We report on the discovery of WASP-12b, a new transiting extrasolar planet with R pl = 1.79+0.09 -0.09 RJ and M pl = 1.41+0.10 -0.10 M J. The planet and host star properties were derived from a Monte ...Carlo Markov Chain analysis of the transit photometry and radial velocity data. Furthermore, by comparing the stellar spectrum with theoretical spectra and stellar evolution models, we determined that the host star is a supersolar metallicity (M/H = 0.3+0.05 -0.15), late-F (T eff = 6300+200 -100 K) star which is evolving off the zero-age main sequence. The planet has an equilibrium temperature of T eq = 2516 K caused by its very short period orbit (P = 1.09 days) around the hot, twelfth magnitude host star. WASP-12b has the largest radius of any transiting planet yet detected. It is also the most heavily irradiated and the shortest period planet in the literature.
To examine age-dependent in-hospital mortality for hospitalization with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in England and Wales.
Mixed-effects regression analysis using data from 616 011 ACS events at ...255 hospitals as recorded in the Myocardial Ischemia National Audit Project (MINAP) 2003-2010; 102 415 (16.7%) patients were aged <55 years and 72 721 (11.9%) ≥85 years. Patients ≥85 years with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were less likely to receive emergency reperfusion therapy than those <55 years (RR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.25-0.28). Older patients had greater lengths of stay (P< 0.001) and higher in-hospital mortality (P< 0.001). For STEMI and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), there were reductions in in-hospital mortality from 2003 to 2010 across all age groups including the very elderly. For STEMI ≥ 85 years, in-hospital mortality reduced from 30.1% in 2003 to 19.4% in 2010 (RR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.38-0.75, P< 0.001), and for NSTEMI ≥ 85 years, from 31.5% in 2003 to 20.4% in 2010 (RR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.42-0.73, P< 0.001). Findings were upheld after multi-level adjustment (base = 2003): male STEMI 2010 OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.48-0.75; female STEMI 2010 OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.42-0.71; male NSTEMI OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.42-0.60; female NSTEMI OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.40-0.59.
For patients hospitalized with ACS in England and Wales, there have been substantial reductions in in-hospital mortality rates from 2003 to 2010 across all age groups. The temporal improvements in mortality were similar for sex and type of acute myocardial infarction. Age-dependent inequalities in the management of ACS were apparent.
To report the extent and components of global efforts in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in hospitals.
An Internet-based survey comprising 43 questions was disseminated worldwide in 2012.
Responses ...were received from 660 hospitals in 67 countries: Africa, 44; Asia, 50; Europe, 361; North America, 72; Oceania, 30; and South and Central America, 103. National AMS standards existed in 52% of countries, 4% were planning them and 58% had an AMS programme. The main barriers to implementing AMS programmes were perceived to be a lack of funding or personnel, a lack of information technology and prescriber opposition. In hospitals with an existing AMS programme, AMS rounds existed in 64%; 81% restricted antimicrobials (carbapenems, 74.3%; quinolones, 64%; and cephalosporins, 58%); and 85% reported antimicrobial usage, with 55% linking data to resistance rates and 49% linking data to infection rates. Only 20% had electronic prescribing for all patients. A total of 89% of programmes educated their medical, nursing and pharmacy staff on AMS. Of the hospitals, 38% had formally reviewed their AMS programme: reductions were reported by 96% of hospitals for inappropriate prescribing, 86% for broad-spectrum antibiotic use, 80% for expenditure, 71% for healthcare-acquired infections, 65% for length of stay or mortality and 58% for bacterial resistance.
The worldwide development and implementation of AMS programmes varies considerably. Our results should inform and encourage the further evaluation of this with a view to promoting a worldwide stewardship framework. The prospective measurement of well-defined outcomes of the impact of these programmes remains a significant challenge.
Yttria-stabilized zirconia, YSZ, is the oxide ion conducting electrolyte of choice in many solid oxide fuel cells, because of its resistance to reduction at the fuel electrode. Here, we demonstrate ...that electronic conduction is introduced into YSZ under the action of a small dc bias at high temperatures in air. A reversible decrease in sample grain and grain boundary resistances occurs with increasing bias in the range 1–15 V and the Warburg impedance at the sample–electrode–air interface collapses. Similar conductivity changes are seen with acceptor-doped dielectrics and are attributed to the ionization of underbonded oxide ions in the crystal structure, with O– ions acting as the location of the holes and the source of p-type conduction; the ionized electrons are trapped by changes to the equilibria among oxygen species at the sample surface. A similar mechanism may explain the onset of electronic conductivity in YSZ.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
It is very difficult to gain a better understanding of the events in human pregnancy that occur during and just after implantation because such pregnancies are not yet clinically detectable. Animal ...models of human placentation are inadequate. In vitro models that utilize immortalized cell lines and cells derived from trophoblast cancers have multiple limitations. Primary cell and tissue cultures often have limited lifespans and cannot be obtained from the peri-implantation period. We present here two contemporary models of human peri-implantation placental development: extended blastocyst culture and stem-cell derived trophoblast culture. We discuss current research efforts that employ these models and how such models might be used in the future to study the “black box” stage of human pregnancy. Summary sentence Human extended embryo culture and stem-cell-derived trophoblast cells offer new insight into peri-implantation stage placental development. Graphical Abstract
Flexible loads such as residential air-conditioners (ACs) can be directly controlled to provide demand-side regulation and balance services in electricity grids. Large aggregations of ACs offer a ...resource akin to that of a distributed energy storage system, which may be used to compensate fluctuations in the power output of local renewable energy generation. This paper formulates distributed and centralized model predictive control (MPC) strategies to balance fluctuations in solar power generation by directly controlling the aggregate demand of clusters of distributed residential ACs. The proposed receding-horizon control strategies rely on a new second-order linear time-varying model for the aggregate demand response of a population of heterogeneous ACs to changes in thermostat setpoints under varying ambient temperature. The performance of the proposed MPC strategies is analyzed in a numerical simulation study implementing AC demand tracking of 1-min fluctuations in actual photovoltaic capacity based on persistence and sky imager short-term solar forecasts. The results show that distributed and centralized MPC strategies achieve comparable performance, with better performance of persistence forecasts in a shorter prediction horizon, and better performance with sky imager forecasts on a longer prediction horizon.
The radiant energy budget and internal heat are fundamental properties of giant planets, but precise determination of these properties remains a challenge. Here, we report measurements of Jupiter's ...radiant energy budget and internal heat based on Cassini multi-instrument observations. Our findings reveal that Jupiter's Bond albedo and internal heat, 0.503 ± 0.012 and 7.485 ± 0.160 W m
respectively, are significantly larger than 0.343 ± 0.032 and 5.444 ± 0.425 Wm
, the previous best estimates. The new results help constrain and improve the current evolutionary theories and models for Jupiter. Furthermore, the significant wavelength dependency of Jupiter's albedo implies that the radiant energy budgets and internal heat of the other giant planets in our solar system should be re-examined. Finally, the data sets of Jupiter's characteristics of reflective solar spectral irradiance provide an observational basis for the models of giant exoplanets.
Abstract
We present seven new transiting hot Jupiters from the WASP-South survey. The planets are all typical hot Jupiters orbiting stars from F4 to K0 with magnitudes of V = 10.3-12.5. The orbital ...periods are all in the range of 3.9-4.6 d, the planetary masses range from 0.4 to 2.3 M
Jup and the radii from 1.1 to 1.4 R
Jup. In line with known hot Jupiters, the planetary densities range from Jupiter-like to inflated (ρ = 0.13-1.07ρJup). We use the increasing numbers of known hot Jupiters to investigate the distribution of their orbital periods and the 3-4 d 'pile-up'.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The first WASP public data release Butters, O. W.; West, R. G.; Anderson, D. R. ...
Astronomy & astrophysics,
09/2010, Volume:
520
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The WASP (wide angle search for planets) project is an exoplanet transit survey that has been automatically taking wide field images since 2004. Two instruments, one in La Palma and the other in ...South Africa, continually monitor the night sky, building up light curves of millions of unique objects. These light curves are used to search for the characteristics of exoplanetary transits. This first public data release (DR1) of the WASP archive makes available all the light curve data and images from 2004 up to 2008 in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. A web interface () to the data allows easy access over the Internet. The data set contains 3 631 972 raw images and 17 970 937 light curves. In total the light curves have 119 930 299 362 data points available between them.
Full text
Available for:
FMFMET, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
We present the results of photometric surveys for stellar rotation in the Hyades and in Praesepe, using data obtained as part of the SuperWASP exoplanetary transit-search programme. We determined ...accurate rotation periods for more than 120 sources whose cluster membership was confirmed by common proper motion and colour-magnitude fits to the clusters' isochrones. This allowed us to determine the effect of magnetic braking on a wide range of spectral types for expected ages of ∼600 Myr for the Hyades and Praesepe. Both clusters show a tight and nearly linear relation between J−K
s colour and rotation period in the F, G and K spectral range. This confirms that loss of angular momentum was significant enough that stars with strongly different initial rotation rates have converged to the same rotation period for a given mass, by the ages of Hyades and Praesepe. In the case of the Hyades, our colour-period sequence extends well into the M dwarf regime and shows a steep increase in the scatter of the colour-period relation, with identification of numerous rapid rotators from ∼0.5 M⊙ down to the lowest masses probed by our survey (∼0.25 M⊙). This provides crucial constraints on the rotational braking time-scales and further clears the way to use gyrochronology as an accurate age measurement tool for main-sequence stars.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
