Abstract Objective Emerging evidences implicate long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are deregulated in cancer development. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the role of new lncRNA, named ...PlncRNA-1, in prostate cancer (CaP) pathogenesis. Materials and methods In this study, real-time q-PCR was used to demonstrate the expression of PlncRNA-1 in 16 pairs CaP tissues and matched normal tissues, 14 pairs CaP tissues and BPH tissues, 4 CaP cell lines, including LNCaP, LNCaP-AI, PC3, and C4-2, and 2 normal prostate epithelial cell lines RWPE-1 and PWR-1E. After PlncRNA-1 was suppressed by siRNA in LNCaP and LNCaP-AI cell lines, cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using CCK-8 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). After PlncRNA-1 and AR was suppressed by siRNA in LNCaP and LNCaP-AI cell lines, real-time q-PCR and Western blotting were used to measure reciprocal regulation of PlncRNA-1 and AR. Results We showed that expression PlncRNA-1, was significantly higher in CaP cells relative to normal prostate epithelial cells, as well as higher in human CaPs compared with normal tissues and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Silencing of PlncRNA-1 significantly reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in CaP cell lines LNCaP and LNCaP-AI. Mechanistically, PlncRNA-1 suppression by siRNA resulted in a decrease of androgen receptor (AR) mRNA, protein and AR downstream target. Of note, blockade of AR signaling with siRNA also resulted in a suppression of PlncRNA-1 expression in CaP cell lines. Conclusions Our study suggests reciprocal regulation of PlncRNA-1 and androgen receptor contribute to CaP pathogenesis and that PlncRNA-1 is a potential therapy target.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Abstract Examining plasma RNA is an emerging non-invasive diagnosis technique. However, whether tumour-derived long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in plasma can be used as a novel approach to detect human ...prostate cancer (PCa) has not yet been established. The study was divided into three parts: (1) the characteristics of PCa-related lncRNA fragments were systematically studied in the plasma or serum of 25 patients; (2) the source of the circulating lncRNA fragments was explored in vitro and in vivo ; and (3) the diagnostic performance of metastasis associated in lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT-1) derived (MD) miniRNA was validated in an independent cohort of 192 patients. The expression levels of lncRNAs were measured by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The MD-miniRNA copies were calculated using a standard curve in an area under the ROC curve (AUC)-receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Genome-wide profiling revealed that MALAT-1 and prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) are overexpressed in PCa tissues. Plasma lncRNAs probably exist in the form of fragments in a stable form. MD-miniRNA enters cell culture medium at measurable levels, and MD-miniRNA derived from human PCa xenografts actually enters the circulation in vivo and can be measured to distinguish xenografted mice from controls. In addition, plasma MD-miniRNA levels are significantly elevated in PCa patients compared to non-PCa patients ( p < 0.001). At a cut-off of 867.8 MD-miniRNA copies per microlitre of plasma, the sensitivity is 58.6%, 58.6% and 43.5% and the specificity is 84.8%, 84.8% and 81.6% for discriminating PCa from non-PCa, positive biopsy from negative biopsy and positive biopsy from negative biopsy, respectively. We conclude that MD-miniRNA can be used as a novel plasma-based biomarker for PCa detection and can improve diagnostic accuracy by predicting prostate biopsy outcomes. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Wearable electronics fabricated on lightweight and flexible substrate are believed to have great potential for portable devices, but their applications are limited by the life span of their ...batteries. We propose a hybridized self-charging power textile system with the aim of simultaneously collecting outdoor sunshine and random body motion energies and then storing them in an energy storage unit. Both of the harvested energies can be easily converted into electricity by using fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cells (for solar energy) and fiber-shaped triboelectric nanogenerators (for random body motion energy) and then further stored as chemical energy in fiber-shaped supercapacitors. Because of the all-fiber-shaped structure of the entire system, our proposed hybridized self-charging textile system can be easily woven into electronic textiles to fabricate smart clothes to sustainably operate mobile or wearable electronics.
The emerging 2D perovskites exhibit superior stability and similar optoelectronic attributes compared to the 3D analogues, but their strong exciton-binding energy and inferior interlayer ...charge-transport reduce dramatically the device performance. Herein, we report a universal approach towards high-efficiency 2D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by using the synergistic effect of NH 4 Cl and H 2 O to rotate the crystallographic orientation of 2D systems. The preferential adsorption of NH 4 Cl to the (202) crystal plane and the accelerated deprotonation of NH 4 + by H 2 O guide the crystal growth of the 2D framework towards vertical out-of-plane orientation, which strongly improves the 2D crystallinity, charge mobility, and carrier lifetime. As a representative, (PEA) 2 (MA) 3 Pb 4 I 13 -based PSCs ( n ≤ 4) prepared via the vertical-rotation process achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.03%, among the best PCEs reported for 2D PSCs. These findings offer a universal approach to rotate the orientation of 2D perovskites for efficient photovoltaics regardless of the perovskite composition.
The Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) senses the Earth from onboard two concurrently operating European Copernicus Sentinel-3 (S3) satellites. As the Terra platform carrying the ...Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is reaching its end of life, the S3 Active Fire Detection and FRP products generated from data captured by S3 SLSTR are expected to soon become the main global active fire (AF) product for the mid-morning and evening low Earth orbit timeslots. The S3 night-time AF product issued by the European Space Agency (ESA) has been operational since March 2020, and here we report on the significant adjustments made to enable the generation of a complimentary daytime product. Similar to MODIS, SLSTR possesses two middle infrared channels, both a ‘standard’ (normal gain; S7) channel and a ‘fire’ (low-gain; F1) channel - but in contrast to MODIS by day even the ambient background land surface is often saturated in the SLSTR standard gain MIR (S7) channel. This saturation necessitates far greater use of the F1 channel data by day for active fire detection than by night, even though F1 has characteristics which make its data more challenging to combine with that from the other SLSTR thermal infrared channels. Here we report on the approaches used to combine S7 and F1 data for optimized daytime AF detection, and also detail the other algorithm adjustments found necessary to include in the daytime AF product algorithm. We compare the resulting daytime SLSTR AF product data to that generated from near-simultaneous views provided by MODIS onboard Terra. When both sensors detect the same active fire cluster at similar time, there is minimal bias shown between the two FRP retrievals (the ordinary least squares linear best fit between matched SLSTR and MODIS per-fire FRP matchups has a slope of 0.97). At the regional scale, the S3 product detects 70% of the AF pixels that the matching MODIS product reports, but also provides a further (16%) set of unique AF pixel detections. Regional FRP totals derived from SLSTR appear slightly lower than those from MODIS, and the OLS linear best fit between these regional FRP matchup datasets has a slope of 0.91. This is largely due to SLSTR performing less well in detecting the lowest FRP fires by day, whereas by night the S3 product performs a little better than MODIS due to the increased night-time use of S7 in the earlier AF pixel detection stages. Global fire mapping at a 0.25° grid cell resolution shows very similar daytime fire patterns and FRP totals from S3 and Terra MODIS, with SLSTR detecting around twice the number of AF pixels due to the algorithm being more effective at identifying low FRP pixels at the edges of fire clusters. Regional time series case studies also show very similar temporal patterns between S3 and Terra MODIS. Longer-term intercomparisons such as these will provide the knowledge necessary to use MODIS and SLSTR AF products together to analyse long-term AF trends. Comparing near simultaneous observations of fires by SLSTR and from the 30 m spatial resolution Landsat Operational Land Image (OLI) data, we find that once there are around 150 OLI active fire pixels detected within the area of an SLSTR pixel, the chances of that SLSTR pixel being classed as an active fire by the daytime algorithm rises to almost 100%. The daytime SLSTR AF Detection and FRP product based on the algorithm described herein has been fully operational since March 2022 and is available from the Sentinel-3 Science Hub (https://scihub.copernicus.eu/).
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•We develop the first daytime fire radiative power (FRP) system for SLSTR.•We develop a dedicated synthetic ‘BT4’ band combining SLSTR S7/F1 channels.•Strong FRP agreement is found between SLSTR and MODIS on a per-fire basis.•Strong pattern agreement is found between gridded SLSTR and MODIS FRP data.•SLSTR daytime FRP data is available from Copernicus Data Hub from March 2022.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Hybrid solar cells based on n-Si/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene- sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) heterojunction promise to be a low cost photovoltaic technology by using simple device ...structure and easy fabrication process. However, due to the low conductivity of PEDOT:PSS, a metal grid deposited by vacuum evaporation method is still required to enhance the charge collection efficiency, which complicates the device fabrication process. Here, a solution-processed graphene oxide (GO)-welded silver nanowires (AgNWs) transparent conductive electrode (TCE) was employed to replace the vacuum deposited metal grid. A unique “sandwich” structure was developed by embedding an AgNW network between PEDOT:PSS and GO with a figure-of-merit of 8.6 × 10–3 Ω–1, which was even higher than that of sputtered indium tin oxide electrode (6.6 × 10–3 Ω–1). A champion power conversion efficiency of 13.3% was achieved, because of the decreased series resistance of the TCEs as well as the enhanced built-in potential (V bi) in the hybrid solar cells. The TCEs were obtained by facile low-temperature solution process method, which was compatible with cost-effective mass production technology.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Global disparities in prostate cancer (PCa) incidence highlight the urgent need to identify genomic abnormalities in prostate tumors in different ethnic populations including Asian men.
To ...systematically explore the genomic complexity and define disease-driven genetic alterations in PCa.
The study sequenced whole-genome and transcriptome of tumor-benign paired tissues from 65 treatment-naive Chinese PCa patients. Subsequent targeted deep sequencing of 293 PCa-relevant genes was performed in another cohort of 145 prostate tumors.
The genomic alteration landscape in PCa was analyzed using an integrated computational pipeline. Relationships with PCa progression and survival were analyzed using nonparametric test, log-rank, and multivariable Cox regression analyses.
We demonstrated an association of high frequency of CHD1 deletion with a low rate of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion and relatively high percentage of mutations in androgen receptor upstream activator genes in Chinese patients. We identified five putative clustered deleted tumor suppressor genes and provided experimental and clinical evidence that PCDH9, deleted/loss in approximately 23% of tumors, functions as a novel tumor suppressor gene with prognostic potential in PCa. Furthermore, axon guidance pathway genes were frequently deregulated, including gain/amplification of PLXNA1 gene in approximately 17% of tumors. Functional and clinical data analyses showed that increased expression of PLXNA1 promoted prostate tumor growth and independently predicted prostate tumor biochemical recurrence, metastasis, and poor survival in multi-institutional cohorts of patients with PCa. A limitation of this study is that other genetic alterations were not experimentally investigated.
There are shared and salient genetic characteristics of PCa in Chinese and Caucasian men. Novel genetic alterations in PCDH9 and PLXNA1 were associated with disease progression.
We reported the first large-scale and comprehensive genomic data of prostate cancer from Asian population. Identification of these genetic alterations may help advance prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
We presented the first comprehensive genetic alteration landscape of prostate cancer in Chinese men and identify novel genes and progression pathways that may help advance prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized medicine.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The study of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has made significant progress over the last decade. Genome-wide association studies have identified and further substantiated the role of susceptibility genes ...outside the major histocompatibility complex locus. However, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 has been suggested to be important in the pathogenesis of AS, contributing to ~20.1% of AS heritability. The current review will present the classical and non-classical forms of HLA-B27, as well as their pathogenic roles, and further discuss the hypotheses regarding the potential pathogenesis of AS. In addition, the association between the pathogenic role of HLA-B27 and inflammatory indexes, including the interleukin-23/−17 axis will be investigated to provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of AS. The aim of the present review is to provide an update of the current research into the pathogenesis of AS, and provide a comprehensive description of the pathogenic role of HLA-B27 in AS.
Characterising the highly variable temporal dynamics of landscape-scale fire activity is best achieved using geostationary satellites, and the Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) now provides ...views of Asian and Australian fires at an unprecedented 10min temporal resolution and 2km nadir thermal channel spatial resolution. We here develop the first processing system to identify active fires and retrieve their fire radiative power (FRP) from AHI data, based on the geostationary Fire Thermal Anomaly (FTA) algorithm and FRP retrieval method originally developed for use with Meteosat SEVIRI over Africa and Europe. This scheme detects active fires covering as little as 10−3 to 10−4 of an AHI pixel, and we compare performance to the same scheme applied to data from the forerunner geostationary MTSAT imager and the FengYun-2 (FY-2) Stretched Visible and Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (S-VISSR), and also to 1km (at nadir) polar-orbiting MODIS active fire data. We find major benefits of Himawari-8 AHI over both MTSAT and FY-2, being able to detect a substantially greater proportion of fire activity and with little impact from sensor saturation. AHI-derived FRP retrievals of detected fires show a very strong agreement and a low (3MW) bias with respect to near-simultaneous MODIS retrievals, though fires having FRP≤40MW are undercounted by AHI due to its 4× larger pixel area (at nadir) than MODIS. Large parts of Asia are characterised by smaller/lower FRP fires associated with e.g. agricultural residue burning, meaning many are at or below this AHI minimum FRP detection limit, and during June 2015 AHI fails to detect around 66% of the hotspots that MODIS detects when both sensors view the same area simultaneously. However, AHI provides 144 observation opportunities per day compared to 4 typical observations from MODIS, and shows a low (8%) active fire detection error of commission. We demonstrate the unique value of the geostationary FRP retrievals made from AHI data for full fire diurnal cycle assessment and for Fire Radiative Energy (FRE) calculations. We conclude that these FRP data demonstrate major benefits for studies of active fires over Asia and Australia, and expect them to become an important component of the global geostationary active fire observation system.
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•We developed the first fire radiative power system based on Himawari-8.•Strong agreement had been found between Himawari-8 and MODIS on a per-fire basis.•Advances in Himawari-8 system had been studied with comparison of MTSAT and FY-2.•The fire diurnal cycle and fire pattern in Asia and Australia are explored briefly.•The Himawari-8 fire system can be part of global geostationary fire system.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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