The potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella, is the most damaging potato pest in the world and is difficult to control as the larvae are internal feeders in the foliage and tubers. ...Entomopathogenic fungi that colonize plants as endophytes have lethal and sublethal pathological effects on insect pests. We show that Beauveria bassiana colonizes the aerial parts of potato plants endophytically after inoculation through soil drenching. Endophytic B. bassiana persisted in potato foliage for more than 50 days postinoculation. Bioassays indicated that foliage of B. bassiana‐inoculated potato plants were pathogenic against larvae of P. operculella. Sublethal experiments indicated that B. bassiana negatively affected the growth, development, and reproduction of P. operculella. Development experiments showed that the weight of P. operculella pupae reared on B. bassiana‐colonized potato plants (4.25 mg) was significantly less than that of those reared on uninoculated control plants (8.89 mg). Compared with newly eclosed larvae fed on control plants, those fed on B. bassiana‐inoculated plants had significantly lower survivorship, with only 17.8% developing to the adult stage. Oviposition of P. operculella females reared on B. bassiana endophytically colonized plants was significantly lower (35 eggs/female) than of those reared on uninoculated plants (115 eggs/female). This study demonstrates that endophytic B. bassiana can be a potential biological control agent for the control and management of P. operculella. Comparing pupal weights of P. operculella reared on potato plants inoculated with the B. bassiana strain GZGY‐1‐3 and on untreated control plants, pupae from the control plants were significantly heavier than those from treated plants.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Lung cancer is one of the most lethal malignant tumors that endangers human health. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has increased dramatically in recent decades, accounting for nearly 40% of all lung ...cancer cases. Increasing evidence points to the importance of the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) intrinsic mechanism in various human cancers. However, behavioral characteristics of the ceRNA network in lung adenocarcinoma need further study.
Groups based on SLC2A1 expression were used in this study to identify associated ceRNA networks and potential prognostic markers in lung adenocarcinoma. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to obtain the patients' lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA expression profiles, as well as clinical data. Informatics techniques were used to investigate the effect of hub genes on prognosis. The Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic effect of hub genes. The methylation, GSEA, and immune infiltration analyses were utilized to explore the potential mechanisms of the hub gene. The CCK-8, transwell, and colony formation assays were performed to detect the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells.
We eventually identified the ITGB1-DT/ARNTL2 axis as an independent fact may promote lung adenocarcinoma progression. Furthermore, methylation analysis revealed that hypo-methylation may cause the dysregulated ITGB1-DT/ARNTL2 axis, and immune infiltration analysis revealed that the ITGB1-DT/ARNTL2 axis may affect the immune microenvironment and the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. The CCK-8, transwell, and colonu formation assays suggested that ITGB1-DT/ARNTL2 promotes the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. And hsa-miR-30b-3p reversed the ITGB1/ARNTL2-mediated oncogenic processes.
Our study identified the ITGB1-DT/ARNTL2 axis as a novel prognostic biomarker affects the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Carbene transfer reactions play an important role in the field of organic synthesis because of their ability to construct a variety of molecules. Herein, we reported on blue light-induced ...cyclopropenizations of N-tosylhydrazones in water, which avoids the use of expensive metal-based catalysts and toxic organic solvents. This metal-free and operationally simple methodology enable highly efficient cyclopropenizations, X-H insertion reactions, and cyclopropanation under mild reaction conditions.
We reported on blue light-induced cyclopropenizations of N-tosylhydrazones in water, which avoids the use of expensive metal based catalysts and toxic organic solvents. Display omitted
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Multiplex networks have been proposed as an effective abstract of real complex systems, ranging from multi-modal urban transportation systems to communication systems. In this paper, we investigate a ...traffic-driven epidemic model in multiplex networks, and derive a theoretical approach to accurately predict the epidemic threshold of each layer. Our results show that the multiplex structure can produce different effects on the epidemic threshold of layers. Interestingly, one important finding is that the epidemic can be completely suppressed in a certain layer. This phenomenon occurs only when the connectivity of layers is very different, and the traffic flow is heterogeneously distributed over the layers. Therefore, epidemic spreading becomes quite distinct among the layers with different amounts of traffic flow. By using mean-field analysis, an explicit expression is derived to detect this traffic-induced epidemic suppression phenomenon. The accuracy of theoretical prediction is assessed in Erdős-Rényi and scale-free multiplex networks.
Desorption is one of the main factors causing groundwater and soil pollution. Therefore, the study of clay desorption characteristics is important for the prediction of groundwater and soil ...pollution. In previous studies, batch tests and column tests were used to study the desorption characteristics of pollutants on clay. However, the desorption parameters obtained via the two test methods were often quite different. To investigate differences in the desorption characteristics of different pollutants on clay particles and in compacted clay, batch and column desorption tests were conducted using cadmium chloride, fulvic acid, and sodium phosphate as the adsorbates and bentonite as the adsorbent. It was found that the unit particle surface area desorption distribution coefficients of pollutants on bentonite particles were approximately equal to the unit pore surface area distribution coefficients of pollutants in compacted bentonite. This indicates that the desorbed amount per unit of surface area is basically consistent, regardless of whether they are sorbed on particles or in compacted bentonite. A simple formula for determining the desorption retardation factor of pollutants in compacted bentonite is presented. The results of this study provide a reference for the prediction and evaluation of groundwater and soil pollution.
•Batch and column experiments are used to study pollutant desorption from bentonite.•Desorbed amounts per unit of surface area are consistent for batches and columns.•Per unit surface area distribution coefficients independent of bentonite structure.•A new method for determining desorption retardation factors is presented.•This work provides a reference for predicting groundwater and soil pollution.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A new strategy is developed for the synthesis of 1-aminoisoquinoline derivatives. This Rh(III)-catalyzed 4 + 2 annulation reaction employs benzamidines as efficient directing groups and the vinylene ...carbonate as an acetylene surrogate. Additionally, the reaction features broad substrate scopes and good yields, only producing carbonate anion as byproduct.
A new strategy is developed for the synthesis of 1-aminoisoquinoline derivatives, employing benzamidines as efficient directing groups and the vinylene carbonate as an acetylene surrogate. The reaction features broad substrate scopes and good yields, only producing carbonate anion as byproduct. Display omitted
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Ampelopsis grossedentata (AG) is mainly distributed in Chinese provinces and areas south of the Yangtze River Basin. It is mostly concentrated or scattered in mountainous bushes or woods with high ...humidity. Approximately 57 chemical components of AG have been identified, including flavonoids, phenols, steroids and terpenoids, volatile components, and other chemical components. In vitro studies have shown that the flavone of AG has therapeutic properties such as anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, enhancing immunity, regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, being hepatoprotective, and being anti-tumor with no toxicity. Through searching and combing the related literature, this paper comprehensively and systematically summarizes the research progress of AG, including morphology, traditional and modern uses, chemical composition and structure, and pharmacological and toxicological effects, with a view to providing references for AG-related research.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The gut microbiota can help maintain healthy metabolism and immunity. Granulocyte-macrophage ...colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a critical factor in promoting health and homeostasis; it promotes intestinal immunity, stimulates bone marrow precursors to generate macrophage colonies, and enhances the antibacterial and antitumor activity of circulating monocytes. As such, GM-CSF may protect against HCC development by regulating immunity as well as intestinal microecology.
To investigate the impact of GM-CSF on the gut microbiome and metabolic characteristics of HCC.
Thirty-six male BALB/c nude mice were divided into three groups: Control (
= 10), HCC (
= 13), and HCC + GM-CSF (GM-CSF overexpression,
= 13). We utilized HCC cells to establish orthotopic transplantation tumor models of HCC with normal and over-expressing GM-CSF. Liver injury, immune inflammatory function and intestinal barrier function were evaluated. The fecal microbiome and metabolome were studied using 16S rRNA absolute quantification sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
GM-CSF overexpression significantly affected the gut microbiome of mice with HCC and resulted in a high abundance of organisms of the genera
,
and
, along with a significant reduction in
,
,
,
,
, and
. Likewise, GM-CSF overexpression resulted in a substantial increase in fecal biotin and oleic acid levels, along with a prominent decrease in the fecal succinic acid, adenosine, fumaric acid, lipoic acid, and maleic acid levels. Correlation analysis revealed that the intestinal microbiota and fecal metabolites induced by GM-CSF were primarily involved in pathways related to reducing the inflammatory response, biotin metabolism, and intestinal barrier dysfunction.
GM-CSF can protect against HCC development by regulating immunity and modulating the abundance of specific intestinal microorganisms and their metabolites. This study provides new insights into the therapeutic approaches for HCC.
Enterococcus faecalis
(
E. faecalis
), a biofilm-forming pathogen, causes nosocomial infections. In recent years, drug resistance by enterococci has become increasingly severe due to widespread ...antibiotic abuse. Therefore, novel antibacterial agents are urgently needed. In this study, the synthetic retinoid compound CD437 was found to have potent bactericidal effect on
E. faecalis
. In addition, CD437 exhibited synergistic effects when administered in combination with gentamicin and additive effects when combined with ceftriaxone sodium. CD437 also inhibited biofilm formation by
E. faecalis
and exerted bactericidal effect on mature biofilm. Moreover, CD437 exhibited antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects against
Staphylococcus
. No bactericidal action of CD437 was observed against the gram-negative bacillus, but
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
biofilm extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix formation was reduced. Overall, these findings indicate that CD437 has the potential to be developed as a novel antibacterial drug.
Naturally brown colored cotton (NBCC) is becoming increasingly popular due to its natural properties of coloration. However, poor fiber quality and color fading are key issues that are hindering the ...cultivation of naturally colored cotton. In this study, based on transcriptome and metabolome of 18 days post-anthesis (DPA), we compared the variations of pigment formation in two brown cotton fibers (DCF and LCF), with white cotton fiber (WCF) belonging to a near-isogenic line. A transcriptome study revealed a total of 15,785 differentially expressed genes significantly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, for flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes, such as flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase (
), anthocyanidin synthase (
), anthocyanidin reductase (
), chalcone synthase (
), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (
), and chalcone isomerase (
), their expressions significantly increased in LCF compared with DCF and WCF. Moreover, transcription factors
and
were significantly expressed in LCF and DCF. Most flavonoid-related metabolites (myricetin naringenin, catechin, epicatechin-epiafzelechin, and epigallocatechin) were found to be more highly up-regulated in LCF and DCF than WCF. These findings reveal the regulatory mechanism controlling different brown pigmentation in cotton fibers and elucidate the need for the proper selection of high-quality brown cotton fiber breeding lines for promising fiber quality and durable brown color pigmentation.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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