The purpose of this research was to achieve the best performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a marine engine fueled with hydrogen (5%, 10% and 15% energy fraction), water (2, 4 and ...6 wt%) and rapeseed methyl ester (RME) blend fuel by the multi-objective optimization. Based on the experimental results of the engine at 50%, 75% and 100% loads, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed, and an improved chemical kinetic mechanism was developed to simulate the fuel combustion process. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the combustion and emission characteristics of the marine diesel engine. The result showed that the hydrogen and water can improve the combustion and emission characteristics of the marine engine. The best solution was to select the desirable value of 0.632, and the engine achieves the best state by fueling R + 15H + 2.5W at 74.69% load. At the point, the optimum values of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), nitrogen oxide (NOx), hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were 208.31 g/kW·h, 39.22%, 941.21 ppm, 325.86 ppm and 1073.4 ppm, respectively. For this study, adding appropriate hydrogen and water to biodiesel can achieve efficient, low carbon and clean combustion in marine engine.
•Effects of hydrogen/biodiesel/water blend fuels on combustion and emission characteristics are compared.•Optimum blend fuel is obtained for diesel engine.•An improved 3D model and chemical kinetics mechanism are developed.•The performance optimization was carried out by the response surface methodology.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
Background
Intestinal perforations and fistulas are common complications of Crohn’s disease. However, chronic perforation with peritoneal space to rectal and vaginal fistulas have not been ...previously reported.
Case presentation
A 38-year-old female suffered from progressive lower abdominal pain, diarrhea and weight loss. Terminal ileal chronic perforation with intra-abdominal abscess, peritoneal space to rectal and vaginal fistulas were noted. The patient received surgical resection of the cecum and terminal ileum, and then vedolizumab treatment. Three months later, she had complete fistula closure, and her body mass index had increased from 13 to 22.
Conclusion
Vedolizumab combined with stool diversion is effective at treating Crohn’s disease with chronic perforation and complex peritoneal space to rectal and vaginal fistulas.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The relationship between gut microbial dysbiosis and acute or chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still unclear. Here, we show that oral administration of the probiotic Lactobacillus casei Zhang ...(L. casei Zhang) corrected bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced gut microbial dysbiosis, alleviated kidney injury, and delayed its progression to CKD in mice. L. casei Zhang elevated the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and nicotinamide in the serum and kidney, resulting in reduced renal inflammation and damage to renal tubular epithelial cells. We also performed a 1-year phase 1 placebo-controlled study of oral L. casei Zhang use (Chinese clinical trial registry, ChiCTR-INR-17013952), which was well tolerated and slowed the decline of kidney function in individuals with stage 3–5 CKD. These results show that oral administration of L. casei Zhang, by altering SCFAs and nicotinamide metabolism, is a potential therapy to mitigate kidney injury and slow the progression of renal decline.
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•L. casei Zhang improves renal function and pathology in mouse models of AKI and CKD•L. casei Zhang ameliorates gut microbial dysbiosis in both AKI and CKD•L. casei Zhang reduces renal inflammation and damage via SCFAs and nicotinamide•L. casei Zhang slows the decline of kidney function in individuals with stage 3–5 CKD
Zhu et al. demonstrate that the probiotic L. casei Zhang slows kidney disease progression in mouse models and individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) through increasing the levels of short-chain fatty acids and via nicotinamide metabolism, which together modulate the inflammatory response of local macrophages and tubular epithelia cells. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic approach for acute kidney injury and CKD.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Conventional square‐planar platinum complexes typically form one‐dimensional assemblies as a result of unidirectional metallophilic and/or π⋅⋅⋅π intermolecular interactions. Organoplatinum(II) ...complexes with a cruciform shape are presented herein to construct two‐dimensional (2D) microcrystals with full‐color and white phosphorescence. These 2D crystals show unique monocomponent π⋅⋅⋅π stacking, from either the cyclometalating or noncyclometalating ligand, and the bicomponent alternate π⋅⋅⋅π stacking from both ligands along different facet directions. Anisotropic tri‐directional waveguiding is further implemented on a single hexagonal microcrystal. These results demonstrate the great capability of the organoplatinum(II) cruciform as a general platform to fabricate 2D phosphorescent micro‐/nanocrystals for advanced photonic applications.
The controllable preparations of two‐dimensional phosphorescent crystals remain a challenging task. In stark contrast to the conventional one‐dimensional assemblies of square‐planar platinum complexes, organoplatinum(II) complexes with a cruciform shape form two‐dimensional microcrystals with full‐color and white phosphorescence by unique molecular stackings, opening a new avenue for the preparations of phosphorescent micro/nanostructures for advanced photonic applications.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This study examines the effects of environmental hazards, including tobacco, alcohol/alcohol flush response, areca nut, and Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection on upper digestive diseases. This ...is a multi‐hospital‐based endoscopy‐survey cross‐sectional study. Subjects were received upper endoscopies in outpatient clinics at four hospitals in Taiwan between 2008 and 2013. Biopsy‐based methods or urea breath test were used confirm the status of H pylori infection. In total, 8135 subjects were analyzed. Higher cumulative amounts of alcohol consumption were at higher risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), higher cumulative amounts of tobacco consumption were at higher risk of peptic ulcer, and higher cumulative amounts of areca nut consumption were at higher risk of duodenitis. Alcohol flush response was significant risk for reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus (adjusted odds ratio aOR = 1.18 and 1.32, 95% confidence interval CI = 1.07‐1.31 and 1.06‐1.65, respectively). H pylori infection was inversely associated with ESCC risk (aOR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.10‐0.40). In addition, H pylori infection was consistently and significantly risk factors for gastrointestinal diseases, including peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and duodenitis (aOR = 5.51, 1.84, and 2.10, 95% CI = 4.85‐6.26, 1.03‐3.26, and 1.71‐2.56, respectively). Besides the cumulative risk of alcohol, tobacco, and areca nut for Barrett's esophagus, ESCC, and peptic ulcer, respectively, presence of facial flushing was the significant risk for reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus. H pylori infection was positively associated with peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and duodenitis, but inversely associated with ESCC.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The structural heterogeneity of surface metal species, which is represented by the distribution in size, morphology, and local coordination environment of the active metal component, is almost ...inevitable in practical supported metal catalysts. This is often regarded as a major hindrance to the full utilization of metal loading and the high mass-specific catalytic activity. In this work, by quantitative evaluation of the individual reaction steps of a probe reaction, cyclohexanol dehydrogenation (an important reaction for hydrogen storage and transportation as well as high valued chemical production), we demonstrate that the inherent heterogeneity of supported Rhodium catalysts prepared by conventional synthesis has unique advantages in a complex heterogeneous catalytic reaction. The isolated Rh species (Rh1) is extremely active for the first step of dehydrogenation, the transformation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone, while the Rh ensemble sites (Rhe, including Rh clusters, Rhn, and Rh nanoparticles, Rhp) are highly efficient for the successive reaction step, cyclohexanone to phenol, for which the Rh1 sites are almost inactive. Only with the coexistence of both active structures could the optimal reaction performance be achieved, which ambiguously demonstrates the importance of species heterogeneity in some multistep catalytic reactions. Our study provides a new view of the benefits from structural heterogeneity in practical catalysts and sheds light on the catalyst design strategy for complex catalytic reactions.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) is a conserved and fundamental process during which the maternal environment is converted to an environment of embryonic-driven development through dramatic ...reprogramming. However, how maternally supplied transcripts are dynamically regulated during MZT remains largely unknown. Herein, through genome-wide profiling of RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification in zebrafish early embryos, we found that m5C-modified maternal mRNAs display higher stability than non-m5C-modified mRNAs during MZT. We discovered that Y-box binding protein 1 (Ybx1) preferentially recognizes m5C-modified mRNAs through π-π interactions with a key residue, Trp45, in Ybx1’s cold shock domain (CSD), which plays essential roles in maternal mRNA stability and early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Together with the mRNA stabilizer Pabpc1a, Ybx1 promotes the stability of its target mRNAs in an m5C-dependent manner. Our study demonstrates an unexpected mechanism of RNA m5C-regulated maternal mRNA stabilization during zebrafish MZT, highlighting the critical role of m5C mRNA modification in early development.
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•RNA-BisSeq revealed a dynamic RNA m5C landscape during zebrafish embryogenesis•Ybx1 preferentially recognizes m5C-modified mRNAs•Ybx1 deficiency leads to early gastrulation defects in zebrafish embryos•Ybx1 and Pabpc1a coordinately regulate m5C-modified maternal mRNA stability
RNA modifications exert important effects in many critical physiological processes. Using RNA-BisSeq, Yang et al. provide a comprehensive view of the RNA m5C landscape in zebrafish early embryos and show that m5C-modified maternal mRNAs are stabilized by Ybx1 and Pabpc1a during zebrafish MZT.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Alternative N-glycosylation has significant structural and functional consequences on immunoglobulin G (IgG) and can affect immune responses, acting as a switch between pro- and anti-inflammatory IgG ...functionality. Studies have demonstrated that IgG N-glycosylation is associated with ageing, body mass index, type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
Herein, we have demonstrated patterns of IgG glycosylation that are associated with blood lipids in a cross-sectional study including 598 Han Chinese aged 20-68 years. The IgG glycome composition was analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography.
Blood lipids were positively correlated with glycan peak GP6, whereas they were negatively correlated with GP18 (P < 0.05/57). The canonical correlation analysis indicated that initial N-glycan structures, including GP4, GP6, GP9-12, GP14, GP17, GP18 and GP23, were significantly correlated with blood lipids, including total cholesterol, total triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (r = 0.390, P < 0.001). IgG glycans patterns were able to distinguish patients with dyslipidaemia from the controls, with an area under the curve of 0.692 (95% confidence interval 0.644-0.740).
Our findings indicated that a possible association between blood lipids and the observed loss of galactose and sialic acid, as well as the addition of bisecting GlcNAcs, which might be related to the chronic inflammation accompanying with the development and procession of dyslipidaemia.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A strain of Aspergillus niger (A. niger), capable of releasing bound phenolic acids from wheat bran, was isolated. This strain was identified by gene sequence identification. The antioxidant and ...anti-inflammatory capacity of ferulic acid released from wheat bran by this A. niger strain (FA-WB) were evaluated.
Molecular identification techniques based on PCR analysis of specific genomic sequences were conducted; antioxidant ability was examined using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays, and erythrocyte hemolysis assays. RAW264.7 cells were used as a model to detect anti-inflammatory activity.
The filamentous fungal isolate was identified to be A. niger. ORAC and CAA assay showed that FA-WB had better antioxidant activity than that of the ferulic acid standard. The erythrocyte hemolysis assay results suggested that FA-WB could attenuate AAPH-induced oxidative stress through inhibition of reactive oxy gen species (ROS) generation. FA-WB could significantly restore the AAPH-induced increase in intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities to normal levels as well as inhibit the intracellular malondialdehyde formation. TNF-α, IL-6, and NO levels indicated that FA-WB can inhibit the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Ferulic acid released from wheat bran by a new strain of A. niger had good anti-inflammatory activity and better antioxidant ability than standard ferulic acid.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background
Gastric cancer (GC) is common in East Asia, yet its molecular and pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are differentially expressed in GC and may be promising ...biomarkers. Here, we investigated the role and regulatory mechanism of circTMC5 in GC.
Methods
CircTMC5 expression was detected in human GC and adjacent tissues using microarray assays and qRT-PCR, while the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with GC were used to assess its diagnostic and prognostic value. The circTMC5/miR-361-3p/RABL6 axis was examined in vitro and vivo, and the immune roles of RABL6 were evaluated using bioinformatics analyses and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Results
CircTMC5 was highly expressed in GC tissues, plasma, and cell lines, and was closely related to histological grade, pathological stage, and T classification in patients with GC. CircTMC5 expression was also an independent prognostic factor for GC and its combined detection with carcinoembryonic antigen may improve GC diagnosis. Low circTMC5 expression correlated with good prognosis, inhibited GC cell proliferation, and promoted apoptosis. Mechanistically, circTMC5 overexpression promoted GC cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis but inhibited apoptosis by sponging miR-361-3p and up-regulating RABL6 in vitro and vivo, whereas miR-361-3p up-regulation had the opposite effects. RABL6 was highly expressed in GC and was involved in immune regulation and infiltration in GC.
Conclusions
CircTMC5 promotes GC and sponges miR-361-3p to up-regulate RABL6 expression, thus may have diagnostic and prognostic value in GC. RABL6 also displays therapeutic promise due to its role in the immune regulation of GC.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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