Although there has been a remarkable decline in the proportion of malnourished children in Latin America, micronutrient deficiencies, especially iron deficiency anemia, remain significant public ...health problems. A substantial reduction in the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is an important goal for the end of the decade. Interest in fortifying wheat flour and dry-milled maize flour is thus growing, and significant experience in the fortification of flours with iron and the B vitamins, including folate, is emerging. It is necessary to ensure that fortification levels and standards, legislation, and quality assurance and control measures are in place nationally and harmonized regionally.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This study examines the testable question of whether junk news in the service of propaganda can form coherent narrative structure that can be analyzed and countered. The analysis was conducted using ...a known junk news site, USA Really, which is sponsored by the Russian Government, and which targets American citizens. Leveraging the Narrative Paradigm theory and ethnographic content analysis are the methods of research; an analysis of (N =150) were qualitatively analyzed. An unexpected finding that USA Really was constructing a conspiracy narrative targeting far right-wing extremists emerged. The study also identified a new type of narrative, not accounted for in narrative paradigm theory, that was meant to cause dissension rather than to serve as a guide for proper conduct.
This article examines a known Russian propaganda website, News Room for American and European Based Citizens (NAEBC), run by the Internet Research Agency (IRA), that delivers propaganda through junk ...news. Using agenda-building theory, it seeks to determine if it can uncover the propagandists’ goals and motivations in order to examine its implications for information warfare. It finds that the IRA is using its extensive resources to agitate right-wing political extremists into violence. This calls into question whether the provocation of a civil war within the United States is a strategic information warfare goal of the Russian government.
A method of radioiodinating monoclonal antibodies such that the labeled antibodies do not undergo in vivo deiodination has been studied. The method utilizes conjugation of succinimidyl ...para-iodobenzoate to the antibody. The iodobenzoate was radiolabeled by using an organometallic intermediate to facilitate the reaction. Thus, succinimidyl para-tri-n-butylstannylbenzoate was radiolabeled in 60-90% radiochemical yield and subsequently conjugated to the antibody in 80-90% yield. Animal biodistribution studies were carried out with two separate anti-melanoma antibodies (9.2.27 and NR-M1-05) labeled by this method, and examined in nude mice bearing human melanoma tumor xenografts. Very large differences in the localization of radioactivity were observed in the thyroids and stomachs of mice when the iodobenzoyl-labeled antibodies were compared with the same antibodies labeled using the chloramine-T method of radioiodination. Few other significant differences in the tissue distribution of the radioiodinated antibodies were seen.
Repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in cultured neonatal human fibroblasts and in Mus spretus x M. castaneus F1 neonatal skin fibroblasts was analyzed after UVC-irradiation by cleavage ...with T4 endonuclease V cyclopyrimidine dimer glycosylase, alkaline-agarose gel electrophoresis, and Southern blotting. The blots were sequentially probed with 32P-labeled Alu, or B2, to preferentially illuminate R-band DNA, by L1 to preferentially illuminate G-band DNA, and by satellite DNA to illuminate C-band DNA. These three different DNA populations showed slightly different global nucleotide excision repair rates that are in the order of speed, R-band DNA > G-band DNA > C-band DNA. Fibroblasts from out-bred neonatal mice and humans showed similar band-specific repair rate ratios and the global repair rate of murine fibroblasts was almost as rapid as that of the human fibroblasts. The mass distribution of the human Alu-probed signal was further analyzed. Gel mobility data was fitted to a logistic equation to include all M(r) values. Hypothetical distributions of DNA randomly cleaved to a particular number-average molecular weight were fit to the logistic gel mobility function to determine how such a randomly cleaved distribution of a particular cleavage frequency would be displayed along the experimental gel. This revealed a rapidly repaired kinetic fraction that represented 17% of the Alu-probed signal (R-band DNA), almost none of the L1 probed signal (G-band DNA), and reflects transcription coupled repair of active genes. The remaining Alu-probed DNA showed a random distribution of UVC-induced CPDs throughout all stages of global nucleotide excision repair. The Alu-probed CPDs disappeared with an excellent fit to first order kinetics and with a half-life of seven hours.
The ability to generate tandem repeats of a DNA sequence has proven important for a large variety of studies of DNA structure and function. The most commonly used method to produce tandem repeats ...involves cloning of an oligomerized monomer sequence that contains asymmetric overlapping ends, but, in practice, this approach is inefficient because of the circularization of oligomers before they ligate into vector. Described here is a method that circumvents this problem by the use of two separate oligomerization reactions, each containing an initiator fragment onto which monomer polymerizes without circularization. Subsequent mixing of the two reactions permits circularization, generating a viable plasmid containing the sum of the added repeats from each reaction. A variation of this method is also demonstrated that permits the synthesis of constructs with a defined number of repeats.
Propaganda or Not Wilbur, DS
Journal of information warfare,
07/2021, Volume:
20, Issue:
3
Journal Article
This paper scientifically examines the claims of an extensive Russian propaganda targeting the population of the United States made by an organization called Prop or Not. Using the Agenda Setting ...Theory, it examined the intermedia agenda setting effects between the Russian State Media outlet Sputnik and four weblogs listed by Prop or Not. The results of the study found a strong positive correlation between Sputnik and Zero Hedge, New Cold War, Global Research, and the Daily Sheeple in terms of very favorable coverage of Russia and its allies. A positive but weaker correlation was found between these media sources and their coverage of the United States and its allies. In conclusion, this study lends credence to the claims made by Prop or Not and sets a precedent for further investigation of its claims.
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