Persistent luminescence is a unique optical process where long‐lasting afterglow persists after the cessation of excitation. Nanoscale persistent luminescent materials are getting increased research ...interest from various fields due to their unique optical property. In recent years, inspiring achievements have been made to produce uniform persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) in a controllable manner, unleashing their fascinating potential, surpassing other types of luminescent materials in a wide variety of application such as high‐contrast bioimaging and high‐resolution X‐ray detection. In this review, the evolution of uniform PLNPs, from their bulk phosphor counterparts, to the “top‐down” preparation of nanoscale persistent luminescent materials, to the recent “bottom‐up” synthesis of uniform PLNPs is first summarized. The respective milestones of uniform PLNPs prepared by templated synthesis, aqueous synthesis, and colloidal synthesis are highlighted. The key optical properties that can be enhanced in uniform PLNPs, including increasing the persistent luminescence intensity, tuning the excitation irradiance, as well as the emission wavelengths are then analyzed. Detailed strategies to enhance each optical property are also discussed in various sections. Finally, future challenges are highlighted with respect to the perspectives on the development of next‐generation PLNPs with novel applications.
Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) possess long‐lasting afterglow after the excitation ceases, demonstrating merits for various applications. The recent rapid progress of uniform PLNPs boosts their biomedical applications. This review highlights milestones of uniform PLNPs syntheses, analyzes key strategies for enhancing their optical properties, and envisions the challenges and potential future directions of uniform PLNPs for novel applications.
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With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the simulation of the human brain for neuromorphic computing has demonstrated unprecedented progress. Photonic artificial synapses are strongly ...desirable owing to their higher neuron selectivity, lower crosstalk, wavelength multiplexing capabilities, and low operating power compared to their electric counterparts. This study demonstrates a highly transparent and flexible artificial synapse with a two‐terminal architecture that emulates photonic synaptic functionalities. This optically triggered artificial synapse exhibits clear synaptic characteristics such as paired‐pulse facilitation, short/long‐term memory, and synaptic behavior analogous to that of the iris in the human eye. Ultraviolet light illumination‐induced neuromorphic characteristics exhibited by the synapse are attributed to carrier trapping and detrapping in the SnO2 nanoparticles and CsPbCl3 perovskite interface. Moreover, the ability to detect deep red light without changes in synaptic behavior indicates the potential for dual‐mode operation. This study establishes a novel two‐terminal architecture for highly transparent and flexible photonic artificial synapse that can help facilitate higher integration density of transparent 3D stacking memristors, and make it possible to approach optical learning, memory, computing, and visual recognition.
An inorganic CsPbCl3 perovskite artificial photonic synapse is demonstrated for the first time. This work shows the promising potential of multilevel storage capacity devices that can emulate synaptic functionalities via tuning of light intensity and frequency. The two‐terminal architecture synapse device exhibits the potential of dual‐mode operation, high transparency, and flexibility, which enable optical learning, memory, computing, and visual recognition.
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Enriched PD-L1 expression in cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) contributes to CSC immune evasion. However, the mechanisms underlying PD-L1 enrichment in CSCs remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ...epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enriches PD-L1 in CSCs by the EMT/β-catenin/STT3/PD-L1 signaling axis, in which EMT transcriptionally induces N-glycosyltransferase STT3 through β-catenin, and subsequent STT3-dependent PD-L1 N-glycosylation stabilizes and upregulates PD-L1. The axis is also utilized by the general cancer cell population, but it has much more profound effect on CSCs as EMT induces more STT3 in CSCs than in non-CSCs. We further identify a non-canonical mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) activity of etoposide, which suppresses the EMT/β-catenin/STT3/PD-L1 axis through TOP2B degradation-dependent nuclear β-catenin reduction, leading to PD-L1 downregulation of CSCs and non-CSCs and sensitization of cancer cells to anti-Tim-3 therapy. Together, our results link MET to PD-L1 stabilization through glycosylation regulation and reveal it as a potential strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy efficacy.
•The Mn-doping in BiOCl generates a Mn 3p-O 2d intermediate state in its band gap.•The Mn-doping in BiOCl enhances OH generation by increasing water adsorption.•A photodegradation pathway of ...metronidazole was proposed.
Manganese-doped bismuth oxychloride (Mn-BiOCl) photocatalysts were facilely synthesized for the photodegradation of metronidazole (MTZ), and the as-prepared Mn-BiOCl was systematically characterized. The results show that the introduction of Mn2+ to BiOCl increases its MTZ removal efficiency through increasing its specific surface area, broadening its light absorption region, and facilitating photoinduced carrier separation. The enhancement of the optical properties is ascribed to the generation of an intermediate Mn 3p-O 2d energy level in the forbidden gap of Mn-BiOCl based on the density functional theory calculations. Mn-BiOCl also exhibited favorable stability and recyclability after four cycles. Moreover, the results of the quenching experiments indicate that superoxide radicals (O2−), hydroxyl radicals (OH) and holes (h+) participated in MTZ degradation over Mn-BiOCl, and the electron spin resonance (ESR) test demonstrated that more OH was generated in the Mn-BiOCl process than the BiOCl process. This was explained by the H2O adsorption energy and bond parameter on the photocatalyst’s surface. Finally, the photodegradation pathway of MTZ was elaborated based on the intermediate analysis, and a mechanism for the promotion of MTZ photodegradation through Mn-doping BiOCl was proposed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Mutation of a single amino acid residue can cause changes in a protein, which could then lead to a loss of protein function. Predicting the protein stability changes can provide several possible ...candidates for the novel protein designing. Although many prediction tools are available, the conflicting prediction results from different tools could cause confusion to users.
We proposed an integrated predictor, iStable, with grid computing architecture constructed by using sequence information and prediction results from different element predictors. In the learning model, several machine learning methods were evaluated and adopted the support vector machine as an integrator, while not just choosing the majority answer given by element predictors. Furthermore, the role of the sequence information played was analyzed in our model, and an 11-window size was determined. On the other hand, iStable is available with two different input types: structural and sequential. After training and cross-validation, iStable has better performance than all of the element predictors on several datasets. Under different classifications and conditions for validation, this study has also shown better overall performance in different types of secondary structures, relative solvent accessibility circumstances, protein memberships in different superfamilies, and experimental conditions.
The trained and validated version of iStable provides an accurate approach for prediction of protein stability changes. iStable is freely available online at: http://predictor.nchu.edu.tw/iStable.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Ionic liquids (ILs) electrolyte hold tremendous potentials to develop high‐energy‐density electric double layer capacitor due to their wide voltage windows, but are severely plagued by the sluggish ...mass diffusion from high viscosity and large ion size, particularly over micropore‐dominated carbon electrodes. Exploiting the carbon electrode possessing high compatibility with ILs electrolyte remains a great challenge. Herein, an emerging 3D cross‐coupled macro‐mesoporous carbon network with ultrahigh specific surface area (SSA, 2872.2 m2 g−1), N‐self doping, small‐sized mesopores (2–4 nm) and macropores (50–150 nm) is designed via a facile, versatile, and ecofriendly salt‐template strategy from the NaNO3‐gelatin biopolymer aerogel, which shows great adaptability toward high energy power density used in 4 V EMIBF4 ILs (92 Wh kg−1 is achieved at 1 kW kg−1, and notably a record high energy density of 39 Wh kg−1 is retained even at an ultrahigh power density of 200 kW kg−1). The large energy density is ascribed to the plentiful ion‐available mesoporous active sites (Smeso/SSA = 86.6%, Vmeso/Vtotal = 92.1%), while the extraordinary power density is attributed to the synergistic effects from the suitable macro‐mesoporous ion‐diffusion channels, continuous conductive network, low oxygen content (2.24%) as well as good affinity to ILs.
The 3D monolithic cross‐coupled macro‐mesoporous carbon network is fabricated by a facile and nontoxic NaNO3 salt template strategy from the gelatin biopolymer aerogel. It shows great compatibility with EMIBF4 ILs electrolyte to exhibit both the high energy density and power density at 4 V, which paves the way toward the practical applications in the energy storage fields.
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8.
Optimizing Membranes for Osmotic Power Generation Chu, Chien‐Wei; Fauziah, Amalia Rizki; Yeh, Li‐Hsien
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
June 26, 2023, Volume:
62, Issue:
26
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The design of ion‐selective membranes is the key towards efficient reverse electrodialysis‐based osmotic power conversion. The tradeoff between ion selectivity (output voltage) and ion permeability ...(output current) in existing porous membranes, however, limits the upgradation of power generation efficiency for practical applications. Thus, we provide the simple guidelines based on fundamentals of ion transport in nanofluidics for promoting osmotic power conversion. In addition, we discuss strategies for optimizing membrane performance through analysis of various material parameters in membrane design, such as pore size, surface charge, pore density, membrane thickness, ion pathway, pore order, and ionic diode effect. Lastly, a perspective on the future directions of membrane design to further maximize the efficiency of osmotic power conversion is outlined.
The ion‐selective membrane is the key component in reverse electrodialysis‐based osmotic power harvesting techniques. This Minireview provides an overview of the balance between ion selectivity (voltage) and ion permeability (current) in osmotic ion transport and offers a set of design guidelines for material parameters to optimize membrane performance to maximize osmotic power generation.
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A 3D porous sulfur/graphene@g‐C3N4 (S/GCN) hybrid sponge, which can be directly applied as a free‐standing cathode for Li–S batteries, is realized via a microemulsion assisted assembly approach. In ...this strategy, the interior oil emulsion droplets serve as soft templates to form pores to accommodate sulfur and the hydrophilic GCN stacks around oil droplets to assemble into a crosslinked 3D network. Through this microemulsion encapsulation route, S/GCN cathodes with a sulfur loading as high as 82 wt% can be achieved. Furthermore, the enriched N‐sites in GCN macropores offer numerous adhesion sites for polysulfides, realizing a “physical‐chemical” dual‐confinement for polysulfides from diffusion. Moreover, the robust and highly porous 3D graphene frameworks render efficient electron/Li+ transport pathways for fast kinetics as well as good structure integrity. Consequently, in comparison to the conventional G‐sponge/Li2Sn catholyte system, S/GCN delivers a higher specific capacity, superior high‐rate capability (612 mA h g−1 at 10 C), and alleviated anode corrosion issues. Particularly, an energy density as high as 1493 W h kg−1 (calculated on the total weight of the cathode) and an extremely low capacity fading rate of 0.017% per cycle over 800 cycles at 0.3 C are achieved.
Oil‐in‐water microemulsion assembly of 3D porous S/graphene@C3N4 (S/GCN) sponge is proposed as a free‐standing cathode for Li–S batteries. The oil emulsions serve as templates for macropores to accommodate sulfur, while the GCN stacks around oil droplets to assemble into interlinked 3D network. The S/GCN exhibits superior high‐rate capability (612 mA h g−1 at 10 C) and stable long‐term cycling over 800 cycles.
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Zr‐based porphyrin metal–organic framework (MOF‐525) nanocrystals with a crystal size of about 140 nm are synthesized and incorporated into perovskite solar cells. The morphology and crystallinity of ...the perovskite thin film are enhanced since the micropores of MOF‐525 allow the crystallization of perovskite to occur inside; this observation results in a higher cell efficiency of the obtained MOF/perovskite solar cell.
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