An in-depth study of the complicated trajectory characteristics of skipping stones is carried out in the present work. A three-dimensional numerical simulation validated by acquiring good agreement ...with experimental results is established. It is devoted to illustrating five different types of motion responses after the stone impacts the water surface in the
o-xy
plane, including “dive”, “hydroplaning trout”, “hydroplaning skip”, “stable skip”, and “skipping trout”. Then, the lateral deviations are investigated quantitatively based on dimensionless parameter sin(
α
+
β
)cos
α
in the
o-yz
plane. Steady interval and linear interval are divided for lateral deviation
Z
1
/
D
and
Z
2
/
D
based on the values of (
α
+
β
) and
α
, respectively. The results reveal that (1)
Z
1
/
D
increases almost linearly with the increasing sin(
α
+
β
)cos
α
at different slopes in different (
α
+
β
) intervals; (2)
Z
2
/
D
increases almost linearly with the increasing sin(
α
+
β
)cos
α
at different slopes in different
α
intervals; (3) in linear interval, numerical lateral deviations are much larger than the fitting values at points
β
/
α
≥4.5, and much smaller than the fitting values at points 2.3 ≤
β
/
α
<4.3. Finally, a theoretical approach is proposed to predict the maximum immersion depth of trailing edge point P.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In addition to serving as an incretin-based treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) can also reverse cardiovascular diseases caused by vascular remodelling. ...However, a detailed mechanism underlying how GLP-1 reverses vascular remodelling remains unclear. Here, Spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR) were used as an in vivo model of vascular remodelling. Treatment with a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist Liraglutide or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor Alogliptin decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), thickness of vascular wall, and overall collagen levels in SHR. In vitro vascular remodelling can be induced by exposing rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC) to angiotensin II (Ang II); GLP-1 treatment attenuated AngII induction of RASMC proliferation, migration, and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) enhanced the inhibitory effects of GLP-1, and extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signalling participated in these processes. These results provide a new mechanistic understanding of key therapeutic strategies for the treatment of vascular remodelling-related diseases.
•GLP-1 reverse vascular remodelling.•The role of MMP1 in vascular remodelling was described for the first time.•ERK1/2-NF-κB signalling pathway plays an important role in GLP-1 reverse vascular remodelling.•MMP1 could used be as a therapeutic target for diseases caused by vascular remodelling.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•pH-cycle and liquid-liquid dispersion methods were used to produce foxtail millet prolamin NPs.•Chitosan hydrochloride deposited on the two NP surfaces by showing different particulate ...characteristics.•The particles produced by the two methods were all favorable for the loading of curcumin.•The co-assembled FP-NaCas NPs showed higher curcumin retention rate during long-term storage.
Co-assembled foxtail millet (FP)-sodium casein (NaCas) nanocomplex and NaCas coated FP nanoparticles (NPs) were produced by using pH-cycle and anti-solvent methods, respectively. Subsequently, the effects of chitosan hydrochloride (CHC) coating on the particle size, surface charge and physicochemical stability of the two different FP/NaCas nanoparticles (NPs) were evaluated. With the addition of CHC, the particle size of NaCas coated FP NPs and co-assembled FP-NaCas nanocomplex significantly increased from 128.3 nm and 69.5 nm to 183.5 nm and 113.8 nm, respectively. The stability of the two kinds of CHC coated FP-based NPs to different pH values and varying ionic strengths was different due to their different NP structures. Using different fabrication formulations, co-assembled FP-NaCas NPs entrapped curcumin in relatively hydrophilic microenvironment and showed higher curcumin retention rate in comparison with NaCas coated FP NPs in terms of long-term storage stability. The results revealed that the produced CHC coated FP/NaCas nanocomplexes could be very beneficial in entrapping and delivering bioactive substances.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Based on density functional theory, the adsorption behavior of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) on B40 and its derivatives has been explored. It was observed that 5-Fu prefers to combine with the corner boron ...atom of the B40 cage via one of its oxygen atoms, forming a strong polar covalent B–O bond. The adsorption energy of 5-Fu on B40 was calculated to be −11.15 kcal mol−1, and thus, it can be duly released from B40 by protonation in the slightly acidic environment of tumor tissue, which makes for reducing the toxic and side effects of this drug. Additionally, the substituent and embedding effect of Mg, Al, Si, Mn, Cu, and Zn atoms on the drug delivery performance of B40 have been also considered. We hope this work could offer some implications for the potential application of boron-based nanomaterials, such as B40 in drug delivery.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
An enrichment-based sensor array paper was developed for the sensitive discrimination of eight 5 heavy-metal ions at same concentration as low as 50μm. The color changes in array paper 6 provide ...facile identification of these heavy-metal ions with no misclassification.
•Enrichment was introduced to enhance the sensitivity of paper-based sensor array.•8 pyridylazo indicators provide facile identification of the heavy-metal ions.•The immobilization of pyridylazo indicators was performed using polymer.•Array technologies and pattern-recognition were combined.
Paper-based microfluidic devices have been widely investigated in recent years. Among various detection techniques, colorimetric method plays a very important role in paper-based microfluidic devices. The limitation, however, is also clear: they generally require highly sensitive indicators. In this work, we have developed a novel enrichment-based paper test for the discrimination of heavy-metal ions. Comparing to regular paper-based microfluidic devices, enrichment-based technique showed largely improved sensitivity. Combining with eight pyridylazo compounds and array technologies-based pattern-recognition, we have obtained the discrimination capability of eight different heavy-metal ions at same concentration as low as 50μM using our enrichment-based pyridylazo compounds array paper. Identification of the heavy-metal ions was readily achieved using a standard chemometric approach. This method can be, of course, used for other analytes as well.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Nitrogen (N) in subducting slab resides in both sediments and altered oceanic crust (AOC). The extent of subduction-zone metamorphic devolatilization of N in these reservoirs determines the amount of ...remaining N for deep recycling. However, N behavior inside the subduction zone, particularly below the forearc region, remains poorly understood so far. Here, we studied the pillow-shaped epidote-blueschist facies meta-basalts (hereafter refer to as blueschists) in the Heilongjiang Complex in Northeast China, aiming to understand the N behavior during the early subduction stage. Results show that these blueschists contain N (13.9 to 122.6 ppm; average: 51.0 ppm) up to seven times higher than the AOC (including pillow lavas) entering global trenches (N < 19 ppm; average 7 ppm). The N concentrations of the blueschists correlate with the Ba and Th concentrations, indicating that significant N enrichment of the blueschists took place inside the subduction zone in addition to small N enrichment on seafloor. The N concentrations and δ15N values of the blueschists show two distinct mixing trends, indicating that two types of ammonium (NH4+) were added into the blueschists. One is characterized by relatively high abundance and positive δ15N value (~ +3‰), which can be attributed to the direct assimilation of NH4+ in metamorphic fluids derived from the sedimentary components in the mélange. The other is characterized by relatively low abundance and extremely low δ15N values (~ −16‰). This NH4+ is consistent with a product of abiotic reduction of sediment-derived N2. This study demonstrates that the labile N in sediments released during early subduction can be at least partially (if not all) re-fixed into the more refractory meta-igneous part of the subducting slab, which facilitates the retention of N for deep subduction and recycling.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Beyond detecting brain lesions or tumors, comparatively little success has been attained in identifying brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). ...Many machine learning algorithms to detect AD have been trained using limited training data, meaning they often generalize poorly when applied to scans from previously unseen scanners/populations. Therefore, we built a practical brain MRI-based AD diagnostic classifier using deep learning/transfer learning on a dataset of unprecedented size and diversity. A retrospective MRI dataset pooled from more than 217 sites/scanners constituted one of the largest brain MRI samples to date (85,721 scans from 50,876 participants) between January 2017 and August 2021. Next, a state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network, Inception-ResNet-V2, was built as a sex classifier with high generalization capability. The sex classifier achieved 94.9% accuracy and served as a base model in transfer learning for the objective diagnosis of AD. After transfer learning, the model fine-tuned for AD classification achieved 90.9% accuracy in leave-sites-out cross-validation on the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, 6,857 samples) dataset and 94.5%/93.6%/91.1% accuracy for direct tests on three unseen independent datasets (AIBL, 669 samples / MIRIAD, 644 samples / OASIS, 1,123 samples). When this AD classifier was tested on brain images from unseen mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, MCI patients who converted to AD were 3 times more likely to be predicted as AD than MCI patients who did not convert (65.2% vs. 20.6%). Predicted scores from the AD classifier showed significant correlations with illness severity. In sum, the proposed AD classifier offers a medical-grade marker that has potential to be integrated into AD diagnostic practice.
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CEKLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Microwave transmission lines in wearable systems are easily damaged after frequent mechanical deformation, posing a severe threat to wireless communication. Here, we report a new strategy to ...achieve stretchable microwave transmission lines with superior reliability and durability by integrating a self-healable elastomer with serpentine-geometry plasmonic meta-waveguide to support the spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP). After mechanical damage, the self-healable elastomer can autonomously repair itself to maintain the electromagnetic performance and mechanical strength. Meanwhile, the specially designed SSPP structure exhibits excellent stability and damage resistance. Even if the self-healing process has not been completed or the eventual repair effect is not ideal, the spoof plasmonic meta-waveguide can still maintain reliable performance. Self-healing material enhances strength and durability, while the SSPP improves stability and gives more tolerance to the self-healing process. Our design coordinates the structural design with material synthesis to maximize the advantages of the SSPP and self-healing material, significantly improving the reliability and durability of stretchable microwave transmission lines. We also perform communication quality experiments to demonstrate the potential of the proposed meta-waveguide as interconnects in future body area network systems.
The study aims to explore the effects of
on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries by regulating Janus protein tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) ...signaling pathway by mediating inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane. A sum of 120 healthy Wistar male mice was assigned into six groups. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular shortening fraction (LVSF) were detected. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was determined by terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay.
expression, mRNA and protein expression of p-STAT3, p-JAK2, STAT3, JAK2, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein B (Bax) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Target relationship between
and JAK2 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The other five groups exhibited increased cardiomyocyte necrosis, apoptosis,
and Bax expression, mRNA expression of JAK2 and STAT3, and protein expression of p-STAT3 and p-JAK2 compared with the sham group, but showed decreased LVEF, LVFS, and Bcl-2 expression. Compared with the model and AG490 + Sevo groups, the Sevo, inhibitor + Sevo and inhibitor + AG490 + Sevo groups displayed reduced cardiomyocyte necrosis, apoptosis,
and Bax expression, but displayed elevated mRNA expression of JAK2 and STAT3, protein expression of p-STAT3 and p-JAK2, LVEF, LVFS and Bcl-2 expression. Compared with the Sevo and inhibitor + AG490 + Sevo groups, the AG490 + Sevo group showed decreased LVEF, LVFS, Bcl-2 expression, mRNA expressions of JAK2 and STAT3, and protein expressions of p-STAT3 and p-JAK2, but increased cardiomyocyte necrosis, apoptosis, and Bax expressions.
negatively targetted JAK2. Inhibition of
can protect against myocardial I/R injury by activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway through mediation of inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane.
The quality of EGD is a prerequisite for a high detection rate of upper GI lesions, especially early gastric cancer. Our previous study showed that an artificial intelligence system, named ...intelligent detection endoscopic assistant (IDEA), could help to monitor blind spots and provide an operation score during EGD. Here, we verified the effectiveness of IDEA to help evaluate the quality of EGD in a large-scale multicenter trial.
Patients undergoing EGD in 12 hospitals were consecutively enrolled. All hospitals were equipped with IDEA developed using deep convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory. Patients were examined by EGD, and the results were recorded by IDEA. The primary outcome was the detection rate of upper GI cancer. Secondary outcomes were part scores, total scores, and endoscopic procedure time, which were analyzed by IDEA.
A total of 17,787 patients were recruited. The total detection rate of cancer-positive cases was 1.50%, ranging from .60% to 3.94% in each hospital. The total detection rate of early cancer–positive cases was .36%, ranging from .00% to 1.58% in each hospital. The average total score analyzed by IDEA ranged from 64.87 ± 16.87 to 83.50 ± 9.57 in each hospital. The cancer detection rate in each hospital was positively correlated with total score (r = .775, P = .003). Similarly, the early cancer detection rate was positively correlated with total score (r = .756, P = .004).
This multicenter trial confirmed that the quality of the EGD result is positively correlated with the detection rate of cancer, which can be monitored by IDEA. (Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR2000029001.)
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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