Little has been known regarding ~200-Myr-long geologic history of Central China during the Late Paleozoic between two major continental collisional events marked by ~480–440-Ma North Qinling–North ...Qaidam and ~230-Ma Dabie–Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) belts, respectively. The Gonghe basin is juxtaposed with major Chinese continental blocks across several outstanding Tethyan sutures in Central China and may hold answers to many critical questions about the tectonic amalgamation of China. In this paper, geochronological (laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, LA–ICP–MS), mineral chemistry, major and trace element, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data are presented for newly discovered Mid-Permian magmatic rocks in the Gonghe basin on the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. The data indicate that magmatism was active at ~270Ma and shows a bimodal composition including gabbro, diabase and granite. Major oxides and trace elements are obviously correlated with SiO2 between the mafic and felsic rocks. They are both characterized by enrichments in light-rare-earth elements (LREEs) and large-ion-lithophile elements (LILEs), negative Eu anomalies and depletion in high-field-strength elements (HFSEs), together with similar Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic signature, suggesting that they likely shared the same magma chamber, and that the felsic rocks were produced by fractional crystallization of the mafic rocks. The high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7061 to 0.7094) and low εNd(t) values (−6.4 to −3.7), as well as Nb–Ta deletions indicate that they were likely derived from enriched mantle metasomatized by subduction-related fluids during the Early Paleozoic. In view of absence of coeval arc-related magmatism in contrast to broad seamount mafic magmatism in the Gonghe basin, the bimodal magmatism is ascribed to an intracontinental rifting event that could have been caused by transtension in Central China since the Mid-Permian, which could have been responsible for the initiation of the Gonghe and Songpan–Ganzi basins.
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•Bimodal magmatism on NE Tibetan Plateau occurred at ~270Ma.•Mafic rocks were derived from mantle source enriched by Early Paleozoic subduction.•Felsic rocks were produced by fractional crystallization of the mafic rocks.•The bimodal magmatism marked a Mid-Permian rifting event in central China•Mid-Permian rifting was responsible for initiation of several Tethyan branches.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
TaMFT-3A
on wheat chromosome 3AS, encoding a phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding protein, was previously determined to be a candidate gene underlying the major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for ...pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) resistance. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (−222, +646, and +666) and one insertion/deletion (InDel) variation at
TaMFT-3A
locus are associated with PHS resistance. In the present study, we detected a novel 33-bp InDel in the promoter (−194) of
TaMFT-3A
and developed a gene-specific marker (MFT-A2). Linkage mapping indicated that MFT-A2 co-segregated with a major QTL on chromosome 3AS for PHS resistance in the recombinant inbred line population from the cross of Annong 0711 × Henong 825, explaining 17.79 and 14.22% of phenotypic variations in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Association analysis also showed that the InDel was significantly associated with PHS resistance using 260 current wheat varieties (lines) and 183 Chinese mini-core wheat collections across environments.
TaMFT-3A
expression levels in genotypes with the resistance allele
TaMFT-3Aa
were significantly higher than those in varieties with the susceptible allele
TaMFT-3Ab
. Moreover,
TaMFT-3A
transcription was up-regulated in high-temperature and abscisic acid treatments, but down-regulated in low-temperature and gibberellic acid treatments. Notably, PHS resistance of varieties simultaneously carrying favorable haplotypes of
SNP-222
,
SNP646/666
,
TaMFT-A1
, and
TaMFT-3A
(designated
Hap-11
) was significantly higher than that of other haplotypes across environments. This study provides useful information for the use of the MFT-A2 marker for improvement of PHS resistance in wheat breeding, and for our better understanding of
TaMFT-3A
regulatory mechanism for PHS resistance.
In this study, we describe and illustrate a new species, Primula weiliei L.S.Yang, Z.K.Wu & G.W.Hu, from the Shennongjia Forestry District, Hubei Province in Central China. It is morphologically ...assigned to Primula sect. Aleuritia based on its dwarf and hairless habit, long petiole, fruits longer than calyx and covered by farina on the scape. This new species is similar to P. gemmifera and P. munroi subsp. yargongensis in the same section, but it can be distinguished by its smaller calyxes, homostylous flowers, corolla tube throat without annular appendage and only 1–2 flowers in each inflorescence. Based on the assessment conducted according to the IUCN Red List criteria, we propose that P. weiliei be classified as a Critically Endangered (CR) species.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Notch signaling is critically involved in neural development, but the downstream effectors remain incompletely understood. In this study, we cultured neurospheres from Nestin-Cre-mediated conditional ...Rbp-j knockout (Rbp-j cKO) and control embryos and compared their miRNA expression profiles using microarray. Among differentially expressed miRNAs, miR-342-5p showed upregulated expression as Notch signaling was genetically or pharmaceutically interrupted. Consistently, the promoter of the miR-342-5p host gene, the Ena-vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein-like (Evl), was negatively regulated by Notch signaling, probably through HES5. Transfection of miR-342-5p promoted the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into intermediate neural progenitors (INPs) in vitro and reduced the stemness of NSCs in vivo. Furthermore, miR-342-5p inhibited the differentiation of neural stem/intermediate progenitor cells into astrocytes, likely mediated by targeting GFAP directly. Our results indicated that miR-342-5p could function as a downstream effector of Notch signaling to regulate the differentiation of NSCs into INPs and astrocytes commitment.
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•miR-342-5p acts as a downstream effector of canonical Notch signaling•Notch signal inhibits miR-342-5p expression by regulating its host gene Evl•miR-342-5p promotes the transition of NSCs into INPs•Astrocyte commitment was suppressed by miR-342-5p targeting GFAP
In this article, Han and colleagues show that miR-342-5p acts as a downstream effector of Notch signaling in the mouse CNS. Notch signal inhibits miR-342-5p expression by regulating its host gene Evl. And with attenuated Notch signal in NSCs, miR-342-5p is upregulated to promote NSCs transition into INPs, and to inhibit astrocyte commitment by targeting GFAP.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Three novel antimicrobial peptides (Pantinin-1, Pantinin-2 and Pantinin-3) were identified from Pandinus imperator.•The three peptides have relatively strong antimicrobial activities against ...Gram-positive bacteria.•Pantinin-3 has great potential to be applied in the treatment of VRE infections.•We found that hydrophobicity of the hydrophilic region significantly affects the activity of antimicrobial peptides.
Three novel cysteine-free venom peptides, which were referred to as Pantinin-1, Pantinin-2 and Pantinin-3, respectively, have been identified from the scorpion Pandinus imperator by cDNA cloning strategy. The precursor of each peptide consists of a signal peptide, a mature peptide with no disulfide bridges, and an acidic propeptide with a typical processing signal. Each of the three peptides is an α-helical, cationic and amphipathic molecule with 13 or 14 amino acid residues. Their amino acid sequences are homologous to those of some 13-mer antimicrobial peptides isolated from scorpions. Antimicrobial assay showed that all the three peptides possess relatively strong activities against Gram-positive bacteria and a fungus, but have very weak antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative bacteria. Toxicity assay showed that the three peptides exhibit very low or mild hemolytic activities against human red blood cells. It is interesting to see that Pantinin-3 is able to potently inhibit the growth of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) S13, a pathogen that can cause a number of human infections; this suggests that Pantinin-3 has great potential to be applied in the treatment of VRE infections. Our findings gain new insights into the structure/function relationships of the small linear cationic antimicrobial peptides from scorpions, and provide new templates for designing of antimicrobial agents targeting antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The chloroplast photosystem of flag leaves contributes the largest proportion of photosynthates to grain in crops and consequently affects grain weight. The plant 2-Cys peroxiredoxin BAS1 is involved ...in chlorophyll protection against chloroplast damage. In the present study, we cloned a
Tabas1
gene in common wheat (
Triticum aestivum
L.), comprising seven exons and six introns with a complete sequence of 2847 bp and an open reading frame of 789 bp. The gene was located on chromosome 2B, and designated
Tabas1
-
B1
. A codominant gene-specific marker
TaS1
was developed based on a 1-bp InDel (-/A) in the second intron of
Tabas1
-
B1
. Two alleles,
Tabas1
-
B1a
and
Tabas1
-
B1b
, at the
Tabas1
-
B1
locus were identified by
TaS1
. Linkage and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping indicated that
Tabas1
-
B1
was linked to
Xcfa2278
(5.23 cM) and
Xbarc167
(10.38 cM) on chromosome 2BL. A stable QTL co-segregating with
Tabas1
-
B1
explained 9.0–19.2 % of phenotypic variations for chlorophyll content (ChlC) and 9.5–15.5 % for thousand-grain weight (TGW), respectively, across three environments. Association analysis further indicated a significant and positive effect of
Tabas1
-
B1a
on the ChlC of flag leaf post-anthesis and TGW in two populations across four environments. Geographic distribution analysis suggested a slightly higher frequency of
Tabas1
-
B1a
than
Tabas1
-
B1b
in the main wheat-growing regions of China. Selection of
Tabas1
-
B1a
may increase grain weight in wheat breeding.
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•Jogs in crustal-scale faults with high-angle cross faults control district-scale mineralization.•Heterogeneous stresses and complex fault and dyke arrays around rigid pluton control ...deposit-scale mineralization.•Contacts between rock units with contrasting rheology control orebody-scale mineralization.•Structurally, gold deposits in the Dashui-Zhongqu District are typical epizonal orogenic gold deposits.
Ge’erke (>100 t gold) is one of six Mesozoic gold deposits within the Dashui-Zhongqu District, that collectively have a non-JORC resource of about 150 tonnes gold out of a total of >1100 tonnes gold for the host West Qinling Belt. The deposits in the Dashui-Zhonggu District are deeply weathered to depths of up to 400 m, with secondary Fe-oxides having replaced pyrite and other sulfides. This makes traditional ore deposit studies involving mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic analysis difficult. Thus, their association has been controversial with correlations to deposits that include Carlin and intrusion-related types postulated. However, these associations can be discounted in favour of their classification as epizonal orogenic gold deposits. At Ge’erke, gold mineralization was focused in the hangingwall of a broadly south-dipping southern margin of a granite pluton in a wide variety of fault trends. This complexity was caused by heterogeneous stresses developed around the rigid pluton by the broadly NE-SW directed regional principal maximum stress responsible for the sinistral movement along the crustal-scale faults which control the regional alignment of the West Qinling gold deposits. At the orebody and ore shoot scale, gold mineralization is controlled by rheology contrasts, particularly the fault contacts between crystalline limestone units and granite dykes, which are themselves in a variety of orientations because of inhomogeneous strain around the parent granite pluton. In this region the secondary faults that subparallel the Mianlue Suture and associated crustal-scale faults are poorly gold mineralized in the absence of granite plutons. During exploration, such buried plutons and the orientations of their margins can best be detected by gravity surveys, although magnetic surveys may also be useful.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In the production of soy sauce-aroma type baijiu (SSAB), the quality of base liquor significantly affects the finished liquor's quality. Moreover, low-quality liquor may cause health problems. The ...different quality grades of base liquor were analyzed to investigate the relationship between the quality and the key compounds in SSAB. In this study, samples were evaluated by the sensory and further analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) coupled with electronic nose (E-nose). First, by sensory evaluation, the sauce, floral and fruity, fermented aromas and taste indicators (softness, fullness, harmony, purity and persistence) were positively correlated with the quality grade of the base liquor. The E-nose could distinguish the different quality grades of base liquor well. Second, differential compounds were identified via untargeted metabolome based on the HS-SPME-GC-MS. 16 common differential compounds were shared in the base liquor from different fermentation rounds, including 11 esters, 1 alcohol, 2 aldehydes and 2 ketones. It was found that the higher the quality grade of the base liquor, the richer the content of aromatics, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones. The principal component analysis (PCA) biplots of the differential compounds in the different quality grades of base liquor indicated that the superior-grade base liquor has a strong fruity aroma. By correlation analysis of the differential compounds and sensors responses of E-nose, furfuryl ethyl ether, butanoic acid ethyl ester, isopentyl hexanoate, nonanoic acid ethyl ester and 3-methyl-1-butanol had a significant effect on the response intensity of E-nose sensors. In the present study, the key differential compounds between the different quality grades of base liquor were identified, and the sensory differences between the base liquor were digitized.
► A novel class of venom peptides (referred to as HsAp, HsAp2, HsAp3 and HsAp4) were identified from Heterometrus spinifer. ► The four peptides are highly basic, cationic and weakly amphipathic. ► ...HsAp processes antimicrobial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as a fungus. ► The genes encoding the four peptides are intronless.
The venom peptides from the scorpion Heterometrus spinifer have been poorly characterized so far. Here, we identified a novel class of antimicrobial peptides from the venom gland of H. spinifer, which were referred to as HsAp, HsAp2, HsAp3 and HsAp4, respectively. Each of the four peptides consists of 29 amino acid residues, and is cationic and weakly amphipathic. They display no significant homology to any other known peptides, and thus represent a new family of venom peptides from scorpions. Antimicrobial assay showed that HsAp is able to inhibit the growth of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria with the MIC values of 11.8–51.2μM. HsAp is also able to inhibit the growth of the tested fungus. Genomic analysis indicated that the genes of all the four peptides are intronless. Our studies expand the families of antimicrobial peptides from scorpions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
40.
Pontibacter yuliensis sp. nov., isolated from soil Cao, Hanjun; Nie, Yao; Zeng, Xian-Chun ...
International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology,
03/2014, Volume:
64, Issue:
Pt 3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped and pink bacterium was isolated from the soil of a Populus euphratica forest in the Taklamakan desert, Xinjiang, China. It was designated strain H9XT. A 16S rRNA ...gene sequence homology search indicated that the isolate was most closely related to the family Cytophagaceae. The 16S rRNA gene of strain H9XT displayed 94.2–96.3 % sequence identities to those of type strains of other species of the genus Pontibacter. It only possessed menaquinone-7. The major cellular fatty acids of the novel isolate were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c summed feature 3 (containing C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and summed feature 4 (comprising anteiso-C17 : 1 B and/or iso-C17 : 1 I). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown aminophospholipid, one unknown glycophospholipid and several unknown phospholipids. The DNA G+C content of this bacterium was 55.2 mol%. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data presented, it can be concluded that this isolate represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacter, for which the name Pontibacter yuliensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H9XT ( = CCTCC AB 2013047T = KCTC 32396T).
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