The Asia-Pacific's Coral Triangle is defined by its extremely high marine biodiversity. Over one hundred million people living in its coastal zones use this biodiversity to support their livelihoods. ...Hundreds of millions more derive nutritious food directly from the region′s marine resources and through local, regional and global trade. Biodiversity and its values to society are threatened by demographic and habitat change, rising demand, intensive harvesting and climate change. In partnership with international conservation organisations and development funders, the governments of the region′s six countries have come together to develop the Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security. The CTI has explicit goals and defined targets for marine biodiversity conservation, but not for the food security of the region′s marine-resource dependent people, despite this being the wider aim used to justify conservation action. This article suggests how the food security aim of the CTI could be made more explicit. It outlines the complex pathways linking marine biodiversity with food security and argues that improved social science analysis, inter-sectoral policy and management interactions are necessary if conserving marine biodiversity is to contribute towards meeting food security challenges in the region.
► The CTI needs stronger articulation of how food security outcomes will be achieved. ► Conservation may benefit availability, but not access or consumption of seafood. ► Trade-offs between food security and biodiversity protection may be unavoidable. ► Guidelines to a more politically- and culturally-informed livelihood policy offered. ► Understanding of multi-scale drivers of poverty can improve food security policy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Most research on gender difference or inequities in capture fisheries and aquaculture in Africa and the Asia‐Pacific focuses on the gender division of labour. Emerging research on globalization, ...market changes, poverty and trends in gendered employment within this sector reveals the need to move beyond this narrow perspective. If gleaning and post‐harvesting activities were enumerated, the fisheries and aquaculture sector might well turn out to be female sphere. A livelihoods approach better enables an understanding of how employment in this sector is embedded in other social, cultural, economic, political and ecological structures and processes that shape gender inequities and how these might be reduced. We focus on four thematic areas - markets and migration, capabilities and well‐being, networks and identities, governance and rights - as analytical entry points. These also provide a framework to identify research gaps and generate a comparative understanding of the impact of development processes and socioecological changes, including issues of climate change, adaptation and resilience, on gendered employment. Without an adequate analysis of gender, fisheries management and development policies may have negative effects on people's livelihoods, well‐being and the environment they depend on, or fail altogether to achieve intended outcomes.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
3.
Small‐scale fisheries through the wellbeing lens Weeratunge, Nireka; Béné, Christophe; Siriwardane, Rapti ...
Fish and fisheries (Oxford, England),
June 2014, Volume:
15, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Despite longstanding recognition that small‐scale fisheries make multiple contributions to economies, societies and cultures, assessing these contributions and incorporating them into policy and ...decision‐making has suffered from a lack of a comprehensive integrating ‘lens’. This paper focuses on the concept of ‘wellbeing’ as a means to accomplish this integration, thereby unravelling and better assessing complex social and economic issues within the context of fisheries governance. We emphasize the relevance of the three key components of wellbeing – the material, relational and subjective dimensions, each of which is relevant to wellbeing at scales ranging from individual, household, community, fishery to human‐ecological systems as a whole. We review nine major approaches influential in shaping current thinking and practice on wellbeing: the economics of happiness, poverty, capabilities, gender, human rights, sustainable livelihoods, vulnerability, social capital, and social wellbeing. The concept of identity is a thread that runs through the relational and subjective components of social wellbeing, as well as several other approaches and thus emerges as a critical element of small‐scale fisheries that requires explicit recognition in governance analysis. A social wellbeing lens is applied to critically review a global body of literature discussing the social, economic and political dimensions of small‐scale fishing communities, seeking to understand the relevance and value addition of applying wellbeing concepts in small‐scale fisheries.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hydropower development with concomitant changes in water and land regimes often results in livelihood transformation of affected people, entailing changes in intra-household decision-making upon ...which livelihood strategies are based. Economic factors underlying gender dimensions of household decision-making have been studied rigorously since the 1970s. However, empirical data on gender and decision-making within households, needed for evidence-based action, remain scarce. This is more so in hydropower contexts. This article explores gender and livelihood-related decision-making within rural households in the context of hydropower development in Lao PDR. Based on a social well-being conceptual approach with data from a household survey and qualitative interviews, it focuses on household decisions in an ethnic minority resettlement site soon after displacement, from an interpretive perspective. The article, first, aims to assess the extent to which household decision-making is gendered and secondly, to understand the complex reasoning behind household decisions, especially the relevance of material, relational, and subjective factors. It argues that while most household decisions are ostensibly considered as 'joint' in the study site, the nuanced nature of gendered values, norms, practices, relations, attitudes, and feelings underlying these decisions are important to assessing why households might or might not adopt livelihood interventions proposed by hydropower developers.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hydropower development with concomitant changes in water and land regimes often results in livelihood transformation of affected people, entailing changes in intra-household decision-making upon ...which livelihood strategies are based. Economic factors underlying gender dimensions of household decision-making have been studied rigorously since the 1970s. However, empirical data on gender and decision-making within households, needed for evidence-based action, remain scarce. This is more so in hydropower contexts. This article explores gender and livelihood-related decision-making within rural households in the context of hydropower development in Lao PDR. Based on a social well-being conceptual approach with data from a household survey and qualitative interviews, it focuses on household decisions in an ethnic minority resettlement site soon after displacement, from an interpretive perspective. The article, first, aims to assess the extent to which household decision-making is gendered and secondly, to understand the complex reasoning behind household decisions, especially the relevance of material, relational, and subjective factors. It argues that while most household decisions are ostensibly considered as ‘joint’ in the study site, the nuanced nature of gendered values, norms, practices, relations, attitudes, and feelings underlying these decisions are important to assessing why households might or might not adopt livelihood interventions proposed by hydropower developers.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
6.
Being Sadharana Nireka Weeratunge
Ordinary Ethics: Anthropology, Language, and Action,
11/2010
Book Chapter
The ethics of business is a very old problem, debated extensively by philosophers, writers, and social scientists, and it underpins current concepts of social justice within a market economic system. ...In rural societies, where most people engage in agriculture or fishing, disdain for those who make a living by trade has a long history. Sri Lanka is no exception. Current global discourses on business ethics and the profit motive tend to focus on the practices of large corporations rather than on micro, small, and medium businesses, which form the economic fabric of most countries. In this essay, I examine the
“Living in harmony with nature” has become a root metaphor and an imperative in a postcolonial global discourse on environmental crisis. This article uses an interpretive approach to problematize the ...concepts of “harmony” and “nature” by juxtaposing “global” and “local” discourses on the human‐environment relationship. It argues that harmony is a “Western/global” discourse borrowed by Sri Lankan environmentalists that has varying levels of resonance with “local” cultural concepts through a discussion of myths of the Golden Age, nature and morality, the human‐deity‐nature triad, and the microcosm‐macrocosm relationship. The harmony discourse, however, leaves no space for the articulation of an alternative local discourse on thekaliyugaya, which also offers an interpretation of environmental crisis.
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BFBNIB, INZLJ, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
"Living in harmony with nature" has become a root metaphor & an imperative in postcolonial global discourse on the environmental crisis. Here, an interpretive approach is used to problematize the ...concepts of "harmony" & "nature" by juxtaposing global & local discourses on the human-environment relationship. It is argued that harmony is a Western/global discourse that has been borrowed by Sri Lankan environmentalists, with varying levels of resonance with local cultural concepts through a discussion of myths of the Golden Age, nature & morality, the human-deity-nature triad, & the microcosm-macrocosm relationship. The harmony discourse, however, leaves no space for the articulation of an alternative local discourse on the kaliyugaya, which also offers an interpretation of environmental crisis. Comments are offered by Arun Agrawal, Shubhra Gururani, Kay Milton, Joke Schrijvers, & Jonathan Spencer, followed by a Reply by Weeratunge. 95 References. Adapted from the source document.
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BFBNIB, INZLJ, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
"Living in harmony with nature" has become a root metaphor and an imperative in a postcolonial global discourse on environmental crisis. This article uses an interpretive approach to problematize the ...concepts of "harmony" and "nature" by juxtaposing global and local discourses on the human-environment relationship. It argues that harmony is a "Western/global" discourse borrowed by Sri Lankan environmentalists that has varying levels of resonance with "local" cultural concepts through a discussion of myths of the Golden Age, nature and morality, the human-deity-nature triad, and the microcosm-macrocosm relationship. The harmony discourse, however, leaves no space for the articulation of an alternative local discourse on the kaliyugaya, which also offers an interpretation of environmental crisis.
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BFBNIB, INZLJ, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
