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•Diwu Yanggan had liver protection effects.•Diwu Yanggan improved 2-AAF/PH-induced hepatic precancerous lesions in rats.•Diwu Yanggan downregulated MET disease genes.
Diwu Yanggan ...(DWYG) is a medicinal food formula that has demonstrated in vivo hepatoprotective properties. However, the mechanisms underlying DWYG's effects against hepatic precancerous lesions have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of DWYG in alleviating pre-cancerous liver lesions and explore the associated mechanisms using a rat model of 2-acetylaminofluorene/partial hepatectomy (2-AAF/PH) induced hepatic precancerous lesions. Our results demonstrated that treatment with Diwu Yanggan significantly reduced the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in the liver compared to the model group. Additionally, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels approached those observed in the control group. Meanwhile, the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was also decreased in the DWYG group. Collectively, our findings suggest that DWYG exhibits significant inhibitory effects on hepatic precancerous lesions in the 2-AAF/PH rat model through modulation of the IL-6/HGFsignaling system.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Autophagy is an important mechanism to maintain homeostasis in cells. It has been linked with ageing and many currently incurable diseases, including heart disease, cancer, myopathies, ...neurodegeneration, and diabetes. Autophagy research is very important for identifying better treatments. This study aimed to explore the hotspots of autophagy research published from different countries, organizations, and authors.
Between 1962 and 2018, articles published about autophagy were identified in the Web of Science database. The total and annual number of articles, citations, impact factor, Hirsch (H)-index, number of article citations, productive authors, and involved journals were collected for quantitative and qualitative comparisons.
From 1962 to 2018, 18,811 autophagy-related articles written in English were published. Most were from China (6,731). The United States dominated in citation frequency (391,030) and h-index (264). Among related journals,
published the most articles (1,388), followed by
(585) and
(392). Daniel Klionsky was the most productive author, with 171 publications. The article "LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing" was cited most frequently. The top-ranked keyword was "degradation" of macroautophagy.
Publication of articles about autophagy has increased notably from 1962 to 2018, and has increased annually. The general quality of publications from China is still in need of improvement. Autophagy research has shifted gradually from basic studies to clinical studies in recent years.
Chicoric acid (CA) has been reported to exhibit biological activities; it remains unclear, however, whether CA could regulate colitis via modulation of the gut microbiota and metabolites. This study ...aimed to assess CA's impact on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, the gut microbiota, and metabolites. Mice were induced with 2.5% DSS to develop colitis over a 7-day period. CA was administered intragastrically one week prior to DSS treatment and continued for 14 days. The microbial composition in the stool was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing, while non-targeted metabolomics was employed to analyze the metabolic profiles of each mouse group. The results show that CA effectively alleviated colitis, as evidenced by an increased colon length, lowered disease activity index (DAI) and histological scores, and decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression levels. CA intervention restored the structure of gut microbiota. Specifically, it decreased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria at the phylum level and
,
, and unclassified
at the genus level, and increased the abundance of unclassified
at the genus level. Metabolomic analysis revealed that CA supplementation reversed the up-regulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine, N-glycolylneuraminic acid, and N-acetylneuraminic acid, as well as the down-regulation of phloroglucinol, thiamine, 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol, lithocholic acid, and oxymatrine induced by DSS. Our current research provides scientific evidence for developing CA into an anti-colitis functional food ingredient. Further clinical trials are warranted to elucidate the efficacy and mechanism of CA in treating human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The distinct tumor microenvironment (TME) of prostate cancer (PCa), which promotes tumor proliferation and progression, consists of various stromal cells, immune cells, and a dense extracellular ...matrix (ECM). The understanding of the prostate TME extends to tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) and metastasis niches to provide a more concise comprehension of tumor metastasis. These constituents collectively structure the hallmarks of the pro-tumor TME, including immunosuppressive, acidic, and hypoxic niches, neuronal innervation, and metabolic rewiring. In combination with the knowledge of the tumor microenvironment and the advancement of emerging therapeutic technologies, several therapeutic strategies have been developed, and some of them have been tested in clinical trials. This review elaborates on PCa TME components, summarizes various TME-targeted therapies, and provides insights into PCa carcinogenesis, progression, and therapeutic strategies.
Organic–inorganic lead perovskites have shown great promise as photovoltaic materials, and within this class of materials (CH3NH3)PbI3–x Cl x is of particular interest. Herein we use soft X-ray ...spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to demonstrate that the methylammonium cations in a typical photovoltaic layer may dissociate into a metastable arrangement of CH3I–Pb2 defects and trapped NH3. The possibility that other metastable configurations of the organic components in (CH3NH3)PbI3–x Cl x is rarely considered but adds an entirely new dimension in understanding the charge trapping, ionic transport, and structural degradation mechanisms in these materials. Understanding the influence of these other configurations is of critical importance for further improving the performance of these photovoltaics.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
The Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED)—currently by far the most widely used global fire emissions inventory—is primarily driven by the 500 m MODIS MCD64A1 burned area (BA) product. This product ...is unable to detect many smaller fires, and the new v4.1s of GFED addresses this deficiency by using a ‘small fire boost’ (SFB) methodology that estimates the ‘small fire’ burned area from MODIS active fire (AF) detections. We evaluate the performance of this approach in two globally significant agricultural burning regions dominated by small fires, eastern China and north-western India. We find the GFED4.1s SFB can affect the burned area and fire emissions data reported by GFED very significantly, and the approach shows some potential for reducing low biases in GFED’s fire emissions estimates of agricultural burning regions. However, it also introduces several significant errors. In north-western India, the SFB slightly improves the temporal distribution of agricultural burning, but the magnitude of the additional burned area added by the SFB is far too low. In eastern China, the SFB appears to have some positive effects on the magnitude of agricultural burning reported in June and October, but significant errors are introduced in the summer months via false alarms in the MODIS AF product. This results in a completely inaccurate ‘August’ burning period in GFED4.1s, where false fires are erroneously stated to be responsible for roughly the same amount of dry matter fuel consumption as fires in June and October. Even without the SFB, we also find problems with some of the burns detected by the MCD64A1 burned area product in these agricultural regions. Overall, we conclude that the SFB methodology requires further optimisation and that the efficacy of GFED4.1s’ ‘boosted’ BA and resulting fire emissions estimates require careful consideration by users focusing in areas where small fires dominate.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In the process of drilling, the tubing-casing annulus are easily to be eccentric. Heat transport phenomenon occurring in such tubes and annulus can be complex, and this paper investigates forced ...convection in a vertical eccentric annulus with different radius ratios and eccentricity (normalized by the radius difference). Physical experiments and numerical simulation have been conducted with constant inner tube inlet temperature and flow rate of hot water. Results show that with the increase of radius ratios, the convection heat transport coefficient increases. For a radius ratio of 1.875, the heat transport coefficient increases as the eccentricity increases when the Re > 2000 and it decreases when the Re < 2000. For a radius ratio of 2.25 and Re < 1500, the influence of eccentricity is trivial, but for Re > 1500, the increase of eccentricity strengthens the heat convection. For a radius ratio of 3.06, the heat transport coefficient increases as the eccentricity increases. An empirical correlation for Nusselt number is derived as a function of Reynolds number, Prandtl number and eccentricity.
•For Do/Di = 1.875, the effect of eccentricity is identified into two zones.•For Do/Di = 3.06, the increase of eccentricity enhances the convective heat transport.•The increase of radius ratio strengthens the heat transport of annular channels.•With low eccentricity and low Reynolds number, the increase of radius ratio can hardly improve the heat exchange efficiency.•Three kind of empirical correlations are regressed through parametric analysis.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Understanding the seasonal variation characteristics and trends in water quality is one of the most important aspects for protecting and conserving lakes. Lake Yangzong water quality parameters and ...nutrients, including water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, conductivity, Chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), were monitored in different seasons from 2015 to 2021. Based on the monitoring data, the temporal and spatial variations of various parameters were analyzed. The results showed that Lake Yangzong is a warm monomictic lake. The Pearson correlation coefficient and correlation analysis showed water quality parameters were significantly correlated and probably affected by temperature. Cyanobacteria were at risk of blooming in spring and autumn. The contents of TN and TP in winter were significantly higher than in summer, especially TN, with both reaching a peak at the epilimnion and hypolimnion in December 2020 (TN = 1.3 mg/L, TP = 0.06 mg/L). We also observed a dual risk of endogenous release and exogenous input. Therefore, strengthening the supervision for controlling eutrophication caused by human activities and endogenous release is urgently needed.
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the most devastating complication of joint replacement that seriously affects the quality of life and causes a heavy burden to the families and society. Due to ...shorter hospital stays, lower costs, improved joint function and less morbidity, a process of debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) is recommended as the preferred treatment for acute periprosthetic joint infection. However, the factors that impact the success rate of DAIR remain controversial. This article evaluates the influential factors of DAIR and provides insights for orthopaedics surgeons to make optimal decisions to improve the success rate of DAIR.
The poor general condition of patients, high preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) level, repeated joint surgeries, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections may be associated with lower DAIR success rate. To the contrary, early surgery, radical debridement, exchange of removable components, washing with iodine and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) may improve the success rate of DAIR. A sinus tract may not be absolutely contraindicated, but surgeons should treat it with caution. As there is no consensus on many issues, more high-quality research is required.
Extreme fires in the peatlands of South East (SE) Asia are arguably the world's greatest biomass burning events, resulting in some of the worst ambient air pollution ever recorded (PM
> 3000 µg·m
). ...The worst of these fires coincide with El Niño related droughts, and include huge areas of smouldering combustion that can persist for months. However, areas of flaming surface vegetation combustion atop peat are also seen, and we show that the largest of these latter fires appear to be the most radiant and intensely smoke-emitting areas of combustion present in such extreme fire episodes. Fire emissions inventories and early warning of the air quality impacts of landscape fire are increasingly based on the fire radiative power (FRP) approach to fire emissions estimation, including for these SE Asia peatland fires. "Top-down" methods estimate total particulate matter emissions directly from FRP observations using so-called "smoke emission coefficients"
; g·MJ
, but currently no discrimination is made between fire types during such calculations. We show that for a subset of some of the most thermally radiant peatland fires seen during the 2015 El Niño, the most appropriate
is around a factor of three lower than currently assumed (~16.8 ± 1.6 g·MJ
vs. 52.4 g·MJ
). Analysis indicates that this difference stems from these highly radiant fires containing areas of substantial flaming combustion, which changes the amount of particulate matter emitted per unit of observable fire radiative heat release in comparison to more smouldering dominated events. We also show that even a single one of these most radiant fires is responsible for almost 10% of the overall particulate matter released during the 2015 fire event, highlighting the importance of this fire type to overall emission totals. Discriminating these different fires types in ways demonstrated herein should thus ultimately improve the accuracy of SE Asian fire emissions estimates derived using the FRP approach, and the air quality modelling which they support.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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