 cycles are successfully obtained.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
The paper expounds the source of volatile compounds in the air of civil cabin. By measuring the air quality in civil cabin and Volatile organic compound (VOC) content of typical non-metal ...material, in addition, comparing domestic control laws and standards of VOC in civil airplane cabin air with which in overseas, the paper attend to offer recommendations to control civil airport non-metal material VOC and provide a reference for control of non-metal material in civil airplane cabin to related enterprises. The research is aimed to create a foundation to produce a new representation of green and safe domestical civil airplanes. It is very meaningful to motivate domestical civil airplane industry and the international progress of enormous industrial chain that influences.
The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), a physical barrier between the blood and spinal cord parenchyma, prevents the toxins, blood cells, and pathogens from entering the spinal cord and maintains a ...tightly controlled chemical balance in the spinal environment, which is necessary for proper neural function. A BSCB disruption, however, plays an important role in primary and secondary injury processes related to spinal cord injury (SCI). After SCI, the structure of the BSCB is broken down, which leads directly to leakage of blood components. At the same time, the permeability of the BSCB is also increased. Repairing the disruption of the BSCB could alleviate the SCI pathology. We review the morphology and pathology of the BSCB and progression of therapeutic methods targeting BSCB in SCI.
Lead halide perovskites are considered to be most promising photovoltaic materials. Highest efficiency and improved stability of perovskite solar cells have been achieved by using cation and anion ...mixtures. Experimental information on electronic and ionic charge carriers is key to evaluate device performance, as well as processes of photo‐decomposition and photo‐demixing which are observed in these materials. Here, we measure ionic and electronic transport properties and investigate various cation and anion substitutions with a special eye on their photo‐ionic effect, following our previous study on CH3NH3PbI3, where we found that light enhances not only electronic but also ionic conductivities. We find that this phenomenon is very sensitive to the nature of the halide, while the cationic substitutions are less relevant. Based on the observation that the ionic conductivity enhancement found for iodide perovskites is significantly weakened by bromide substitution, we provide a chemical rationale for the photo‐demixing in mixed halide compositions.
The photo‐effect on ion conduction in mixed cation and halide perovskites is studied. Unlike A‐site substitution, anion replacement is of great influence. In I‐Br mixtures the differences in hole localization and defect formation favor (reversible) photo‐demixing (the situation in the right part is simplified as the interstitial neutral iodine is further stabilized by ionic rearrangement, and the hole in the bromide is delocalized over several regular anions).
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Solid‐state Li secondary batteries may become high energy density storage devices for the next generation of electric vehicles, depending on the compatibility of electrode materials and suitable ...solid electrolytes. Specifically, it is a great challenge to obtain a stable interface between these solid electrolytes and cathodes. Herein, this issue can be effectively addressed by constructing a poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐butadiene) coated layer onto the surface of LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 cathode materials. The polymer layer plays a vital role in working as a protective shell to retard side reaction and ameliorate the contact of the solid–solid interface during the cycling process. In the resultant solid‐state batteries, both rate capacity (99 mA h g−1 at 3 C) and cycling stability (75% capacity retention after 400 cycles) are improved after coating. This impressive performance highlights the great importance of layer modification in the cathode and inspires the development of solid‐state batteries toward practical applications.
To mitigate the interfacial problems between cathode and solid electrolyte, a soft poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐butadiene) nanolayer is coated onto the cathode materials. The soft layer can not only sustain an admirable physical contact during cycling but also retard uncontrolled side reactions of the interface by shielding the particles from direct contact with the solid electrolyte.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Cell death after spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) can occur through necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy, resulting in changes to the immune environment. However, the molecular mechanism of this ...immune regulation is not clear. Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRs) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of spinal cord I/R injury. Here, we hypothesized miR‐22‐3p may be involved in spinal cord I/R injury by interacting with interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 5. Rat models of spinal cord I/R injury were established by 12‐min occlusion of the aortic arch followed by 48‐hr reperfusion, with L4‐6 segments of spinal cord tissues collected. MiR‐22‐3p agomir, a lentivirus‐delivered siRNA specific for IRF5, or a lentivirus expressing wild‐type IRF5 was injected intrathecally to rats with I/R injury to evaluate the effects of miR‐22‐3p and IRF5 on hindlimb motor function. Macrophages isolated from rats were treated with miR‐22‐3p mimic or siRNA specific for IRF5 to evaluate their effects on macrophage polarization. The levels of IL‐1β and TNF‐α in spinal cord tissues were detected by ELISA. miR‐22‐3p was down‐regulated, whereas IRF5 was up‐regulated in rat spinal cord tissues following I/R. IRF5 was a target gene of miR‐22‐3p and could be negatively regulated by miR‐22‐3p. Silencing IRF5 or over‐expressing miR‐22‐3p relieved inflammation, elevated Tarlov score, and reduced the degree of severity of spinal cord I/R injury. Increased miR‐22‐3p facilitated M2 polarization of macrophages and inhibited inflammation in tissues by inhibiting IRF5, thereby attenuating spinal cord I/R injury. Taken together, these results demonstrate that increased miR‐22‐3p can inhibit the progression of spinal cord I/R injury by repressing IRF5 in macrophages, highlighting the discovery of a promising new target for spinal cord I/R injury treatment.
MicroRNA‐22‐3p can reduce spinal cord ischemia–reperfusion injury by regulating interferon regulatory factor 5 to promote M2 polarization of macrophages. Rat models of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury were established by 12‐min occlusion of the aortic arch followed by 48‐hr reperfusion. MicroRNA‐22‐3p and interferon regulatory factor 5 were over‐expressed or silenced in rats to evaluate their effects on hindlimb motor function. MicroRNA‐22‐3p was down‐regulated, whereas interferon regulatory factor 5 was up‐regulated in rat spinal cord tissues following ischemia/reperfusion. Interferon regulatory factor 5 was targeted by microRNA‐22‐3p. Silencing interferon regulatory factor 5 or increasing microRNA‐22‐3p relieved inflammation, facilitated M2 polarization of macrophages. Therefore, increased microRNA‐22‐3p can inhibit progression of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury by repressing interferon regulatory factor 5 in macrophages.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The formation of the Himalaya was associated with the exhumation of high-grade metamorphosed rocks of the Higher Himalayan sequence (HHS) complex, which underwent amphibolite-, granulite- to ...eclogite-facies metamorphism and anatexis. Occurring along the Himalayan mountain crest in the south and the Lhagoi Kangri mountain in the north, the Himalayan leucogranites contain varying proportions of biotite (<5%), muscovite, tourmaline, and garnet, and are typically equigranular in texture with variable structures from foliated to massive. These peraluminous granites have been interpreted as purely crust-derived melts, without any input from the mantle, and may therefore record the timing of continental collision. However, they were emplaced between 44 and 7 Ma, much later than the timing of collision between India and Asia (c. 60 Ma). Although typically interpreted as products of in situ partial melting of the HHS during subduction and exhumation, we suggest that the Himalayan leucogranites underwent intense crystal fractionation, as recorded by crystal layering, sedimentary-like cross-bedding, and the occurrence of pegmatites with varying grain sizes. Geochemically, these leucogranites are low in siderophile but high in lithophile elements, with significant negative europium (Eu) anomalies, non-chondritic Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios, and rare earth element (REE) tetrad effects. Many of the leucogranites and pegmatites contain rare-metal minerals, such as beryl and chrysoberyl; columbite–tantalite, tapiolite, and pyrochlore–microlite; rutile and fergusonite; and zinnwaldite, lepidolite, spodumene, and petalite, supporting an origin involving a high degree of magmatic fractionation. We suggest that the primary magma was generated through partial melting of subducted Indian crust due to input of heat from depth. The generation of magma triggered the exhumation of the Indian crust and subsequent formation of the Himalayan mountain chain. The magma ascended with the Indian crust along the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS), during which time it underwent significant fractionation. Anatectic melts generated from exhumed Indian crust through decompression melting are distinct from the leucogranites, indicating that exhumation of the Indian crust had a limited contribution to the generation and evolution of the leucogranites. Extensional faulting facilitated a high degree of magma fractionation and rare-metal mineralization.
•Leucogranites are widely distributed in the Himalayan mountains.•These rocks are peraluminous, and were considered as purely crustal derived.•They were not an in-situ melt, but formed by intensive magma fractionation.•Rare-metal mineralization is documented in these rocks and associated pegmatites.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is associated with a high risk of premature death. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is the primary treatment for opioid dependence. We comprehensively assessed the ...effects of different MAT-related characteristics on mortality among those with OUD by a systematic review and meta-analysis. The all-cause and overdose crude mortality rates (CMRs) and relative risks (RRs) by treatment status, different type, period, and dose of medication, and retention time were pooled using random effects, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression. Thirty cohort studies involving 370,611 participants (1,378,815 person-years) were eligible in the meta-analysis. From 21 studies, the pooled all-cause CMRs were 0.92 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 0.79-1.04) while receiving MAT, 1.69 (1.47-1.91) after cessation, and 4.89 (3.54-6.23) for untreated period. Based on 16 studies, the pooled overdose CMRs were 0.24 (0.20-0.28) while receiving MAT, 0.68 (0.55-0.80) after cessation of MAT, and 2.43 (1.72-3.15) for untreated period. Compared with patients receiving MAT, untreated participants had higher risk of all-cause mortality (RR 2.56 95% CI: 1.72-3.80) and overdose mortality (8.10 4.48-14.66), and discharged participants had higher risk of all-cause death (2.33 2.02-2.67) and overdose death (3.09 2.37-4.01). The all-cause CMRs during and after opioid substitution treatment with methadone or buprenorphine were 0.93 (0.76-1.10) and 1.79 (1.47-2.10), and corresponding estimate for antagonist naltrexone treatment were 0.26 (0-0.59) and 1.97 (0-5.18), respectively. Retention in MAT of over 1-year was associated with a lower mortality rate than that with retention ≤1 year (1.62, 1.31-1.93 vs. 5.31, -0.09-10.71). Improved coverage and adherence to MAT and post-treatment follow-up are crucial to reduce the mortality. Long-acting naltrexone showed positive advantage on prevention of premature death among persons with OUD.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
•Using graphite fiber as a skeleton for zinc metal anodes in hybrid aqueous batteries.•After 350 cycles at 1C, a relatively low voltage hysteresis (below 50mV) of Zn@GF has been achieved.•The growth ...of dendritic Zn has been significantly retarded.
Zn metal with high theoretical capacity (820mAhg−1), environmental-friendly properties and low cost is very competitive to be as an anode for aqueous batteries. However, uncontrollable growth of dendritic zinc in these batteries during plating/stripping process of zinc ions not only leads to a low Coulombic efficiency but also brings safety hazards, which have obstructed the application of secondary Zn-based batteries. Here we use high conductive carbon fiber-graphite felt (GF) as collector and electrodeposit zinc under constant voltage to fabricate a self-supported Zn@GF negative electrode. The graphite felt provides this anode larger electroactive area to transport electrons faster and loads zinc in a more event way, thus preluding the zinc plating in several specific directions. This composite anode offers an efficient solution to get a dendrite-free cycling behavior of zinc-based batteries and might be promising in advanced aqueous batteries for large-scale energy storage.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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