Abstract
This report presents a concept of constructing a detector
dedicated for detection of muons observed during measurements
carried out at the MPD (Multi-Purpose Detector) detector that is
...currently under construction at the NICA facility, Russia, Dubna. It
has been proposed to design and build an additional detector that
will complement the current MPD set and increase its measurement
capabilities. The main goal of this project is to provide
information from cosmic muons that pass the MPD detector in both
in-beam and off-beam experiments. Hence, the detector is called the
MPD COsmic Ray Detector (MCORD).The conceptual design of MCORD is
proposed by a Polish consortium NICA-PL comprising several Polish
scientific institutions.
The data from cosmic ray muons could be used as a trigger for
calibration of other detection systems comprising the MPD
detector. Large surface covered by the MCORD offers also possibility
for efficient registration of muons generated in expanding
atmospheric showers induced by distant sources. Moreover, beyond
some energy threshold, observation of muons originating from decays
of collision products will also be possible. In this report examples
of the MCORD functionality as a part of the MPD detector are
presented.
The MCORD is designed as a universal, fast triggering system built
as a modular reconfigurable construction. The detection system will
be based on plastic scintillators equipped with wavelength shifting
fibers, and silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) will be used for
scintillation readout. The online analysis of received signals will
be performed using digital FPGA modules. Due to the modular design,
the same system (its small part) can be used for both laboratory
testing of other MPD sub-detectors, and the calibration of these
detectors after placing them inside the MPD in off-beam mode. The
full detector will support these systems as an additional trigger,
calibrator, and muon identifier during the normal operation of the
MPD detector with the beam. Thanks to its unique construction, it
will expand the possibilities of collecting scientific data of the
MPD detector with astrophysical observations.
The publication will show the assumptions of the mechanical
structure and electronic systems of the planned detector. The
installation site of the detector as part of the MPD detector will
be described in detail. In the following, the results of simulations
made in preparation for this project will be presented. In
particular, simulations with the CORSIKA code present angular
distributions of particles in cosmic showers in the Dubna city
region. Since muons dominate the cosmic ray showers, the MPD
detector response to expected cosmic muon flux was also
simulated. The results provide information about the muon cut-off
thresholds depending on the MPD detector composition during the
installation campaign. Simulations of muon events that could be used
for MPD subsystems calibration were also performed. The results
shown for various configuration of MCORD detector modules will
enable the estimation of the time necessary to perform such tests in
the future.
Simulations with UrQMD model shows the muon abundances due to
beam-beam collisions. Approximately 90% of muons are created from
pions, whereas the number of muons that reach the MCORD detector is
10 times greater than the number of pions. The MPD detector response
was also simulated under the influence of a stream of various
particles, especially muons. It shows energy dependence of muon
transmission coefficient for MPD with and without ECal
assembled. Assuming requirement for muon transmission above 95%,
the muon cut-off thresholds are 1.6 GeV and 2.0 GeV, respectively.
MCORD detector performance evaluation is also reported. In the case
when we used scintillators with one fiber with a diameter of 1 mm,
the time resolution of about 1.0 ns was recorded, which corresponds
to the positional accuracy (σ
x
) of 7.1 cm. The results of
laboratory tests show that application of a 2 mm diameter WLS fiber
instead of the previously used 1 mm diameter fiber improves the
time resolution to 0.80 ns.
MCORD - MPD Cosmic Ray Detector a new features Bielewicz, M.; Milewicz-Zalewska, M.; Grodzicka-Kobylka, M. ...
EPJ Web of Conferences,
2019, Volume:
204
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Peer reviewed
Open access
The main detector system at the Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) located in Dubna, Russia is the Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD). For better calibration reason, the MPD needs an additional ...trigger system for an off-beam calibration of MPD sub-detectors and for rejection (veto) of cosmic muons. The system should also be useful for practical astrophysics observations of cosmic showers. The consortium NICA-PL group defines goals and basic assumptions for the MPD Cosmic Ray Detector (MCORD). This article describes the conceptual design and simulation plans of the MCORD detector based on plastic scintillators with SiPM photodetectors and electronic digital system based on the MicroTCA crate.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The amount of data coming from modern acquisition systems, especially working in extreme experimental conditions, is significantly rising over the years. Combined with complex algorithms, the ...computation time and power consumption are considerably increasing. The issue usually occurs in many world laboratories, such as CERN, Brookhaven National Laboratory, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, and tokamak devices (JET, WEST, MAST, and more). Often well verified, but legacy codes are used as a main computational engine, resulting in weak performance unsuitable for current needs. The paper presents a methodology to appropriately adapt the legacy C/C++ high-energy physics (HEP) algorithms for computation acceleration using FPGAs, which may improve the designing of real-time systems based on verified codes. The main idea is to separate the HLS-FPGA code work areas between groups of experts: physicists and electronics. The methodology consists of several parts: interfacing, storage, verification methods, defining the algorithm and data structures, program refactoring in the scope of CPU and FPGA, performance and results analysis, FPGA verification methods, FPGA performance estimation, and automatization of the process. The methodology has been successfully tested by implementing a legacy, complex HEP algorithm for femtoscopy correlations in the HLS framework for FPGA. It works with extensive input data from international experiments, like STAR at RHIC. The implementation and verification were done successfully on the FPGA hardware platform. Following the methodology results in a clearer to analyze and debug HEP code than a machine-generated version by tools. We also confirmed that it is possible to make a working, HLS-compliant program designed by non-FPGA experts. Using the modern implementation tools, FPGA resource usage is low despite unoptimized syntax. It gives a large field for further significant optimizations and good performance. The proposed approach should be interesting to introduce in devices like tokamaks, synchrotrons, and similar, where the real-time monitoring of the experimental processes is essential.
•Methodology for complex algorithm conversion from legacy code to hardware accelerated in FPGA in high level synthesis (HLS) languages.•Guidelines to achieve the performance improvement of legacy (C, Fortran etc.) high energy physics algorithms.•Discussion about the pros and cons of using the high-level synthesis (HLS) languages for acceleration.•Preliminary in-hardware FPGA laboratory tests of the presented approach based on Monte-Carlo HEP algorithm for heavy-ion collisions.•Use for high energy physics experiments, however not limited to.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Correlation femtoscopy allows one to measure the space-time characteristics of particle production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions due to the effects of quantum statistics (QS) and final state ...interactions (FSI). The main features of the femtoscopy measurements at top RHIC and LHC energies are considered as a manifestation of strong collective flow and are well interpreted within hydrodynamic models employing equation of state (EoS) with a crossover type transition between Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) and hadron gas phases. The femtoscopy at lower energies was intensively studied at AGS and SPS accelerators and is being studied now in the Beam Energy Scan program (BES) at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider in the context of exploration of the QCD phase diagram. In this article we present femtoscopic observables calculated for Au-Au collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7 - 62.4\) GeV in a viscous hydro + cascade model vHLLE+UrQMD and their dependence on the EoS of thermalized matter.
PDF
