The main aim of this paper was to show the variety of capsaicin's properties. Capsaicin is an active component of plants of the Capsicum genus, and is known for its pungency. Capsaicin is used in the ...food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Additional properties of capsaicin have been demonstrated, including pain relief, weight loss, body thermoregulation, and antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Studies of capsaicin's effects on the human and animal organism need to be continued, with special emphasis on new applications.
•Capsaicin is an organic compound with a group of alkaloids available in large amounts in fruits of various pepper variants.•Capsaicin impacts thermoregulation and adipose tissue metabolism and is characterised by antioxidative, hypotensive and anticancer effects.•Preliminary clinical observations indicate that capsaicin exhibits favourable effects on different tumours in dogs
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Diabetes mellitus (DM) often leads to dangerous thromboembolic complications in humans. DM is also a relatively common endocrinopathy of dogs. There is scarce information regarding procoagulant and ...anticoagulant plasma indicators in this disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of the selected plasma haemostatic parameters in dogs suffering from diabetes. The study group consisted of 20 dogs meeting all the inclusion criteria, with fasting glycaemia exceeding 11.1 mmol/l. The control group consisted of 15 healthy dogs presented for routine examination. An evaluation of the prothrombin time (PT); and fibrinogen, D-dimer and antithrombin III (ATIII) levels was performed.
Except for ATIII activity, the haemostatic parameter differences were not statistically significant. High values of ATIII activity were observed in 90% of diabetic dogs. On average, the values amounted to 166.6% and were 31.4% higher than those in the control group. The ATIII activity in the diabetic group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p = 0.0004).
Here, we report elevated levels of ATIII in diabetic dogs. This finding may suggest the protective role of ATIII against potential thrombotic events. However, the exact role of ATIII in dog diabetes remains unclear.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Canine osteosarcoma (OSA) is an aggressive bone neoplasia with high metastatic potential. Metastasis is the main cause of death associated with OSA, and there is no current treatment available for ...metastatic disease. Proteomic analyses, including matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF/TOF MS), are widely used to select molecular targets and identify proteins that may play a key role in primary tumours and at various steps of the metastatic cascade. The main aim of this study was to identify proteins differently expressed in canine OSA cell lines with different malignancy phenotypes (OSCA-8 and OSCA-32) compared to canine osteoblasts (CnOb). The intermediate aim of the study was to compare canine OSA cell migration capacity and assess its correlation with the malignancy phenotypes of each cell line. Using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analyses, we identified eight proteins that were significantly differentially expressed (
≤ 0.05) in canine OSA cell lines compared to CnOb: cilia- and flagella-associated protein 298 (CFAP298), general transcription factor II-I (GTF2I), mirror-image polydactyly gene 1 protein (MIPOL1), alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M), phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1), ubiquitin (UB2L6), ectodysplasin-A receptor-associated adapter protein (EDARADD), and leucine-rich-repeat-containing protein 72 (LRRC72). Using the Simple Western technique, we confirmed high A2M expression in CnOb compared to OSCA-8 and OSCA-32 cell lines (with intermediate and low A2M expression, respectively). Then, we confirmed the role of A2M in cancer cell migration by demonstrating significantly inhibited OSA cell migration by treatment with A2M (both at 10 and 30 mM concentrations after 12 and 24 h) in a wound-healing assay. This study may be the first report indicating A2M's role in OSA cell metastasis; however, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to confirm its possible role as an anti-metastatic agent in this malignancy.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in human and animal patients. Early detection and treatment of the disease are important and can be facilitated by proteomic approaches ...providing biomarkers.
Tear films were collected on Schirmer strips from 32 canine patients (12 diabetic dogs without changes in the retina, 8 diabetic dogs with signs of DR, and 12 control dogs). Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to separate tear film proteins prior to their identification with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry and interrogation of protein function databases to find matches.
Five significantly differentially expressed proteins were identified; of those, one was downregulated (2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 3) and four were upregulated in the tear film of two diabetic groups (Ras-related protein RAB-13; aldo-keto-reductase family 1 member C3; 28S ribosomal protein S31, mitochondrial; and 60S ribosomal protein L5). The differentially expressed proteins identified in the tear film were involved in signalling pathways associated with impaired protein clearance, persistent inflammation and oxidative stress.
The results of our study confirm that the pathological process in the retina in the course of diabetes mellitus causes changes in the tear film proteome.
Canine babesiosis is a disease caused by infection with parasites of the genus
. These protozoa are classified as either large (e.g.,
) or small (e.g.,
). So far, only three small
species of clinical ...importance, able to infect dogs, have been described:
,
, and
. This review presents the current epidemiological situation of
infections in dogs in Europe. In most European countries where
has been reported, the percentage of infected dogs is around 1%. The higher prevalence of the
infection among American Pit Bull Terriers suggests breed susceptibility. An analysis of the available data makes it possible to conclude that
infections may appear in the future in other non-endemic regions of Europe, which may pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for veterinary practitioners.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Wild ungulates may serve as reservoirs for particular tick-borne pathogens (TBP) of importance for public and animal health. The aim of the study was to investigate, for the first time, the ...occurrence of
(AP) in a large population of roe deer in eastern Poland. Spleen samples from 424 roe deer (
) were collected during the 2018-2019 hunting season. Genetic screening for AP was carried out by PCR amplification of a fragment of the 16S rRNA and groEL genes. Twenty-six of the 424 spleen samples (6.13%) tested positive both for 16S rRNA and groEL. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the existence of a specific roe deer ecotype of AP in eastern Poland. Despite the low prevalence of AP in roe deer populations in the study area, these animals may act as anaplasmosis reservoirs for ticks. Based on the zoonotic potential of granulocytic anaplasmosis, it seems advisable to introduce continuous monitoring of this infection among domestic, farm and wild animals.
The application of CLSI and EUCAST guidelines led to many discrepancies. Various doubts have already appeared in preliminary stages of microbiological diagnostics of Haemophilus spp. A total of 87 H. ...parainfluenzae isolates were obtained from throat or nasopharyngeal swabs from adults 18 to 70 years old, both healthy volunteers and patients with chronic diseases between 2013 to 2015 in eastern Poland. Haemophilus spp. were identified by colony morphology, Gram-staining, API NH and MALDI-TOF MS technique. Both susceptibility to various antimicrobials and phenotypes of Haemophilus spp. resistance to beta-lactams were determined. Statistically significant association between applied guidelines and drug resistance patterns were observed to as follows: ampicillin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, azithromycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Resistance phenotypes according to CLSI vs. EUCAST were as follows: 3.4% vs. 8.0% for BLNAR and 6.9% vs. 19.5% for BLPACR isolates. In conclusion, this is the first study that reports comparative analysis of drug susceptibility interpretation using CLSI and EUCAST of haemophili rods from human respiratory microbiota in Poland. In case of susceptible, increased exposure (formerly intermediate) category of susceptibility within H. parainfluenzae isolates we have observed EUCAST as more restrictive than CLSI. Moreover, BLNAI and BLPAI phenotype isolates have been observed, as well as BLPBR using only CLSI or EUCAST guidelines, respectively.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Macular edema and its further complications due to the leakage from the choroidal neovascularization in course of the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness among ...elderly individuals in developed countries. Changes in tear film proteomic composition have been reported to occur in various ophthalmic and systemic diseases. There is an evidence that the acute form of neovascular AMD may be reflected in the tear film composition. Tear film was collected with Schirmer strips from patients with neovascular AMD and sex- and age-matched control patients. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed followed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for identification of differentially expressed proteins. Quantitative analysis of the differential electrophoretic spots was performed with Delta2D software. Altogether, 11 significantly differentially expressed proteins were identified; of those, 8 were downregulated, and 3 were upregulated in the tear film of neovascular AMD patients. The differentially expressed proteins identified in tear film were involved in signaling pathways associated with impaired protein clearance, persistent inflammation, and neovascularization. Tear film protein analysis is a novel way to screen AMD-related biomarkers.
Abstract Introduction The main adaptive immune cells are T and B lymphocytes and they play key roles in the induction of immune responses against canine mammary tumours. Investigating these cell ...subpopulations may lead to more precise diagnosis of these malignancies. Material and Methods The percentages of CD3 + , CD4 + and CD8 + T cells and of CD21 + B cells in the peripheral blood of bitches with malignant mammary tumours were compared with those in the blood of healthy animals. The phenotypic features of peripheral blood leukocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results There was a significant difference in the mean percentages of CD3 + lymphocytes between healthy (66.7%) and metastatic dogs (46.1%), and between tumour-bearing non-metastatic (66.6%) and metastatic dogs. There was also a significant difference in CD4 + T helper cell percentages between healthy dogs (40.4%) and dogs with metastases (23.2%), and between the latter and dogs without them (35.5%). In the case of CD21 + lymphocyte subsets, a significant difference was noted between healthy animals (10.9%) and those with metastases (20.1%), and between the latter and patients without metastases (8.5%). There were also significant differences in CD3 + /CD21 + ratios between the group with metastases (3.0), the healthy group (7.8), and the group without metastases (8.5). Similarly, a significant difference was noted in CD4 + /CD8 + ratios between animals with metastases (1.4), bitches in the control group (2.2), and dogs without metastases (1.9). Conclusion Peripheral blood leukocyte phenotypic characteristics are putative novel biomarkers. These findings may be useful in future studies improving mammary tumour diagnostic procedures, especially in metastasis detection.
Dobermann dogs are reportedly predisposed to familial glomerulonephropathy. Proteinuria is a hallmark of canine familial glomerular diseases. The identification of glomerular abnormalities in breeds ...so predisposed is of great importance in improving breeding policy. Therefore, markers that allow the detection and localisation of renal damage are needed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the urinary concentrations of immunoglobulin G (uIgG), retinol-binding protein (uRBP), and Tamm-Horsfall protein (uTHP) in a family of Dobermanns with proteinuria and compare these concentrations with the corresponding values in healthy controls.
Ten dogs of the Dobermann breed with proteinuria (five with a urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC) of 0.5-1 and five with a UPC >1) and twelve healthy dogs were enrolled. An ELISA was performed to measure uIgG, uRBP, and uTHP, and these proteins were quantified in relation to urinary creatinine (uCrea).
uIgG/uCr and uRBP/uCr were significantly higher in the family of Dobermanns than in the healthy dogs. A significant difference in the uTHP/uCr value was found only in dogs with a UPC of >1.
IgG seems to facilitate the diagnosis of primary hereditary glomerulopathy in Dobermanns. Moreover, in affected dogs, proteinuria characterisation seems to be a promising alternative option for the detection and localisation of renal lesions.
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