Serial multi-omic analysis of proteome, phosphoproteome, and acetylome provides insights into changes in protein expression, cell signaling, cross-talk and epigenetic pathways involved in disease ...pathology and treatment. However, ubiquitylome and HLA peptidome data collection used to understand protein degradation and antigen presentation have not together been serialized, and instead require separate samples for parallel processing using distinct protocols. Here we present MONTE, a highly sensitive multi-omic native tissue enrichment workflow, that enables serial, deep-scale analysis of HLA-I and HLA-II immunopeptidome, ubiquitylome, proteome, phosphoproteome, and acetylome from the same tissue sample. We demonstrate that the depth of coverage and quantitative precision of each 'ome is not compromised by serialization, and the addition of HLA immunopeptidomics enables the identification of peptides derived from cancer/testis antigens and patient specific neoantigens. We evaluate the technical feasibility of the MONTE workflow using a small cohort of patient lung adenocarcinoma tumors.
In a drilling process for oil and gas exploration, understanding of the interaction between the cutting tool and the rock is important for optimization of the drilling process using polycrystalline ...diamond compact (PDC) cutters. In this study the finite element method in ANSYS AUTODYN-2D is used to simulate the dynamics of cutter rock interaction, rock failure, and fragmentation. A two-dimensional single PDC cutter and rock model were used to simulate the orthogonal cutting process and to investigate the effect of different parameters such as depth of cut, and back rake angle on two types of rocks (sandstone and limestone). In the simulation, the cutting tool was dragged against stationary rock at predetermined linear velocity and the depth of cut (1,2, and 3 mm) and the back rake angles(-10°, 0°, and +10°) were varied. The simulation result shows that the +10° back rake angle results in higher rate of penetration (ROP). Increasing depth of cut leads to higher ROP at the cost of higher cutting force.
Interfacial stress due to thermal mismatch in layered structure has been considered as one of the major causes of mechanical failure in electronic packaging. The mismatch due to the differences in ...coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the materials in multi-layered structure may induce severe stress concentration to the electronic composites namely interfacial delamination and die cracking. Therefore, the studies and evaluation of interfacial stress in electronic packaging become significantly important for optimum design and failure prediction of the electronic devices. The thermal mismatch shear stress for bi-layered assembly can be analyzed by using the mathematical models based on beam theory. In this study, Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation was performed to an electronic package by using ANSYS. The shear stress growth behavior at the interface of the bonded section was studied with the considerations of continuous and partial bond layers in the interfaces. Based on the analysis, it can be observed that the partial bond layer with small center distances can be simplified as a continuous bond layer for bi-layered shearing stress model analysis.
Design Support System for Parabolic Trough Solar Collector Woldemichael, Dereje E; Cheng, Hoe K; Woldeyohannes, Abraham D ...
Journal of applied sciences (Asian Network for Scientific Information),
2012, Volume:
12, Issue:
23
Journal Article
Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) is special kind of heat exchanger that is able to transfer solar radiation energy to fluid medium that flow through it. Designing a PTC for a specific working ...condition requires determination of several parameters and referring to a number of design standards and handbooks. Hence, a design support system is required to determine the necessary parameters and simulate different working conditions. Although, a number of design support systems for solar collectors are available in the market, they are either expensive or limited to certain types of solar collectors. This study presents an in-house design simulation software for parabolic trough collector. The simulation software was coded in Microsoft Visual Studio.Net 2010. Through its Graphical User Interface (GUI), the software allows the user to give input parameters, explore built in standards and review outputs. The output parameters include geometric design parameters, heat losses coefficient and efficiencies. The output parameters are important in the initial stage of designing parabolic trough collectors to reduce design time and effort. The results of the simulation software are validated with published experimental and analytical results.
Sera from 170 factory workers aged 18–45 years enrolled in a pilot study of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, were screened for anti-
Toxoplasma ...immunoglobulin G antibodies by the Sabin-Feldman test (reference standard) and the Eiken latex agglutination test (under evaluation for use in developing countries). Based on the Sabin-Feldman test, the prevalence of anti-
Toxoplasma antibodies was 80·0% (95% confidence interval 73·9–86·1%). The sensitivity and specificity of the Eiken latex agglutination test were 96·3% and 97·1%, respectively, showing its validity for the detection of anti-
Toxoplasma antibodies. The prevalence of antibodies did not differ between individuals infected and uninfected with HIV-1 (74·2% versus 83·3%,
P>0·05). However, antibody titres were higher in HIV-infected persons than in those who were uninfected (
P < 0·001). Based on these findings, we expect that toxoplasmic encephalitis will be a common opportunistic infection among HIV-infected Ethiopians, and chemoprophylaxis with co-trimoxazole may be beneficial to those with low CD4+ T cell counts. The prognostic significance of high titres of anti-
Toxoplasma antibodies remains to be established among Ethiopian HIV-infected individuals.
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NUK, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
Few studies have examined the interaction between schistosomiasis and infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The overlap between the two infections, and the effect of HIV infection on the ...egg output and worm load of individuals co-infected with Schistosoma mansoni, were therefore investigated in a sugar estate in central Ethiopia. The 1239 subjects were selected by stratified sampling of residents aged 15-54 years. The intensities of infection with S. mansoni were measured as egg output in stools (all subjects) and as the concentration of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) in urine (a proxy for worm load, measured in 287 subjects). Schistosome infection was detected in 358 subjects adjusted prevalence (AP) = 31.4% and HIV infection in 52 (AP = 3.1%). The two infections clustered into different populations of the estate: the schistosome infections were predominantly found in the camps, and primarily affected young people (aged < 20 years) and those working in the field, whereas the HIV epidemic was found in the main village, primarily affecting those aged > 20 years and those who had recently arrived on the estate. Schistosome infection was detected in 348 of the 1187 HIV-negatives (AP = 31.6%) and 10 of the 52 HIV-positives (AP = 25.1%; P > 0.05). Schistosoma mansoni egg output was significantly lower in the HIV-positives than in the HIV-negatives (Mann-Whitney test; P = 0.03; ratio of geometric means = 0.74), and remained so after controlling for potential confounders (gender, age, and residence). However, CCA concentrations (i.e. worm loads) were found to be similar for these two groups, after controlling for potential confounders (age, gender, residence, and duration of residence).
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DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In 1992, HIV/AIDS researchers in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, were invited to work in partnership with researchers in Ethiopia to build an HIV/AIDS research infrastructure in Addis Ababa. This ...project, which began in 1994, was envisioned to contribute meaningfully to fighting the HIV pandemic in the decades to come. Its immediate objective was to establish an HIV research laboratory to serve international partnerships pursuing HIV vaccine research in Ethiopia and to support national health authorities fighting the HIV epidemic in Ethiopia. The overall goal was to develop research capacity at the Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI) by improving facilities, training technical and academic personnel (at PhD, MSc, and MPH level), establishing cohort studies to study HIV infection progression, and helping the government to implement a national HIV surveillance program. In the period 1994-2002, the projected HIV/AIDS research laboratory was built and several existing sections of EHNRI were renovated and upgraded. An active HIV-research program was established. Staff grew to more than 60, including three Ethiopian and three expatriate research/managers. Two PhD. students have graduated in immunology and virology (University of Amsterdam, 2000), and five are currently in training. Several technical persons were trained and over 19 MSc/MPH-programs were supported at Addis Ababa University (AAU). The first Ethiopian PhD graduate became the national program manager for ENARP. Two ENARP cohort studies and several HIV-prevalence studies have helped to document the severity of the HIV epidemic in Ethiopia, assisting national authorities in formulation of national and regional policies to prevent HIV transmission. Initial funding for ENARP from the Netherlands government was projected for eight years, to end by 2003. It was expected that management responsibilities would then be transferred from expatriate to Ethiopian staff and all ENARP activities integrated into EHNRI.
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