Dry dipterocarp forests are among the most common habitat types in Thailand. Russulaceae are known as common ectomycorrhizal symbionts of Dipterocarpaceae trees in this type of habitat. The present ...study aims to identify collections of Russula subsection Amoeninae Buyck from dry dipterocarp forests in Thailand. A multi-locus phylogenetic analysis placed Thai Amoeninae collections in two novel lineages, and they are described here as R. bellissima sp. nov. and R. luteonana sp. nov. The closest identified relatives of both species were sequestrate species suggesting that they may belong to drought-adapted lineages. An analysis of publicly available ITS sequences in R. subsect. Amoeninae did not confirm evidence of any of the new species occurring in other Asian regions, indicating that dry dipterocarp forests might harbor a novel community of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Macromorphological characters are variable and are not totally reliable for distinguishing the new species from other previously described Asian Amoeninae species. Both new species are defined by a combination of differentiated micromorphological characteristics in spore ornamentation, hymenial cystidia and hyphal terminations in the pileipellis. The new Amoeninae species may correspond to some Russula species collected for consumption in Thailand, and the detailed description of the new species can be used for better identification of edible species and food safety in the region.
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The genus Macrolepiota (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) is easy to recognize at the genus level because of big, fleshy basidiocarps with squamules covering the pileus; a single or double annulus; and big, ...thick-walled basidiospores with a germ pore. However, morphological identification is often unreliable in Macrolepiota due to similar morphological features among species. Due to the uncertainty of previous morphological identification in the genus Macrolepiota, it is necessary to re-examine Korean Macrolepiota using molecular data. We re-examined 34 Macrolepiota specimens collected from 2012 to 2018 in Korea using a reverse taxonomic approach, whereby species identification was first done based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region analysis, followed by morphological confirmation. We identified the presence of four species: M. detersa, M. mastoidea, M. procera, and M. umbonata sp. nov. Two species (M. detersa and M. mastoidea) were previously unrecorded from Korea and M. umbonata is a new species. Detailed descriptions of all four species and taxonomic key are provided in this study. Macrolepiota procera and M. umbonata are distributed through the country, but M. detersa and M. mastoidea are distributed only in limited areas. According to our results, the combination of ITS locus and morphology proved to be a robust approach to evaluate the taxonomic status of Macrolepiota species in Korea. Additional surveys are needed to verify the species diversity and clarify their geographic distribution.
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Repeated macrofungal explorations, followed by thorough examination of species through morphology and molecular phylogeny, have made it clear that European and American names of wild mushrooms were ...inadvertently misapplied quite often to Asian lookalikes by mycologists/taxonomists in the past. Therefore, in order to reveal this mushroom treasure, in recent years, taxonomical research on wild mushrooms has been intensified in Asian countries, including India, by undertaking a combined approach of morpho-taxonomy and multigene molecular phylogeny. Boletoid mushrooms (Boletaceae) are no exception. While working on boletoid mushrooms of the Indian Himalayas, authors recently came across six interesting species of boletoid mushrooms. In the present communication, four novel species, namely
,
,
and
, are established based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic estimations. Moreover,
and
are also reported here for the first time in India.
Russula subsection Amoeninae is morphologically defined by a dry velvety pileus surface, a complete absence of cystidia with heteromorphous contents in all tissues, and spores without amyloid ...suprahilar spot. Thirty-four species within subsection Amoeninae have been published worldwide. Although most
Russula
species in South Korea have been assigned European or North American names, recent molecular studies have shown that
Russula
species from different continents are not conspecific. Therefore, the present study aims to: 1) define which species of Russula subsection Amoeninae occur on each continent using molecular phylogenetic analyses; 2) revise the taxonomy of Korean
Amoeninae
. The phylogenetic analyses using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and multilocus sequences showed that subsection Amoeninae is monophyletic within subgenus Heterophyllidiae section Heterophyllae. A total of 21 Russula subsection Amoeninae species were confirmed from Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and Central America, and species from different continents formed separate clades. Three species were recognized from South Korea and were clearly separated from the European and North American species. These species are
R. bella
, also reported from Japan, a new species described herein,
Russula orientipurpurea
, and a new species undescribed due to insufficient material.
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Lactifluusrussulisporus
Dierickx & De Crop and
Lactifluuscaliendrifer
Froyen & De Crop are described from eucalypt forests in Queensland, Australia and different forest types in Thailand, ...respectively. Both species have recently been published on Index Fungorum and fit morphologically and molecularly in L.sect.Luteoli, a section within L.subg.Gymnocarpi that encompasses species with alboochraceous basidiomes, white latex that stains brown and typical capitate elements in the pileipellis and/or marginal cells.
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The genus Macrolepiota (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) is easy to recognize at the genus level because of big, fleshy basidiocarps with squamules covering the pileus; a single or double annulus; and big, ...thick-walled basidiospores with a germ pore. However, morphological identification is often unreliable in Macrolepiota due to similar morphological features among species. Due to the uncertainty of previous morphological identification in the genus Macrolepiota, it is necessary to re-examine Korean Macrolepiota using molecular data. We reexamined 34 Macrolepiota specimens collected from 2012 to 2018 in Korea using a reverse taxonomic approach, whereby species identification was first done based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region analysis, followed by morphological confirmation. We identified the presence of four species: M. detersa, M. mastoidea, M. procera, and M. umbonata sp. nov. Two species (M. detersa and M. mastoidea) were previously unrecorded from Korea and M. umbonata is a new species. Detailed descriptions of all four species and taxonomic key are provided in this study. Macrolepiota procera and M. umbonata are distributed through the country, but M. detersa and M. mastoidea are distributed only in limited areas. According to our results, the combination of ITS locus and morphology proved to be a robust approach to evaluate the taxonomic status of Macrolepiota species in Korea. Additional surveys are needed to verify the species diversity and clarify their geographic distribution.
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and
are milkcaps that are characterized by the secretion of latex. These two genera are part of a globally distributed cosmopolitan group of ectomycorrhizal fungi that is an important food resource ...in various ecosystems. Recently, the taxonomy of
and
has been revised based on molecular phylogenetics. Despite the importance of these taxa, Korean species of both genera are poorly understood. In an effort to describe milkcap species that are indigenous to Korea, a long-term study has been initiated. During a recent survey, eight species of milkcaps that were previously unrecorded in Korea were detected based on morphological observation and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region: five
species (
,
,
,
, and
) and three
species (
,
and
). Detailed morphological descriptions and phylogenetic relationships of these species are provided in this article.
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Lactarius and Lactifluus are milkcaps that are characterized by the secretion of latex. These two genera are part of a globally distributed cosmopolitan group of ectomycorrhizal fungi that is an ...important food resource in various ecosystems. Recently, the taxonomy of Lactarius and Lactifluus has been revised based on molecular phylogenetics. Despite the importance of these taxa, Korean species of both genera are poorly understood. In an effort to describe milkcap species that are indigenous to Korea, a long-term study has been initiated. During a recent survey, eight species of milkcaps that were previously unrecorded in Korea were detected based on morphological observation and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region: five Lactarius species (Lactarius atromarginatus, L. austrotorminosus, L. kesiyae, L. tabidus, and L. vietus) and three Lactifluus species (Lactifluus acicularis, Lf. pilosus, and Lf. pinguis). Detailed morphological descriptions and phylogenetic relationships of these species are provided in this article.
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Fungi have been often neglected, despite the fact that they provided penicillin, lovastatin and many other important medicines. They are an understudied, but essential, fascinating and ...biotechnologically useful group of organisms. The study of fungi in northern Thailand has been carried out by us since 2005. These studies have been diverse, ranging from ecological aspects, phylogenetics with the incorportation of molecular dating, taxonomy (including morphology and chemotaxonomy) among a myriad of microfungi, to growing novel mushrooms, and DNA-based identification of plant pathogens. In this paper, advances in understanding the biodiversity of fungi in the region are discussed and compared with those further afield. Many new species have been inventoried for the region, but many unknown species remain to be described and/or catalogued. For example, in the edible genus
Agaricus
, over 35 new species have been introduced from northern Thailand, and numerous other taxa await description. In this relatively well known genus, 93% of species novelty is apparent. In the microfungi, which are relatively poorly studied, the percentage of novel species is, surprisingly, generally not as high (55
–
96%). As well as Thai fungi, fungi on several hosts from Europe have been also investigated. Even with the well studied European microfungi an astounding percentage of new taxa (32
–
76%) have been discovered. The work is just a beginning and it will be a daunting task to document this astonishingly high apparent novelty among fungi.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This is the sixth in a series of papers where we bring collaborating mycologists together to produce a set of notes of several taxa of fungi. In this study we introduce a new family
...Fuscostagonosporaceae
in Dothideomycetes. We also introduce the new ascomycete genera
Acericola
,
Castellaniomyces
,
Dictyosporina
and
Longitudinalis
and new species
Acericola italica
,
Alternariaster trigonosporus
,
Amarenomyces dactylidis
,
Angustimassarina coryli
,
Astrocystis bambusicola
,
Castellaniomyces rosae
,
Chaetothyrina artocarpi
,
Chlamydotubeufia krabiensis
,
Colletotrichum lauri
,
Collodiscula chiangraiensis
,
Curvularia palmicola
,
Cytospora mali
-
sylvestris
,
Dictyocheirospora cheirospora
,
Dictyosporina ferruginea
,
Dothiora coronillae
,
Dothiora spartii
,
Dyfrolomyces phetchaburiensis
,
Epicoccum cedri
,
Epicoccum pruni
,
Fasciatispora calami
,
Fuscostagonospora cytisi
,
Grandibotrys hyalinus
,
Hermatomyces nabanheensis
,
Hongkongmyces thailandica
,
Hysterium rhizophorae
,
Jahnula guttulaspora
,
Kirschsteiniothelia rostrata
,
Koorchalomella salmonispora
,
Longitudinalis nabanheensis
,
Lophium zalerioides
,
Magnibotryascoma mali
,
Meliola clerodendri
-
infortunati
,
Microthyrium chinense
,
Neodidymelliopsis moricola
,
Neophaeocryptopus spartii
,
Nigrograna thymi
,
Ophiocordyceps cossidarum
,
Ophiocordyceps issidarum
,
Ophiosimulans plantaginis
,
Otidea pruinosa
,
Otidea stipitata
,
Paucispora kunmingense
,
Phaeoisaria microspora
,
Pleurothecium floriforme
,
Poaceascoma halophila
,
Periconia aquatica
,
Periconia submersa
,
Phaeosphaeria acaciae
,
Phaeopoacea muriformis
,
Pseudopithomyces kunmingnensis
,
Ramgea ozimecii
,
Sardiniella celtidis
,
Seimatosporium italicum
,
Setoseptoria scirpi
,
Torula gaodangensis
and
Vamsapriya breviconidiophora
. We also provide an amended account of
Rhytidhysteron
to include apothecial ascomata and a J+ hymenium. The type species of
Ascotrichella hawksworthii
(
Xylariales genera incertae sedis
),
Biciliopsis leptogiicola
(
Sordariomycetes genera incertae sedis
),
Brooksia tropicalis
(
Micropeltidaceae
),
Bryochiton monascus
(
Teratosphaeriaceae
),
Bryomyces scapaniae
(
Pseudoperisporiaceae
),
Buelliella minimula
(
Dothideomycetes genera incertae sedis
),
Carinispora nypae
(
Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae
),
Cocciscia hammeri
(
Verrucariaceae
),
Endoxylina astroidea
(
Diatrypaceae
),
Exserohilum turcicum
(
Pleosporaceae
),
Immotthia hypoxylon
(
Roussoellaceae
),
Licopolia franciscana
(
Vizellaceae
),
Murispora rubicunda
(
Amniculicolaceae
) and
Doratospora guianensis
(synonymized under
Rizalia guianensis
,
Trichosphaeriaceae
) were re-examined and descriptions, illustrations and discussion on their familial placement are given based on phylogeny and morphological data. New host records or new country reports are provided for
Chlamydotubeufia huaikangplaensis
,
Colletotrichum fioriniae
,
Diaporthe subclavata
,
Diatrypella vulgaris
,
Immersidiscosia eucalypti
,
Leptoxyphium glochidion
,
Stemphylium vesicarium
,
Tetraploa yakushimensis
and
Xepicula leucotricha
.
Diaporthe baccae
is synonymized under
Diaporthe rhusicola.
A reference specimen is provided for
Periconia minutissima.
Updated phylogenetic trees are provided for most families and genera. We introduce the new basidiomycete species
Agaricus purpurlesquameus
,
Agaricus rufusfibrillosus
,
Lactifluus holophyllus
,
Lactifluus luteolamellatus
,
Lactifluus pseudohygrophoroides
,
Russula benwooii
,
Russula hypofragilis
,
Russula obscurozelleri
,
Russula parapallens
,
Russula phoenicea
,
Russula pseudopelargonia
,
Russula pseudotsugarum
,
Russula rhodocephala
,
Russula salishensis
,
Steccherinum amapaense
,
Tephrocybella constrictospora
,
Tyromyces amazonicus
and
Tyromyces angulatus
and provide updated trees to the genera. We also introduce
Mortierella formicae
in
Mortierellales
, Mucoromycota and provide an updated phylogenetic tree.
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