A total of 133 seawater samples and 17 sediment samples were collected from 81 sampling sites in the Changjiang River Estuary and its adjacent area and were analyzed for 16 phthalate esters (PAEs). ...The Σ16 PAE concentrations in the seawater and sediment samples ranged from 180.3ng·L−1 to 3421ng·L−1 and from 0.48μg·g−1 to 29.94μg·g−1dry weight (dw), respectively, with mean values of 943.6ng·L−1 and 12.88μg·g−1. The distribution of ∑16PAE concentrations in the water column showed that PAE concentrations in the bottom samples were higher than those in the surface samples (except the transect C located inside the Changjiang River Estuary), with the maxima appearing in the bottom layer at the offshore stations. Among the 16 PAEs, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), and dibutyl phthalate (DnBP) dominated the PAEs, with 25.1%, 21.1%, and 18.9% of the Σ16PAEs in seawater, respectively. The comparison of ∑16PAEs and salinities in transects C and A6 suggested that the Changjiang River runoff was an important driving factor influencing the distribution of PAEs. DEHP concentrations in water samples and DEHP and DnBP concentrations in sediment samples exceeded the environmental risk levels (ERL), indicating their potential hazard to the ocean environment.
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•All of the 16 PAE congeners were detected in the CRE area.•PAE concentrations in the bottom were higher than those in the surface samples.•DEHP, DiBP and DBP dominated the PAEs.•Changjiang River runoff was a driving factor influencing PAEs' distribution.•DEHP in seawater, DEHP and DnBP in sediment exceed the environmental risk levels.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Novel scheelite‐type Ca0.55(Nd1‐xBix)0.3MoO4 (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.95) ceramics were prepared using the solid‐state reaction method. According to the X‐ray diffraction data, a solid solution was formed in ...0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.95 and all the samples belong to pure scheelite phase with the tetragonal structure. As revealed by Raman spectroscopy, the number of vibrational modes decreased with the increase in x value, which further indicated that Bi3+ ions occupied A‐site of scheelite structure. As the x value increased, the sintering temperature decreased from 740°C to 660°C; the permittivity increased from 12.6 to 20.3; the Qf value first decreased slightly and gradually remained stable. Based on the infrared reflectivity spectrum analysis, the calculated permittivity derived from the fitted data shared the same trend with the measured value. The Ca0.55(Nd0.05Bi0.95)0.3MoO4 ceramic sintered at 660 °C attained a near‐zero value temperature coefficient ~τf (−7.1 ppm/°C) and showed excellent microwave dielectric properties with a ɛr ~ 20.3 and a Qf ~ 33 860 GHz, making this system a promising candidate in the ultralow temperature cofired ceramic (ULTCC) technology.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Metalenses have emerged as a new optical element or system in recent years, showing superior performance and abundant applications. However, the phase distribution of a metalens has not been measured ...directly up to now, hindering further quantitative evaluation of its performance. We have developed an interferometric imaging phase measurement system to measure the phase distribution of a metalens by taking only one photo of the interference pattern. Based on the measured phase distribution, we analyse the negative chromatic aberration effect of monochromatic metalenses and propose a feature size of metalenses. Different sensitivities of the phase response to wavelength between the Pancharatnam-Berry phase-based metalens and propagation phase-reliant metalens are directly observed in the experiment. Furthermore, through phase distribution analysis, it is found that the distance between the measured metalens and the brightest spot of focusing will deviate from the focal length when the metalens has a low nominal numerical aperture, even though the metalens is ideal without any fabrication error. We also use the measured phase distribution to quantitatively characterise the imaging performance of the metalens. Our phase measurement system will help not only designers optimise the designs of metalenses but also fabricants distinguish defects to improve the fabrication process, which will pave the way for metalenses in industrial applications.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disease characterized by inflammation and cartilage destruction, and its progression is closely related to imbalances in the M1/M2 synovial macrophages. A ...two‐pronged strategy for the regulation of intracellular/extracellular nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen protons for reprogramming M1/M2 synovial macrophages is proposed. The combination of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) siRNA and NO scavenger in “two‐in‐one” nanocarriers (NAHA‐CaP/siRNA nanoparticles) is developed for progressive OA therapy by scavenging NO and inhibiting CA9 expression in synovial macrophages. In vitro experiments demonstrate that these NPs can significantly scavenge intracellular NO similar to the levels as those in the normal group and downregulate the expression levels of CA9 mRNA (≈90%), thereby repolarizing the M1 macrophages into the M2 phenotype and increasing the expression levels of pro‐chondrogenic TGF‐β1 mRNA (≈1.3‐fold), and inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo experiments show that the NPs have great anti‐inflammation, cartilage protection and repair effects, thereby effectively alleviating OA progression in both monoiodoacetic acid‐induced early and late OA mouse models and a surgical destabilization of medial meniscus‐induced OA rat model. Therefore, the siCA9 and NO scavenger “two‐in‐one” delivery system is a potential and efficient strategy for progressive OA treatment.
The carbonic anhydrase IX siRNA and nitric oxide (NO) scavenger in “two‐in‐one” nanocarriers is developed for progressive osteoarthritis (OA) therapy. A two‐pronged strategy is proposed for the regulation of intracellular/extracellular NO and hydrogen protons for reprogramming M1/M2 synovial macrophages, which holds promising application prospects for clinical translation of progressive OA treatment.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Wounds and the subsequent formation of scars constitute a unified and complex phased process. Effective treatment is crucial; however, the diverse therapeutic approaches for different wounds and ...scars, as well as varying treatment needs at different stages, present significant challenges in selecting appropriate interventions. Microneedle patch (MNP), as a novel minimally invasive transdermal drug delivery system, has the potential for integrated and programmed treatment of various diseases and has shown promising applications in different types of wounds and scars. In this comprehensive review, the latest applications and biotechnological innovations of MNPs in these fields are thoroughly explored, summarizing their powerful abilities to accelerate healing, inhibit scar formation, and manage related symptoms. Moreover, potential applications in various scenarios are discussed. Additionally, the side effects, manufacturing processes, and material selection to explore the clinical translational potential are investigated. This groundwork can provide a theoretical basis and serve as a catalyst for future innovations in the pursuit of favorable therapeutic options for skin tissue regeneration.
This work surveys various microneedle patches applied in recent years targeting diverse wounds and scars, exploring the potential to improve specific types of wound healing and mitigate pathological scarring. The therapeutic efficacy, management of related symptoms, side effects, materials, and manufacturing methods are assessed, providing insights into future research and clinical translation.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The construction of an all‐in‐one catalyst, in which the photosensitizer and the transition metal site are close to each other, is important for improving the efficiency of metallaphotoredox ...catalysis. However, the development of convenient synthetic strategies for the precise construction of an all‐in‐one catalyst remains a challenging task due to the requirement of precise installation of the catalytic sites. Herein, we have successfully established a facile bottom‐up strategy for the direct synthesis of Ni(II)‐incorporated covalent organic framework (COF), named LZU‐713@Ni, as a versatile all‐in‐one metallaphotoredox catalyst. LZU‐713@Ni showed excellent activity and recyclability in the photoredox/nickel‐catalyzed C−O, C−S, and C−P cross‐coupling reactions. Notably, this catalyst displayed a better catalytic activity than its homogeneous analogues, physically mixed dual catalyst system, and, especially, LZU‐713/Ni which was prepared through post‐synthetic modification. The improved catalytic efficiency of LZU‐713@Ni should be attributed to the implementation of bottom‐up strategy, which incorporated the fixed, ordered, and abundant catalytic sites into its framework. This work sheds new light on the exploration of concise and effective strategies for the construction of multifunctional COF‐based photocatalysts.
We developed a facile bottom‐up strategy to synthesize Ni(II)‐incorporated covalent organic framework (LZU‐713@Ni) as heterogeneous all‐in‐one metallaphotoredox catalyst. LZU‐713@Ni showed excellent activity and recyclability in photoredox/nickel‐catalyzed C−O, C−S, and C−P cross‐coupling reactions. The superiority of bottom‐up strategy was exemplified by the increased activity of LZU‐713@Ni compared to both the dual catalyst system and LZU‐713/Ni prepared via post‐synthetic modification.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by lung inflammation and lung oxidative stress. The study was conducted in order to investigate the effect toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and ...nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) exhibited on oxidative stress in ALI. After the rats had been assigned into different groups, arterial blood, white blood cell (WBC), lung permeability index (LPI), wet/dry (W/D) ratio, TLR4 and NF‐κB expression and superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined. Afterward, the correlation between the levels of TLR4 and NF‐κB was determined. Decreased levels of PaO2, SOD, MPO, and GSH accompanied by increased levels of PaCO2, WBC number, LPI and W/D ratio, MDA and ROS, as well as TLR4 and NF‐κB expressions in the ALI, ALI + NF‐κB inhibitor, and ALI + phosphate buffer saline groups were found. Inhibition of NF‐κB resulted in increased PaO2 and decreased PaCO2 levels, WBC number, and LPI and W/D ratio. Decreased expression of NF‐κB increased SOD, GSH, and MPO, but decreased MDA and ROS. We also found that NF‐κB inhibition resulted in the improvement of ALI in rats. TLR4 and NF‐κB expressions were negatively correlated with levels of SOD, MPO, and GSH, and positively correlated with MDA and ROS levels. In summary, our findings provided evidence that inhibition of the TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway decreases oxidative stress, thereby improving ALI. As a result, NF‐κB signaling pathway has shown potential as a therapeutic target in ALI therapy.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Ba1+ xMoO4 (-0.03 ≤ x ≤ 0.03) ceramics were fabricated by a conventional two-step sintering technique. X-ray diffraction patterns show that there appeared new diffraction peaks when x > 0, which ...were identified as Ba2MoO5. The Rietveld refinement results indicate that the unit cell volume is the largest at x = -0.02, because it has the lowest packing fraction and covalency. The far-infrared reflectivity (IR) spectra were fitted and analyzed for calculating the intrinsic properties, which comply well with the data obtained from microscopic polarizabilities and damping coefficient angle. The proportion of each mode in the dielectric response demonstrates that the Ba-O8 polyhedra have a decisive role on the dielectric properties. And based on the Raman modes, the internal relations of the structural-properties were revealed with the changes of Ba2+ content.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
It remains a challenge to exploit dual-functional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for applications, including luminescence detection and proton conduction. With the deliberate selection of the ...bifunctional organic ligand 5-sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt (NaH2bts), and the phosphonic acid ligand N,N′-piperazine (bismethylenephosphonic acid; H4L), a robust three-dimensional (3D) noninterpenetrating dual-functional MOF, Tb(H2L)(H2bts)(H2O)·H2O (1), has been synthesized hydrothermally. On the basis of the excellent thermal and chemical as well as superior luminescence stabilities in water and solutions with different pHs, 1 can serve as the simple, rapid, and highly selective and sensitive luminescence detection of the carcinoid biomarkers 5-hydroxytryptamine (HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (HIAA) with detection limits of nanomolar magnitude in water and in simulated blood plasma and urine systems. Due to the change in the signals that could be readily differentiated by the naked eye under a UV lamp, a portable test paper has been developed. The probable quenching mechanisms are discussed in detail. In addition, a great number of hydrogen-bonding networks are formed among the uncoordinated carboxylic oxygen atoms, sulfonate oxygen atoms, protonated nitrogen atoms, and water molecules, which provide potential proton-hopping sites for proton conduction, leading to a maximum proton conductivity of 2.3 × 10–4 S cm–1 at 368 K and 95% relative humidity. The above results suggest that rationally designed dual-functional MOFs can open an avenue for the development of occupational diagnostic tools and alternative energy technology.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Dense Li6B4O9 microwave dielectric ceramics were synthesized at low temperature via solid-state reaction using Li2CO3 and LiBO2. Optimum permittivity ∼ 5.95, quality factor ∼ 41 800 GHz and ...temperature coefficient of resonant frequency ∼ – 72 ppm/°C were obtained in ceramics sintered at 640 °C with a ultrasmall bulk density ∼2.003 g/cm3 (∼95% relative density, the smallest among all the reported microwave dielectric ceramics). Li6B4O9 ceramics were shown to be chemically compatible with silver electrodes but reacted with aluminum forming Li3AlB2O6 and Li2AlBO4 secondary phases. A prototype patch antenna was fabricated by tape casting and screen printing. The antenna resonated at 4.255 GHz with a bandwidth ∼279 MHz at −10 dB transmission loss (S11) in agreement with simulated results. The Li6B4O9 microwave dielectric ceramic possesses similar microwave dielectric properties to the commercial materials but much lower density and could be a good candidate for both antenna substrate and low-temperature cofired ceramics technology.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
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