Many organizations are confronted with the challenge of improving supply chain transparency not only to meet regulatory requirements, but also to optimize operations, guarantee the quality of ...outputs, and ensure the sustainability of processes. As this topic has garnered significant interest across a wide range of academic disciplines, there is a need to synthesize and categorize these diverse contributions to inspire future investigations of emerging or under-researched substantive areas. This article addresses this need by reviewing existing research on supply chain transparency and offers an integrated understanding of this growing literature. By analyzing a sample of over 300 peer-reviewed articles through bibliometric and automated text mining methods, we identify six distinct clusters that represent substantive literature subdomains: transparency technologies, knowledge integration, governance, sustainability, traceability, and resilience. Building on these structured analyses, we develop a literature framework to comprehensively organize insights from these clusters and illustrate the conceptual relationships between transparency management systems, transparency vehicles, and transparency outcomes. By providing a holistic examination of how supply chain transparency is enabled, our framework aids researchers' future studies and guides practitioners’ strategies to identify, diagnose, and address modern challenges that face supply chains (e.g., COVID-19 pandemic, workplace exploitation, increased third-party scrutiny).
•Supply chain transparency research greatly expanded needing a comprehensive review.•A bibliometric analysis reveals six clusters representing literature subdomains.•Text-mining analysis of these clusters highlights important themes in each cluster.•A framework maps the links between transparency systems, vehicles, and outcomes.•A research agenda calls for study of emerging or under-researched substantive areas.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The initial screening decision that marketing managers make is critical. It requires the selection of what innovation project to invest in, which is fundamental to marketing success. However, our ...knowledge of how managers make these decisions and how this impacts performance is limited. By drawing upon cognitive psychology and the managerial decision‐making literature, we address two critical questions. The first question focuses on identifying specific decision‐making types (e.g., specific heuristics, intuition) used when making an innovation screening decision. Based on this analysis and prior research, we develop specific decision‐maker profiles about how an individual manager decides. The second research question is about connecting these profiles with performance. Specifically, it addresses what the consequences of different decision‐maker profiles are on the perceived accuracy and speed of decision‐making? Data were collected from 122 senior managers in these industries. We find that when heuristics are used alone, or concurrently with intuition, managers make decisions that are as accurate as when they rely on analytical decision‐making. However, the process is significantly faster. The findings provide an important step toward a more comprehensive understanding of decision‐making at the front‐end of innovation.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
CRISPR-Cas9 technologies have dramatically increased the ease of targeting DNA sequences in the genomes of living systems. The fusion of chromatin-modifying domains to nuclease-deactivated Cas9 ...(dCas9) has enabled targeted epigenome editing in both cultured cells and animal models. However, delivering large dCas9 fusion proteins to target cells and tissues is an obstacle to the widespread adoption of these tools for in vivo studies. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of two conditional transgenic mouse lines for epigenome editing, Rosa26:LSL-dCas9-p300 for gene activation and Rosa26:LSL-dCas9-KRAB for gene repression. By targeting the guide RNAs to transcriptional start sites or distal enhancer elements, we demonstrate regulation of target genes and corresponding changes to epigenetic states and downstream phenotypes in the brain and liver in vivo, and in T cells and fibroblasts ex vivo. These mouse lines are convenient and valuable tools for facile, temporally controlled, and tissue-restricted epigenome editing and manipulation of gene expression in vivo.
This paper provides the first empirically based marketing model of the perceptions of givers and the resulting impact on donations. Within nonprofit marketing there is a considerable amount of extant ...research to support the view that both extrinsic and intrinsic variables can be used to separate givers and non-givers to nonprofits. However, they are less useful in explaining the level of support that will be offered. Perceptual factors may offer more utility in this regard. Structural equations models are presented based on a survey of over 1300 donors that link a series of perceptual determinants to the level of the average donation to a specific organization. The potential mediating roles of trust and commitment are also explored. Trust appears unrelated to the direct benefits that accrue to donors as a consequence of their gift. Rather, trust (and indirectly, commitment) is predicated on the perceived benefits supplied to beneficiaries and the manner in which the impact of these benefits is communicated back to donors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Aims There is an increasing incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers (OPSCC) mostly associated with favourable outcomes. p16 immunohistochemistry ...is a surrogate marker for HPV positivity in OPSCC. The prognostic strength of p16 over traditional prognostic factors is not fully characterised. In this study, we evaluated the clinical and demographic differences between p16-positive and -negative OPSCC and characterised its prognostic strength versus traditional prognostic factors. Materials and methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks and clinical information from 217 OPSCC patients, treated with radiotherapy (alone or in combination with other therapies) between 2000 and 2010 were collected retrospectively. Immunohistochemistry for p16 protein was carried out; cancer-specific survival (CSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and locoregional control (LRC) were calculated for both univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Ninety-two per cent of the OPSCC originated from tonsil and tongue base sites, 61% were p16 positive. Patients with p16-positive OPSCC were younger ( P < 0.0001), with lower alcohol ( P = 0.0002) and tobacco ( P = 0.0001) exposure. The tumours were less differentiated ( P = 0.0069), had a lower T stage ( P = 0.0027), higher nodal status ( P = 0.014) and higher American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) prognostic group ( P = 0.0036). AJCC prognostic group was significant for RFS ( P = 0.0096) and CSS ( P = 0.018) in patients with p16-negative OPSCC, but not those with p16-positive tumours ( P = 0.30 and 0.54). Other significant factors for CSS and RFS in univariate analysis were: pretreatment haemoglobin ( P < 0.0001 and <0.0001), chemoradiotherapy ( P = 0.005 and 0.03) and P16 status ( P < 0.0001 and 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, p16 positivity was the strongest independent prognostic variable for both CSS, RFS and LRC ( P < 0.0001, hazard ratio 4.15; 95% confidence interval 2.43–7.08), ( P < 0.0001, hazard ratio 6.15; 95% confidence interval 3.57–10.61) and ( P = 0.001, hazard ratio 3.74; confidence interval 1.76–7.95). Conclusion This study shows that p16 is the single most important prognostic variable in OPSCC, surpassing traditional prognostic factors for both CSS and RFS. Furthermore, disease stage has no prognostic significance in p16-positive patients, highlighting the need for routine p16 assessment in OPSCC.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper examines and compares definitions of advertising creativity held by samples of New York agency practitioners and members of the television-viewing public. Specifically, the research ...investigates (1) definitions of creativity, and (2) evaluations of advertising from a creative perspective. Significant disagreement between the two sets of subjects was found. Explanations and insights are offered and implications are discussed.
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BFBNIB, CEKLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Identifying factors that influence customers' e-loyalty is paramount for practitioners and academics to develop successful marketing strategies and behavioral models. Online bookselling is a rapid ...growing industry in the UK, where e-loyalty models have yet to reach a conclusive argument. This paper aims to explore factors influencing customers' e-loyalty to five online bookselling websites in the UK by testing a theoretical model, based on expectation-confirmation theory. A quantitative approach was employed using questionnaires; the sample consisted of 290 respondents (50% males, age range: 18 to over 54). The questionnaire was pretested and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to assess the measurement model. Structural equation modeling and MANOVA were employed to examine the association between latent constructs. Eleven hypotheses were formulated examining different independent variables in the theoretical model; results showed a significant direct and positive association between satisfaction and e-loyalty. Web design affected e-loyalty significantly on all bookselling websites, perceived value was a significant predictor of satisfaction while price notably influenced e-trust development. E-trust was not associated with e-loyalty. This study introduces new variables that affect e-loyalty as well as illuminates new associations between existing factors - perceived value, price, and trust are new aspects which practitioners and academics should take into account for marketing strategies and behavioral models, respectively. Hence, managers will likely increase customer satisfaction and loyalty by improving web design and balancing quality with price, predisposing positively customer's attitudes towards the website. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Photonic bandgap structures use the principle of interference to reflect radiation. Reflection from photonic bandgap structures has been demonstrated in one, two and three dimensions and various ...applications have been proposed. Early work in hollow-core photonic bandgap fibre technology used a hexagonal structure surrounding the air core; this fibre was the first demonstration of light guided inside an air core of a photonic bandgap fibre. The potential benefits of guiding light in air derive from lower Rayleigh scattering, lower nonlinearity and lower transmission loss compared to conventional waveguides. In addition, these fibres offer a new platform for studying nonlinear optics in gases. Owing largely to challenges in fabrication, the early air-core fibres were only available in short lengths, and so systematic studies of loss were not possible. More recently, longer lengths of fibre have become available with reported losses of 1,000 dB km-1. We report here the fabrication and characterization of long lengths of low attenuation photonic bandgap fibre. Attenuation of less than 30 dB km-1 over a wide transmission window is observed with minimum loss of 13 dB km-1 at 1,500 nm, measured on 100 m of fibre. Coupling between surface and core modes of the structure is identified as an important contributor to transmission loss in hollow-core photonic bandgap fibres.
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DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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