In three-dimensional visualization, sufficient memory and computing power can ensure real-time graphics rendering. However, due to equipment and algorithm performance limitations, it is difficult to ...graphically present big volume data efficiently and accurately, especially for high-dimensional and large volume geological data. In this paper we propose a real-time visualization method for logging data, which combines volume data compression and fast switching algorithm. First, we introduce an adaptive sampling method for large volume of data compression. Each block of the same size is sampled according to the dispersion and the sampling density grade, after which ray casting algorithm is used to render compressed volume data. Second, aiming at the graphic presentation delay caused by the exchange of large amounts of data in internal and external memory, a fast switching algorithm(FSA) based on subspace learning is presented. The attributes with strong correlation are put into the same group, from which feature subspace are learned and a mapping model between associated attributes is established according to base vector invariance. Once we need to switch from the currently displayed attribute to another for display, only a few coefficient values in the mapping model need to be changed, reducing the amount of data exchange. Our proposed method can greatly increase the compression ratio and reduce the computing time, ensuring real-time visualization for geological data.
•A volume data compression algorithm based on dispersion sampling is proposed.•This data compression algorithm is universal.•A fast logging data switching algorithm based on subspace learning is proposed.•The rendering of logging data volume is implemented by ray casting algorithm.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
According to life history theory, animals living in extreme environments have evolved specific behavioral and physiological strategies for survival. However, the genetic mechanisms underpinning these ...strategies are unclear. As the highest geographical unit on Earth, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is characterized by an extreme environment and climate. During long-term evolutionary processes, animals that inhabit the plateau have evolved specialized morphological and physiological traits. The plateau pika (
), one of the native small mammals that evolved on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has adapted well to this cold and hypoxic environment. To explore the genetic mechanisms underlying the physiological adaptations of plateau pika to extremely cold ambient temperatures, we measured the differences in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and metabolism-related gene expression in individuals inhabiting three distinct altitudes (i.e., 3,321, 3,663, and 4,194 m). Results showed that the body mass and RMR of plateau pika at high- and medium-altitudes were significantly higher than those at the low-altitude. The expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (
), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (
), and the PR domain-containing 16 (
) in white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues of plateau pika from high- and medium-altitudes were significantly higher than in pika from the low-altitude region. The enhanced expression levels of
and
genes in the WAT of pika at high-altitude showed that WAT underwent "browning" and increased thermogenic properties. An increase in the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (
) in the BAT of pika at high altitude indicated that BAT increased their thermogenic properties. The gene expression levels of
and
in skeletal muscles were significantly higher in high-altitude pika. Simultaneously, the expression of the sarcolipin (
) gene in skeletal muscles significantly increased in high-altitude pika. Our results suggest that plateau pika adapted to an extremely cold environment via browning WAT, thereby activating BAT and enhancing
expression to increase non-shivering thermogenesis. This study demonstrates that plateau pika can increase thermogenic gene expression and energy metabolism to adapt to the extreme environments on the plateau.
Cyanotoxins are the underlying cause of the threat that globally pervasive Cyanobacteria Harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) pose to humans. Major attention has been focused on the cyanobacterial ...hepatotoxin microcystins (MCs); however, there is a dearth of studies on cyanobacterial neurotoxin anatoxins. In this study, we explored how an anatoxin-producing
strain responded to culture with inorganic and organic nitrogen sources in terms of growth and anatoxins production. The results of our study revealed that ʟ- alanine could greatly boost cell growth, and was associated with the highest cell productivity, while urea significantly stimulated anatoxin production with the maximum anatoxin yield reaching 25.86 μg/mg dry weight, which was 1.56-fold higher than that in the control group (BG11). To further understand whether the carbon/nitrogen balance in
would affect anatoxin production, we explored growth and toxin production in response to different carbon/nitrogen ratios (C/N). Anatoxin production was mildly promoted when the C/N ratio was within low range, and significantly inhibited when the C/N ratio was within high range, showing approximately a three-fold difference. Furthermore, the transcriptional profile revealed that
gene expression was significantly up-regulated over 2-24 h when the C/N ratio was increased, and was significantly down-regulated after 96 h. Overall, our results further enriched the evidence that urea can stimulate cyanotoxin production, and ʟ-alanine could boost
proliferation, thus providing information for better management of aquatic systems. Moreover, by focusing on the intracellular C/N metabolic balance, this study explained the anatoxin production dynamics in
in response to different N sources.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Roads are an increasingly prevalent form of human activity that drives the decrease in plant community functions and threatens global biodiversity. However, few studies have focused on the changes in ...the function and diversity of alpine meadows caused by road infrastructure in the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, the changes in species diversity, functional diversity, and community stability were examined at different distances from the Qinghai-Tibet highway. The results showed that the road intensified the degradation of vegetation, which significantly altered species diversity and community structure. This effect gradually decreased from near to far from the highway. Plant community cover and species diversity were highest at intermediate distances (50–100 m) from the roadway; species diversity and stability were lowest in the grassland most disturbed by the road (0 m), and species diversity and functional diversity tended to stabilize farther away from the road (250 m). Our findings indicate that changes in species diversity are synchronized with changes in functional diversity, which largely determines the outcome of degraded grassland community diversity and stability. Our results provide a reference point for restoring degraded alpine areas and mitigating the ecological impacts of roads.
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide and a major public issue affecting the health of people. Therefore, it is essential to explore effective drugs for the ...treatment of DN. In this study, the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, Zhijun Tangshen Decoction (ZJTSD), a prescription modified from the classical formula Didang Decoction, has been used in the clinical treatment of DN. However, the chemical basis underlying the therapeutic effects of ZJTSD in treating DN remains unknown. In this study, compounds of ZJTSD and serum after oral administration in rats were identified and analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS). Meanwhile, a semi-quantitative approach was used to analyze the dynamic changes in the compounds of ZJTSD
. UPLC-Q/TOF-MS analysis identified 190 compounds from ZJTSD, including flavonoids, anthraquinones, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, and other categories. A total of 156 xenobiotics and metabolites, i.e., 51 prototype compounds and 105 metabolites, were identified from the compounds absorbed into the blood of rats treated with ZJTSD. The results further showed that 23 substances with high relative content, long retention time, and favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics
deserved further investigations and validations of bioactivities. In conclusion, this study revealed the chemical basis underlying the complexity of ZJTSD and investigated the metabolite profiling and pharmacokinetics of ZJTSD-related xenobiotics in rats, thus providing a foundation for further investigation into the pharmacodynamic substance basis and metabolic regulations of ZJTSD.
Intestinal parasites, such as
, are common among plateau pika (
). The gut microbiome is an essential driver of the host response to gastrointestinal parasites. However, the effects of intestinal ...protozoal parasites on the temporal variations in the gut microbiome and behavioral and physiological activities remain unknown. Our study conducted treatments involving experimental feeding of pika with
oocysts or anticoccidia under laboratory conditions to focus on the parasite-associated alterations in gut bacterial communities, host behavioral activity, physiology, and host-bacteria relationships. The results showed insignificant differences in bacterial community structures among treatments on the basis of Bray-Curtis distance metrics, whereas the patterns of temporal alterations in the bacterial communities were changed by the treatments. Bacterial alpha diversities did not vary with the treatments, and experimental feeding with
slowed down the decrement rate of alpha diversity. Furthermore, few bacterial members were significantly changed by the treatments-only the genus
and the species
, which were associated with energy metabolism. Experimental feeding with
modified the temporal variations in the bacterial members, including a lower loss rate of the relative abundance of the dominant families Muribaculaceae and Ruminococcaceae in the group with
experimental feeding. Moreover, a shifting energy trade-off was suggested by the parasite-induced increments in thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine) and decrements in exploration behavior in the group with
feeding. However, we did not detect specific connections between gut bacterial communities and pika behaviors and physiology in terms of energy trade-offs. Further in-depth research is needed to examine the role of
-modified differences in the gut bacteria of plateau pika.
Contamination of wastewater with organic-limited nitrates has become an urgent problem in wastewater treatment. The cooperating heterotrophic with sulfur autotrophic denitrification is an alternative ...process and the efficiency has been assessed in many studies treating simulated wastewater under different operating conditions. However, due to the complex and diverse nature of actual wastewater, more studies treating actual wastewater are still needed to evaluate the feasibility of collaborative denitrification. In this study, lab-scale experiments were performed with actual nitrate polluted water of two different concentrations, with glucose and sodium thiosulfate introduced as mixed electron donors in the coupling sulfur-based autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification. Results showed that the optimum denitrification performance was exhibited when the influent substrate mass ratio of C/N/S was 1.3/1/1.9, with a maximum denitrification rate of 3.52 kg NO3−-N/(m3 day) and nitrate removal efficiency of 93% in the coupled systems. Illumina high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that autotrophic, facultative, and heterotrophic bacteria jointly contributed to high nitrogen removal efficiency. The autotrophic denitrification maintained as the predominant process, while the second most prevalent denitrification process gradually changed from heterotrophic to facultative with the increase of influent concentration at optimum C/N/S ratio conditions. Furthermore, the initiation of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) was very pivotal in promoting the entire denitrification process. These results suggested that sulfur-based autotrophic coupled with heterotrophic denitrifying process is an alternative and promising method to treat nitrate containing wastewater.
Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linnaeus, 1758), a cichlid species that is naturally distributed in African and Eurasian waters, was introduced in many Asian countries for aquaculture. To date, rare genetic ...studies focused on this species have hindered our understanding of this species. Here, we reported the complete mitochondrial genome of S. galilaeus that was sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. The resulting mitogenome of S. galilaeus was 16,630 in length and comprised 13 protein-coding genes (PCG), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), and one control region (D-loop). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Oreochromini species contained two lineages (I and II) and S. galilaeus clustered with Oreochromis aureus rather than other Sarotherodon species.
Produced by cyanobacteria and some plants, BMAA is considered as an important environmental factor in the occurrence of some neurodegenerative diseases. Neither the underlying mechanism of its ...toxicity, nor its biosynthetic or metabolic pathway in cyanobacteria is understood. Interestingly, BMAA is found to be toxic to some cyanobacteria, making it possible to dissect the mechanism of BMAA metabolism by genetic approaches using these organisms. In this study, we used the cyanobacterium
PCC 7120 to isolate BMAA-resistant mutants. Following genomic sequencing, several mutations were mapped to two genes involved in amino acids transport, suggesting that BMAA was taken up through amino acid transporters. This conclusion was supported by the protective effect of several amino acids against BMAA toxicity. Furthermore, targeted inactivation of genes encoding different amino acid transport pathways conferred various levels of resistance to BMAA. One mutant inactivating all three major amino acid transport systems could no longer take up BMAA and gained full resistance to BMAA toxicity. Therefore, BMAA is a substrate of amino acid transporters, and cyanobacteria are interesting models for genetic analysis of BMAA transport and metabolism.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Paranemachilus genilepis (Zhu 1983) is a small and benthic loach species that mainly distributes in the Guangxi Province, China. To date, little was known about the genetic information of this ...species as no molecular sequence has been published. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of P. genilepis was reported using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The genome was 16,563 base pairs (bp) in length and its structure was identical to most genomes of bony fishes. Phylogenetic analyses supported two clades (I and II) among Nemacheilidae species and P. genilepis was sister to Oreonectes furcocaudalis.
PDF
