The purpose of this paper was to utilize the Chinese Character Writing Scale (CCWS) to identify patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI) from healthy and Alzheimer's disease (AD) ...patients. Thirty-five cases were collected, including 11 patients with AD (AD group), 11 patients with a-MCI (a-MCI group), and 13 normal controls (NC group). The scores of the CCWS for different groups were evaluated by the physicians, then used to distinguish a-MCI from NC and AD. The ability of the CCWS to distinguish a-MCI was compared with other scales used clinically, such as the methods of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The results was as follows: (1) the classification accuracy based on the CCWS on distinguishing a-MCI from NC is greater than the MMSE and ADAS, (2) age and level of education had little effect on the classification accuracy of either scale on distinguishing a-MCI from NC. These experimental results indicate that using the CCWS to distinguish a-MCI is feasible.
α‐Formamidinium lead iodide (α‐FAPbI3) is one of the most promising candidate materials for high‐efficiency and thermally stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) owing to its outstanding optoelectrical ...properties and high thermal stability. However, achieving a stable form of α‐FAPbI3 where both the composition and the phase are pure is very challenging. Herein, we report on a combined strategy of precursor engineering and grain anchoring to successfully prepare methylammonium (MA)‐free and phase‐pure stable α‐FAPbI3 films. The incorporation of volatile FA‐based additives in the precursor solutions completely suppresses the formation of non‐perovskite δ‐FAPbI3 during film crystallization. Grains of the desired α‐phase are anchored together and stabilized when 4‐tert‐butylbenzylammonium iodide is permeated into the α‐FAPbI3 film interior via grain boundaries. This cooperative scheme leads to a significantly increased efficiency close to 21 % for FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells. Moreover, the stabilized PSCs exhibit improved thermal stability and maintained ≈90 % of their initial efficiency after storage at 50 °C for over 1600 hours.
Formamidinium (FA)‐based additives in precursor solutions suppressed the formation of the undesired δ phase during the crystallization of FAPbI3 perovskites, and heat‐induced permeation of 4‐tert‐butylbenzylammonium iodide (tBBAI) into inner perovskite grains stabilized the α structure. Solar cells assembled from this material exhibited improved power conversion efficiency and stability.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In article number 2000238, Hong Liu, Lin Han, and co‐workers present InSe‐Se vertical van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures to address a formidable contact engineering challenge, which have a low ...lattice mismatch of 1.1% and form 2D/2D low‐resistance vdW contacts, creating an InSe contact interface that substantially limits chemical disorder and Fermi‐level pinning.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper investigates the pricing of foreign equity option whose value depends on foreign equity prices and exchange rate. We assume that the underlying asset returns of foreign equity option is ...not a Brownian motion, and use the Gram–Charlier series expansion to augment a normal density with two additional terms to capture the effects of skewness and kurtosis. The empirical study shows that the higher order moments (skewness and kurtosis) clearly affect the estimated prices of foreign equity options. This approach enables us to capture more accurately the foreign equity option prices.
► We investigate the impact of higher order moments in foreign equity option pricing. ► We use the Gram-Charlier series expansion to augment a normal density with two additional terms to capture the effects of skewness and kurtosis. ► The numerical results show that higher order moments have significant effects for the foreign equity option prices.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as hole conductor, a series of inverted planar CH
NH
PbI
Cl
perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated based on perovskite ...annealed by an improved time-temperature dependent (TTD) procedure in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere for different time. Only after an optimum annealing time, an optimized power conversion efficiency of 14.36% could be achieved. To understand their performance dependence on annealing time, an in situ real-time synchrotron-based grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) was used to monitor a step-by-step gradual structure transformation from distinct mainly organic-inorganic hybrid materials into highly ordered CH
NH
PbI
crystal during annealing. However, a re-crystallization process of perovskite crystal was observed for the first time during such an annealing procedure, which helps to enhance the perovskite crystallization and preferential orientations. The present GIXRD findings could well explain the drops of the open circuit voltage (V
) and the fill factor (FF) during the ramping of temperature as well as the optimized power conversion efficiency achieved after an optimum annealing time. Thus, the present study not only illustrates clearly the decisive roles of post-annealing in the formation of solution-processed perovskite to better understand its formation mechanism, but also demonstrates the crucial dependences of device performance on the perovskite microstructure in PSCs.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Membrane-associated actin polymerization is of considerable interest due to its role in cell migration and the motility of intracellular organelles. Intensive research efforts are underway to ...investigate the physiological role of membrane-associated actin as well as the regulation and mechanics of actin assembly. Branched actin polymerization on membranes is catalyzed by the Arp2/3 complex. Signaling events leading to the activation of the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein Cdc42 stimulate Arp2/3-dependent actin polymerization. We have studied the role of Cdc42 at the Golgi apparatus in part by reconstituting actin polymerization on isolated Golgi membranes and on liposomes. In this manner, we showed that cytosolic proteins are sufficient for actin assembly on a phospholipid bilayer. Here we describe methods for the cell-free reconstitution of membrane-associated actin polymerization using liposomes and brain cytosol.
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FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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