Members of Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus-complex or olive waxcaps have both ecological and economic significance. European and North American species diversity of this fungal group has been presented in ...recent molecular phylogenetic studies, but no Chinese materials were included. In this study, a phylogenetic overview of the H. olivaceoalbus-complex based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences was made, and a local popular edible species from southwestern China was described as a new species H. annulatus. This new species is characterized by grayish brown, olive brown to dark brown pileus disc, inflexed to deflexed pileus margin, obvious and dark brown annulus, basidiospores measuring (8.0–)8.5–11.0(–12.0) × 5.0–7.5(–8.0) μm, and the distribution in subalpine forests dominated by Abies and/or Picea in southwestern China.
The family Hydnaceae (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) is a group of fungi found worldwide which exhibit stichic nuclear division. The group is highly diverse in morphology, ecology, and phylogeny, and ...includes some edible species which are popular all over the world. Traditionally, Hydnaceae together with Cantharellaceae, Clavulinaceae and Sistotremataceae are four families in the Cantharellales. The four families were combined and redefined as “Hydnaceae”, however, a comprehensive phylogeny based on multiple-marker dataset for the entire Hydnaceae sensu stricto is still lacking and the delimitation is also unclear. We inferred Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies for the family Hydnaceae from the data of five DNA regions: the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), the mitochondrial small subunit rDNA gene (mtSSU), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (TEF1). We also produced three more phylogenetic trees for Cantharellus based on 5.8S, nLSU, mtSSU, RPB2 and TEF1, Craterellus and Hydnum both based on the combined nLSU and ITS. This study has reproduced the status of Hydnaceae in the order Cantharellales, and phylogenetically confirmed seventeen genera in Hydnaceae. Twenty nine new taxa or synonyms are described, revealed, proposed, or reported, including eight new subgenera (Cantharellus subgenus Magnus, Craterellus subgenus Cariosi, subg. Craterellus, subg. Imperforati, subg. Lamelles, subg. Longibasidiosi, subg. Ovoidei, and Hydnum subgenus Brevispina); seventeen new species (Ca. laevihymeninus, Ca. magnus, Ca. subminor, Cr. badiogriseus, Cr. croceialbus, Cr. macrosporus, Cr. squamatus, H. brevispinum, H. flabellatum, H. flavidocanum, H. longibasidium, H. pallidocroceum, H. pallidomarginatum, H. sphaericum, H. tangerinum, H. tenuistipitum and H. ventricosum); two synonyms (Ca. anzutake and Ca. tuberculosporus as Ca. yunnanensis), and two newly recorded species (H. albomagnum and H. minum). The distinguishing characters of the new species and subgenera as well as their allied taxa are discussed in the notes which follow them. The delimitation and diversity in morphology, ecology, and phylogeny of Hydnaceae is discussed. Notes of seventeen genera which are phylogenetically accepted in Hydnaceae by this study and a key to the genera in Hydnaceae are provided.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
and
, belonging to the section
, are described from China as new to science.
has been found to be associated with
trees in subtropical China and resembling
, but it differs from the later by having ...slender basidiomata and the narrower basidiospores.
was collected from eastern Tibetan Plateau, associated with
. It differs from other species within sect.
by having olive tinge of mature or dried basidiomata and bigger basidiospores. The molecular data also support
and
as new species. The phylogenetic analyses and biogeography of sect.
are discussed and a key to the species of this section currently known in the world is provided.
Four new species of
subsection
from northern and southwestern China under coniferous and deciduous trees are proposed as
,
,
, and
. Illustrations and descriptions of
,
,
, and the above four new ...species are provided based on evidence of morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), as well as the multi-locus of mtSSU, nLSU,
,
and
-α. The relationships between these new species and allied taxa are discussed.
Five new
species,
,
,
,
and
spp. nov., are proposed based on a combination of morphological and molecular evidence.
is characterized by a very weakly hygrophanous and yellowish-brown to brown pileus ...and small and weakly verrucose basidiospores.
can be characterized by a viscid pileus, a strongly unpleasant smell, amygdaloid to somewhat ellipsoid basidiospores and lageniform to subfusiform cheilocystidia.
is identified by a strongly hygrophanous pileus that is reddish-brown with a black-brown umbo, a yellowish universal veil and ellipsoid to subamygdaloid basidiospores.
is characterized by a moderately to strongly hygrophanous, translucently striated and yellowish to reddish-brown pileus and rather weakly and moderately verrucose basidiospores.
is distinguished by a weakly to moderately hygrophanous and yellowish to brown pileus and moderately to rather strongly verrucose basidiospores. The phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods based on the data set of nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), D1-D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA (28S) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (
), and the results show that
,
and
cluster in sect.
,
belongs to sect.
and
belongs to sect.
. In addition, a study of basidiospores under field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was conducted. An identification key for the five new species and related species from China is also provided.
The first examples of Wolf Type II Zn2Ln‐containing metallopolymers poly{MMA‐co‐Zn2(L)2(4‐vp)2Ln(NO3)3} (Ln = La, Nd, Yb, Er, Gd; H2L = N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)ethylene‐1,2‐diamine; 4‐vp = ...4‐vinylpyridine; MMA = methyl methacrylate) are obtained from the controlled copolymerization of heterotrinuclear Zn2Ln‐arrayed complexes Zn2(L)2(4‐vp)2Ln(NO3)3 (Ln = La, 1; Ln = Nd, 2; Ln = Yb, 3; Ln = Er, 4; Ln = Gd, 5) with MMA. The strong and characteristic near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent Ln3+‐centered emission for each of the PMMA‐supported poly{MMA‐co‐Zn2(L)2(4‐vp)2Ln(NO3)3} (Ln = Nd, Yb, Er) hybrid materials is retained with somewhat higher intrinsic quantum yields than those of the respective Zn2Ln‐arrayed complex. Especially for poly(MMA‐co‐3), which has more efficient sensitization from both ligand‐centered singlet (1LC) and triplet (3LC) states of the chromophores, the concentration self‐quenching of Yb3+‐based NIR luminescence could be effectively prevented.
The first examples of Wolf Type II near‐infrared‐luminescent Zn2Ln‐containing metallopolymers poly{MMA‐co‐Zn2(L)2(4‐vp)2Ln(NO3)3} (H2L = N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)ethylene‐1,2‐diamine; Ln = La, Nd, Yb, Er, Gd; MMA = methyl methacrylate; 4‐vp = 4‐vinylpridine) are obtained from the controlled copolymerization of MMA with a series of Zn2Ln‐arrayed Schiff base complexes Zn2(L)2(4‐vp)2Ln(NO3)3.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
We report a self-assembly method for the fabrication of multilayer-starch-based microgels used for anthocyanin encapsulation. Alcohol-heating treatment and ionization reactions were employed to ...reduce the crystallinity of starch and introduce ionic groups on the molecule to further cross-link it with sodium trimetaphosphate and produce a starch microgel. The molecular interactions between the starch and the anthocyanins facilitated the anthocyanin encapsulation and the starch-microgel/anthocyanin complexes with one, two, and three self-assembled layers were obtained. The Lay-1 microgel exhibited an encapsulation efficiency of 50.1% when the anthocyanin concentration, cross-linking starch concentration, contact time, and temperature were 0.25 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 3 h, and 40 °C, respectively. An increase in the number of layers resulted in a more compact microgel structure with the zeta potential presenting variations upon structural changes. Furthermore, the encapsulated anthocyanins presented a slow release from Lay-1, while the multilayered microgels (Lay-2 and Lay-3) displayed outstanding encapsulation stability. This study gives an insight on the encapsulation and release of anthocyanins by starch microgels, and provides a novel strategy for the design of starch-based encapsulation materials presenting great stability.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Two new Cortinarius species in subgenus Leprocybe , Cortinarius hengduanensis and C. yadingensi s, are proposed based on a combination of morphological and molecular evidence. Cortinarius ...hengduanensis has distinct olive tinged basidiomata, a squamulose pileus, and small, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores, the ITS sequence differs from that of C. flavifolium by at least 28 substitutions and independent positions. Cortinarius yadingensis has a squamulose pileus and subglobose to broadly ellipsoid coarsely verrucose basidiospores, the ITS sequence has at least 11 substitutions and index position deviations from the other members of the Leprocybe section. Both new species were found in mixed forests of southwest China.
Background: Acute aorta dissection (AD) is a fatal emergency, however, studies addressing the clinical characteristics, management, and outcome of acute AD in young adult patients aged under 45 years ...in China are very few.
Methods: A retrospective study including 490 patients with acute AD as the final diagnosis was conducted. Patients' demographics, clinical characteristics, medical history, and laboratory and diagnostic imaging findings were retrieved from medical records. Results: The median age of young adult patients with acute AD was 38 years old with an interquartile range from 33 to 41. Male and smoker constituted 84.49% and 50.61% of the cohort, respectively. Hypertension was found in 54.49%, while Marfan syndrome was seen in 4.29% of the patients. Abrupt onset of chest or back pain was the most common symptoms (85.31%), while altered consciousness, coma and oliguria were less reported. Most patients (89.39%) were managed with surgical interventions. Typical complications (central nervous system complications, spinal cord ischemia, myocardial ischemia/infarction, mesenteric ischemia/infarction and acute renal failure) were seen in a small portion of treated patients during perioperative period. For in-hospital mortality there were 24 (∼5%) cases recorded. Correlation analysis indicated that perioperative complications were associated with the length of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (P < 0.0001), and mortality after surgery correlated history of prior cardiac surgery (P = 0.043). Conclusion: CPB and prior cardiac surgery were associated with perioperative complications and mortality after surgery, respectively. The findings are valuable to the further refinement of diagnosis and surgical management of patients with acute aortic dissection.
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DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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