Porous materials have recently attracted much attention owing to their fascinating structures and broad applications. Moreover, exploring novel porous polymers affording the efficient capture of ...iodine is of significant interest. In contrast to the reported porous polymers fabricated with small molecular blocks, we herein report the preparation of porous polymer frameworks using rigid polyisocyanides as building blocks. First, tetrahedral four-arm star polyisocyanides with predictable molecular weight and low dispersity were synthesized; the chain-ends of the rigid polyisocyanide blocks were then crosslinked, yielding well-defined porous organic frameworks with a designed pore size and narrow distribution. Polymers of appropriate pore size were observed to efficiently capture radioactive iodine in both aqueous and vapor phases. More than 98% of iodine could be captured within 1 minute from a saturated aqueous solution (capacity of up to 3.2 g g
−1
), and an adsorption capacity of up to 574 wt% of iodine in vapor was measured within 4 hours. Moreover, the polymers could be recovered and recycled for iodine capture for at least six times, while maintaining high performance.
Macroporous polymer frameworks with a tunable pore size were readily prepared using 4-arm rod-like polymers as building blocks. They showed excellent iodine capture performance with very high efficiency (1 minute) and high capacity (574%).
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
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•Microalgae based constructed wetlands (CWs) are effective for swine wastewater treatment.•Duckweeds based CWs have advantages in swine wastewater (SW) treatment.•Characteristics of ...microalgae and duckweeds based CWs in SW treatment were reviewed.•Mechanisms of and factors affecting microalgae and duckweeds based CWs were discussed.•Challenges and future perspectives of microalgae and duckweeds based CWs were proposed.
Constructed wetlands for swine wastewater treatment have been one of the most exciting research topics. Usually hydrophytes based constructed wetlands could not adapt well to high concentration of ammonia nitrogen in swine wastewater, while microalgal and duckweed based constructed wetlands are promising for the nutrient removal. In this critical review, the important roles of microalgae and duckweeds played in wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands were first summarized. Performances including biomass growth, nutrient removal capacities and mechanisms of microalgal and duckweed based constructed wetlands were reviewed for swine wastewater treatment. Challenges for the applications of constructed wetlands including microalgal and duckweed based ones were discussed which includes a better understanding and utilization of synergistic effects among microalgae and duckweeds, difficulty and costs in harvesting biomass, applications in various field conditions including low temperatures, and selections of various types of microalgal and duckweed species. Future research needs were also proposed accordingly.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Two thioxanthone‐derived isomeric series of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters 1,6‐2TPA‐TX/3,6‐2TPA‐TX and 1,6‐2TPA‐TXO/3,6‐2TPA‐TXO are developed for organic light‐emitting ...diodes (OLEDs). Blue emission devices based on symmetrical 3,6‐2TPA‐TX with common vertical transition route realize an extremely high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.7%, and an ever highest EQE of 24.3% is achieved for yellow emission devices based on 3,6‐2TPA‐TXO by solely changing the sulfur atom valence state of the thioxanthone core. In contrast, their corresponding asymmetric isomers are affected by intramolecular energy transfer and more severely by a nonradiative deactivation pathway, to give much low EQE values (<5%). By utilizing 3,6‐2TPA‐TX as a blue emitter and 3,6‐2TPA‐TXO as a yellow emitter, an ever highest EQE of 20.4% is achieved for all‐fluorescence white OLEDs.
Two thioxanthone‐derived isomeric series of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with the same electron acceptor and electron donor but different donor combining strategy are developed. Highly efficient sky‐blue, yellow, and white organic light‐emitting diodes are achieved by 3,6‐2TPA‐TX and 3,6‐2TPA‐TXO with symmetrical configuration and common vertical transition route.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Platinum (Pt) has found wide use as an electrocatalyst for sustainable energy conversion systems
. The activity of Pt is controlled by its electronic structure (typically, the d-band centre), which ...depends sensitively on lattice strain
. This dependence can be exploited for catalyst design
, and the use of core-shell structures and elastic substrates has resulted in strain-engineered Pt catalysts with drastically improved electrocatalytic performances
. However, it is challenging to map in detail the strain-activity correlations in Pt-catalysed conversions, which can involve a number of distinct processes, and to identify the optimal strain modification for specific reactions. Here we show that when ultrathin Pt shells are deposited on palladium-based nanocubes, expansion and shrinkage of the nanocubes through phosphorization and dephosphorization induces strain in the Pt(100) lattice that can be adjusted from -5.1 per cent to 5.9 per cent. We use this strain control to tune the electrocatalytic activity of the Pt shells over a wide range, finding that the strain-activity correlation for the methanol oxidation reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction follows an M-shaped curve and a volcano-shaped curve, respectively. We anticipate that our approach can be used to screen out lattice strain that will optimize the performance of Pt catalysts-and potentially other metal catalysts-for a wide range of reactions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ
Abstract
The development of biomedical glues is an important, yet challenging task as seemingly mutually exclusive properties need to be combined in one material, i.e. strong adhesion and adaption to ...remodeling processes in healing tissue. Here, we report a biocompatible and biodegradable protein-based adhesive with high adhesion strengths. The maximum strength reaches 16.5 ± 2.2 MPa on hard substrates, which is comparable to that of commercial cyanoacrylate superglue and higher than other protein-based adhesives by at least one order of magnitude. Moreover, the strong adhesion on soft tissues qualifies the adhesive as biomedical glue outperforming some commercial products. Robust mechanical properties are realized without covalent bond formation during the adhesion process. A complex consisting of cationic supercharged polypeptides and anionic aromatic surfactants with lysine to surfactant molar ratio of 1:0.9 is driven by multiple supramolecular interactions enabling such strong adhesion. We demonstrate the glue’s robust performance in vitro and in vivo for cosmetic and hemostasis applications and accelerated wound healing by comparison to surgical wound closures.
Self‐sorting plays a crucial role in living systems such as the selective assembly of DNA and specific folding of proteins. However, the self‐sorting of artificial helical polymers such as ...biomacromolecules has rarely been achieved. In this work, single‐handed helical poly(phenyl isocyanide)s bearing pyrene (Py) and naphthalene (Np) probes were prepared, which exhibited interesting self‐sorting properties driven by both helicity and molecular weight (Mn) in solution, solid state, gel, and on the gel surface as well. The polymers with the same helix sense and similar Mn can self‐sort and assemble into well‐defined two‐dimensional smectic architectures and form stable gels in organic solvents. In contrast, mixed polymers with opposite handedness or different Mn were repulsive to each other and did not aggregate. Moreover, the gels of helical polymers with the same handedness and similar Mn can recognize themselves and adhere together to form a gel.
Single‐handed helical polymers can recognize themselves by discrimination of their helicity and molecular weight, and further self‐assemble into well‐defined two‐dimensional smectic architectures. Moreover, gels formed from the helical polymers can also recognize themselves based on helicity and molecular weight and can selectively adhere together to form one gel.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Endothelial cell death is linked to vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and tissue ischemia. miRNA-17-92 (miR-17–92) is a multiple functional oncogenic miRNA cluster which plays vital roles in ...tumor angiogenesis and tissue development. However, its role in regulation of endothelial cell ferroptosis remains unclear. In this study, we revealed that miR-17–92 protects endothelial HUVEC cells from erastin-induced ferroptosis. miR-17-92 overexpression significantly reduced erastin-induced growth inhibition and ROS generation of HUVEC cells. Furthermore, Zinc lipoprotein A20, a validated target of miR-17-92, was identified as a novel regulator of endothelial cell ferroptosis. Lentivirus mediated A20 overexpression increased ROS generation and enhanced erastin-induced ferroptosis, whereas A20 knockdown inhibited erastin-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistic studies revealed that erastin-induced ferroptosis is associated with GPX4 downregulation and ACSL4 upregulation. miR-17-92 overexpression or A20 inhibition increased the ACSL4 expression in HUVEC cells. A20 was identified to directly with and regulate ACSL4 expression by immunoprecipitation. It suggests that the A20-ACSL4 axis plays important roles in erastin-induced endothelial ferroptosis. In conclusion, this study revealed a novel mechanism through which miR-17-92 protects endothelial cells from erastin-induced ferroptosis by targeting the A20-ACSL4 axis.
•miR-17-92 protects endothelial cells from erastin-induced ferroptosis.•Zinc lipoprotein A20 is identified as a novel regulator of ferroptosis.•A20 regulates ACSL4 by their directly interaction in endothelial cells.•miR-17-92 targets the A20-ACSL4 axis in endothelial cells.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The South China Block, consisting of the Yangtze and the Cathaysia blocks, is one of the largest Precambrian blocks in eastern Asia. However, the early history of the Cathaysia Block is poorly ...understood due largely to intensive and extensive reworking by Phanerozoic polyphase orogenesis and magmatism which strongly overprinted and obscured much of the Precambrian geological record. In this paper, we use the detrital zircon U–Pb age and Hf isotope datasets as an alternative approach to delineate the early history of the Cathaysia Block. Compilation of published 4041 Precambrian detrital zircon ages from a number of (meta)sedimentary samples and river sands exhibits a broad age spectrum, with three major peaks at ~2485Ma, ~1853Ma and ~970Ma (counting for ~10%, ~16% and ~24% of all analyses, respectively), and four subordinate peaks at ~1426Ma, ~1074Ma, ~780Ma and ~588Ma. Five of seven detrital zircon age peaks are broadly coincident with the crystallisation ages of ~1.89–1.83Ga, ~1.43Ga, ~1.0–0.98Ga and ~0.82–0.72Ga for known igneous rocks exposed in Cathaysia, whereas, igneous rocks with ages of ~2.49Ga and ~0.59Ga have not yet been found. The Hf isotopic data from 1085 detrital zircons yield Hf model ages (TDMC) between ~4.19Ga and ~0.81Ga, and the calculated εHf(t) values between −40.2 and 14.4. The Archean detrital zircons are exclusively oval in shape with complicated internal textures, indicating that they were sourced by long distance transportations and strong abrasion from an exotic Archean continent. In contrast, the majority of detrital zircons in age between ~1.9 and ~0.8Ga are euhedral to subhedral crystals, indicative of local derivation by short distance transportations from their sources. The oldest crustal basement rocks in Cathaysia were most likely formed by generation of juvenile crust and reworking of recycled Archean components in Late Paleoproterozoic at ~1.9–1.8Ga, rather than in the Archean as previously speculated. Reworking and recycling of the continental crust are likely the dominant processes for the crustal evolution of Cathaysia during the Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic time, with an intervenient period of significant generation of juvenile crust at ~1.0Ga.
Precambrian crustal evolutions of the Cathaysia Block are genetically related to the supercontinent cycles. By comparing detrital zircon data from Cathaysia with those for other continents, and integrating multiple lines of geological evidence, we interpret the Cathaysia Block as an orogenic belt located between East Antarctica, Laurentia and Australia during the assembly of supercontinent Columbia/Nuna at ~1.9–1.8Ga. The Cathaysia Block amalgamated with the Yangtze Block to form the united South China Block during the Sibao Orogeny at ~1.0–0.89Ga. The Laurentia–Cathaysia–Yangtze–Australia–East Antarctica connection gives the best solution to the paleo-position of Cathaysia in supercontinent Rodinia. The significant amount of ~0.6–0.55Ga detrital zircons in Cathaysia and West Yangtze have exclusively high crustal incubation time of >300Ma, indicating crystallisation from magmas generated dominantly by crustal reworking. This detrital zircon population compares well with the similar-aged zircon populations from a number of Gondwana-derived terranes including Tethyan Himalaya, High Himalaya, Qiangtang and Indochina. The united South China–Indochina continent was likely once an integral part of Gondwanaland, connected to northern India by a “Pan-African” collisional orogen.
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•Cathaysia Block formed at ~1.9-1.8Ga, rather than in Archean.•Archean detrital zircons found in Cathaysia were likely sourced from East Antarctica.•Cathaysia locates between E. Antarctica, Laurentia and Australia in Columbia/Nuna.•South China most likely locates in the interior, but not on fringe, of Rodinia.•South China connects with Northern India by a “Pan-African” collisional orogeny.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Chromatin dynamics regulated by epigenetic modification is crucial in genome stability and gene expression. Various epigenetic mechanisms have been identified in the pathogenesis of human diseases. ...Here, we examined the effects of ten epigenetic agents on pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection by using GFP-reporter assays. Inhibitors of bromodomain protein 4 (BRD4), which receives much more attention in cancer than viral infection, was found to exhibit substantial anti-viral activity against PRV as well as a range of DNA and RNA viruses. We further demonstrated that BRD4 inhibition boosted a robust innate immune response. BRD4 inhibition also de-compacted chromatin structure and induced the DNA damage response, thereby triggering the activation of cGAS-mediated innate immunity and increasing host resistance to viral infection both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the inhibitory effect of BRD4 inhibition on viral infection was mainly attributed to the attenuation of viral attachment. Our findings reveal a unique mechanism through which BRD4 inhibition restrains viral infection and points to its potent therapeutic value for viral infectious diseases.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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