To determine the cost of using systemic therapy to treat newly diagnosed cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in persons with AIDS.
Incidence-based simulation model of CMV treatment from a government ...payer perspective.
Swiss healthcare system.
Patients with AIDS and newly diagnosed CMV retinitis.
Patients were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment regimens for induction and maintenance therapy: (i) intravenous (IV) cidofovir induction and maintenance (cidofovir IV/IV); (ii) IV foscarnet induction and maintenance (foscarnet IV/IV); (iii) IV ganciclovir induction and maintenance (ganciclovir IV/IV); and (iv) IV ganciclovir induction and oral (PO) ganciclovir maintenance (ganciclovir IV/PO). Following a second relapse, patients were assigned to one of the other regimens.
Time to first and subsequent progression, duration of maintenance treatment and direct medical expenditures 1998 Swiss francs (SwF) .
The median time to first progression was longest for cidofovir IV/IV, followed by foscarnet IV/IV, ganciclovir IV/IV and ganciclovir IV/PO. Mean survival was 13 months and mean costs for this period in the base case were lowest in those initially treated with cidofovir (SwF146,742), followed by initial treatment with foscarnet IV/IV (SwF194,809), ganciclovir IV/PO (SwF195,190) and ganciclovir IV/IV (SwF243,964). Costs were most sensitive to changes in efficacy estimates.
Of the regimens studied, initiation of treatment with systemic cidofovir appears least costly over a 13-month period.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
302.
Chemical partitioning technologies for an ATW system Laidler, James J.; Burris, Leslie; Collins, Emory D. ...
Progress in nuclear energy (New series),
2001, 2001-1-00, 20010101, Volume:
38, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
A roadmap for the development of the technology of an Accelerator Transmutation of Waste (ATW) system was recently submitted to the U.S. Congress by the U.S. Department of Energy. One element of this ...roadmap was a development plan for the separations technologies that would be required to support an ATW system operating with a sustained feed of 1,450 tonnes of commercial light water reactor spent fuel per year. A Technical Working Group was constituted to identify appropriate separations processes and prepare a plan for their development. The baseline process selected combines aqueous and pyrochemical processes to enable efficient separation of uranium, technetium, iodine, and the transuranic elements from LWR spent fuel in the head-end step. For the recycle of unburned transuranics and newly-generated technetium and iodine from irradiated ATW transmuter assemblies, which were given to be metallic in form, a second and quite different pyrochemical process was identified. The diversity of processing methods was chosen for both technical and economic factors; aqueous methods are deemed to be better suited to large tonnages of commercial oxide spent fuel, while it is considered that pyrochemical processes can be exploited effectively in smaller-scale operations, particularly when the application is to metallic fuels or targets. A six-year technology evaluation and development program is foreseen, by the end of which an informed decision can be made on proceeding with demonstration of the ATW system.
Full text
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
...moving the animal would have been in violation of our permits, which only allowed us to restrain the turtle for a maximum of 20 min - the time required to exhaustively collect epibionts from a ...nesting sea turtle. ...we decided to remove it in situ. Instead of passing out of the mouth, the fork was consequently passed into the internal nares, which are found on the roof of the mouth (Fig. 3, from Wyneken 2001). ...the width of the fork's head stopped the fork from being passing completely out of the nasal passage.
We have studied a large Mennonite kindred in which 20 members were affected with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), 5 of whom had one or more manifestations of Waardenburg syndrome (WS) type II (WS2). ...Eleven additional relatives had signs of WS2 without HSCR. Since HSCR and WS2 each represent perturbations of neural crest migration/differentiation, this large pedigree with apparent cosegregation of HSCR and WS2 offered an opportunity to search for linkage between these loci, candidate genes, and random DNA markers, particularly in view of recent discoveries of genes for Waardenburg syndrome type I (WS1) and Hirschsprung disease (c-ret). We have examined the following possible linked markers in 69 relatives in this family: the c-ret gene (HSCR); the human PAX3 gene (HuP2) on chromosome 2q (WS1) and placental alkaline phosphatase (ALPP) on chromosome 2q (linked to WS1); argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) on chromosome 9q, close to ABO blood groups which have shown weak linkage to WS; and the beta 1 GABA receptor gene (GABARB1) on chromosome 4q13-11, close to c-kit, deletions of which cause piebaldism. Linkage between any of these loci and HSCR/WS in this kindred was excluded, demonstrating that there is at least one further locus for HSCR other than c-ret.
