Bioinspired methods allowing artificial actuators to perform controllably are potentially important for various principles and may offer fundamental insight into chemistry and engineering. To date, ...the main challenges persist regarding the achievement of large deformation in fast response‐time and potential‐engineering applications in which electrode materials and structures limit ion diffusion and accumulation processes. Herein, a novel electrochemical actuator is developed that presents both higher electromechanical performances and biomimetic applications based on hierachically structured covalently bridged black phosphorous/carbon nanotubes. The new actuator demonstrates astonishing actuation properties, including low power consumption/strain (0.04 W cm−2 %−1), a large peak‐to‐peak strain (1.67%), a controlled frequency response (0.1–20 Hz), faster strain and stress rates (11.57% s−1; 28.48 MPa s−1), high power (29.11 kW m−3), and energy (8.48 kJ m−3) densities, and excellent cycling stability (500 000 cycles). More importantly, bioinspired applications such as artificial‐claw, wings‐vibrating, bionic‐flower, and hand actuators have been realized. The key to high performances stems from hierachically structured materials with an ordered lamellar structure, large redox activity, and electrochemical capacitance (321.4 F g−1) for ions with smooth diffusion and flooding accommodation, which will guide substantial progress of next‐generation electrochemical actuators.
A new electrochemical actuator based on hierarchically structured and covalently bridged black phosphorous/carbon nanotube hybrid electrodes is developed. Due to the hierarchically structured materials with ordered lamellar‐framework and large redox activity for ions' smooth diffusion and flooding accommodation, the actuator displays higher electromechanical performance, including low power consumption/strain, large peak‐to‐peak strain, faster strain and stress rates, high power and energy densities, and biomimetic applications.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
An efficient and practical one-pot multicomponent reaction of amines with alkyne esters and chalcones promoted by I2/PhI(OAc)2 has been developed under solvent-free ball-milling conditions to afford ...a variety of polysubstituted trans-2,3-dihydropyrroles in moderate to good yields. The present method features a short reaction time, mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and feasibility of large-scale synthesis. Intriguingly, this protocol can also furnish the corresponding synthetically more attractive pyrroles with the addition of an oxidant in a one-pot way.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
This letter focuses on the metric sorting step for multi-bit successive cancellation list (SCL) decoders of polar codes, which is an important part of the whole decoder. We propose a ...primary-secondary exchange sorting (PSES) method. In the primary sorting, most of the survivals, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{L} </tex-math></inline-formula> paths are selected from the first minor 2L candidates. In the secondary sorting, a small number of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{N} </tex-math></inline-formula> paths are extracted from the other huge number of candidates to remedy the missing survivals. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{N} </tex-math></inline-formula> paths in the secondary stage are exchanged with the largest <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{N} </tex-math></inline-formula> elements in the first <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{L} </tex-math></inline-formula> paths. Due to the minor candidates in the primary stage and the few survivals in the secondary stage, this method reduces the complexity with negligible performance loss. Additionally, a sorting network based on compare-and-swap unit (CASU) PSES (CPSES) and a sorting network based on Radix-2L PSES (RPSES) are proposed to improve secondary sorting. The evaluation results show that compared with state-of-the-art metric sorting methods, the proposed CPSES architecture significantly reduces hardware resources, and the proposed RPSES architecture significantly reduces the latency.
Unprecedented chiral multilayer folding 3D polymers have been assembled and regulated by uniform and differentiated aromatic chromophore units between naphthyl piers. Screening catalysts, catalytic ...systems and monomers were proven to be crucial for asymmetric catalytic Suzuki–Miyaura polycouplings for this assembly. X‐ray crystallography of the corresponding dimers and trimers revealed the absolute configuration and the intermolecular packing pattern. Up to 61 960 Mw/41 900 Mn and m/z 4317 for polymers and oligomers, as confirmed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and MALDI‐TOF MS, indicated that these frameworks were composed of multiple stacked layers. The resulting multiple π‐assemblies exhibited remarkable optical properties in aggregated states (photoluminescence in solids and aggregation‐induced emission in solutions), as well as reversible redox properties in electrochemical performance.
A first asymmetric catalytic approach to multilayer 3D folding polymers by using Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling in the presence of chiral catalysts. The resulting multiple π‐assemblies exhibited remarkable optical properties in aggregated states (photoluminescence in solids and aggregation‐induced emission in solutions), as well as reversible redox properties in electrochemical performance.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
New solvent-free brominations of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, phenols, various alkenes including chalcones, azachalcones, 4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one, methyl cinnamate, styrene and 1,3-cyclohexadiene were ...efficiently achieved by employing sodium bromide and oxone under mechanical milling conditions. The brominated products were obtained in good to excellent yields.
Solvent-free brominations of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, phenols and alkenes were achieved by employing sodium bromide and oxone under mechanical milling conditions.
An efficient protocol has been developed for the desulfitative Heck‐type reaction of aryl sulfinic acids with a variety of alkenes in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2 and inexpensive ...Cu(OAc)2 as oxidant. This method does not require a ligand or a base, thereby broadening the scope of Pd‐catalyzed coupling reactions.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A mild approach to the visible-light-mediated bimetal-catalyzed meta-alkylation of arenes has been accomplished. The regioselective meta-alkylation is realized by a bimetallic ruthenium–palladium ...system. Ruthenium acts as a catalyst for the directing effect and as a photosensitizer, while the cocatalyst palladium behaves as a catalyst for the generation of fluoroalkyl radicals. This reaction not only is suitable for two-component meta-fluoroalkylation of arenes but can also be extended to three-component reactions to achieve bifunctionalization of olefins.
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Chitosan (300 kDa) was degraded by cellulase to chitosans with molecular weights (MWs) of 156, 72, 7.1, and 3.3 kDa and a chitooligosaccharide mixture (COS). Effects of these on NO secretion, ...cytokine production, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine RAW 264.7 macrophages were investigated. Larger chitosans (300, 156, 72 kDa) significantly inhibited NO production, whereas smaller chitosans (7.1 & 3.3 kDa, COS) increased NO production. The 156 and 72 kDa chitosans significantly inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 production, whereas the 7.1 kDa chitosan and COS significantly induced their production. The 156 and 72 kDa chitosans inhibited NF-κB activation and iNOS expression by binding to the CR3 (for 156 kDa chitosan), or CR3 and TLR4 receptor (for 72 kDa chitosan). The smaller chitosans (e.g. 7.1 kDa chitosan and COS) activated NF-κB and enhanced iNOS expression by binding to CD14, TLR4, and CR3 receptors to activate JNK signaling proteins.
•5 chitosans with 3.3–300.0 kDa, and a chitooligosaccharide mixture were prepared.•Effect of chitosan molecular weight (MW) on NO secretion in macrophage was studied.•Chitosan MW effect on pro-inflammatory cytokine production was studied.•Variation in NO regulatory mechanism as affected by chitosan MW was demonstrated.•Variation in binding receptor as affected by chitosan MW was demonstrated.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The first solvent-free manganese(III) acetate-promoted reaction of benzothiazole/thiazole derivatives with organophosphorus compounds including phosphine oxides, phosphinate ester, and phosphonate ...diester has been efficiently developed under ball-milling conditions, providing a highly efficient and green protocol to structurally diverse C2-phosphonylated benzothiazole/thiazole derivatives with remarkable functional group tolerance and excellent yields.
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